JEE 632

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Project Characteristics and
Phrases

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Project Characteristics

What is a project?

A project is a complex, non-routine, one-time effort
limited by time, budget, resources, and
performance specifications designed to meet
customer needs.

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Project Characteristics
Major characteristics of a project:

1. Established objectives.
2. A defined life span with a beginning and an end.
3. Involvement of several departments and professionals.
4. Something that has never been done before.
5. Specific time, cost, and performance requirements.
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Project Characteristics

A project is a specific, finite task to be accomplished, with
some attributes as :-

purpose one-time activity, well defined objectives

life cycle slow beginning, size build up, peak,
decline, terminate

interdependencies interact with other projects,
or ongoing operations, or
other departments of an
organization

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Project Characteristics

uniqueness no two projects are alike
conflicts clients, parent organization,
project team, and the public

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Project Characteristics
Program

Projects

Tasks

Work packages

Work Units

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Project Characteristics
Program Life Cycle : S-Curve

%

C
o
m
p
l
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Time
slow start
slow finish
quick momentum
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Project Characteristics
Program Duration vs Project Cost
Cost
Time
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Major Project Phases




Business Planning ..... Initial Project
Screening .... Select Facilities
Definitive Planning ..... Establish Design Bases
Design ..... Define Selected Facilities
Execution ..... Engineering, Proc., Const.
Start-Up .... Commissioning
Business
Planning
Screening Definitive
Planning
Design
Execution Start-Up
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Major Project Phases

Business Planning and Screening

Reason for Capital Investment
Scope of Facilities Required (Roughed Out)
Philosophy and Project Execution Plan
Class V Cost Estimate
Justification

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Major Project Phases

Definitive Planning

Design Bases
Preliminary Milestone Schedule
Site Data
Further Development of Project Execution Plan
Class III Cost Estimate

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Major Project Phases

Basic Design

Development of Specification
Owner Basic Practices
Process Design Specifications
Review of Constructability, Operability, Maintainability
Finalize Initial Issue of Project Execution Plan &
Schedule
Class II Cost Estimate


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Major Project Phases

Detailed Engineering and Procurement

Translate Design Specifications, Basic Practices, etc.,
into :
Construction Drawings
Specifications
Purchase Orders
Major Effort by :
Contractor
In-House Engineering Group


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Major Project Phases

Construction

Translate Detailed Engineering into A Plant
Major Effort by Contractor


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Major Project Phases

Start-Up and Operation

Completion and Turn-Over Activities
Start-Up Procedures Preparation and Execution
Contractors Specialists Involvement
High Level of Interfaces between Project Team, Owner,
and Contractor



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Major Project Phases
Opportunity for Optimization




Business
Scoping
Project
Screening
Definitive
Planning
Basic
Design Project Execution Start-Up
Opportunity
To Influence
(Changes)
Resource
Expenditures
I
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c
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O
p
p
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Project Time Line
E
x
p
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d
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Max.
Max.
Min.
Min.
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Major Project Phases

Project Phases for Small Projects

All These Front End Activities may not be necessary for
small projects, because
may not be practical
may be done mentally or verbally (not written down)




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Major Project Phases
Example A Small Project
An inspection finds a boiler safety valve plugged and failed to lift

Scoping - Fix it before it blew up the boiler and
kill someone....not to mention losing a
lot of money
Philosophy - Do as soon as possible ... in 1 month
(by Operations)
Screening - Using Rupture Disk ... Dont study further
(by Technical Dept.)

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Major Project Phases
Example Continued

Planning - Use Same Manufacturer as already on
site (by Technical/Maint Dept.)
Basic Design - Process Design Spec.
(by Technical Dept.)
Execution Plan - Simplified (by Project Engineer)

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Major Project Phases
Summary

Typical Phases and Progression of Activities exist for all
projects (Simple or Complex)
Project Personnel must:
Be aware of various stages
understand activities for each stage
initiate action to ensure activity taking place


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Quality Management

Get It Right The First Time
Customer Satisfaction (know what customer wants)
Continuous Improvement (mechanism to measure and
improve performance)
Zero Defects


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QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Four Prime Elements :

Know what is required (Project Objectives)
Develop plan to meet requirements (Project Execution
Plan)
Implement the plan (Execute the plan)
Monitor & Take corrective action (Track/Plan/Action)