5 Green Technology

http://www.sert.nu.ac.
th
SCHOOL OF
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
TECHNOLOGY

Green Technology
Presented by
Dr. Anan Pongtornkulpanich
Head of Solar Thermal Research Unit
School of Renewable Energy Technology (SERT)
Naresuan University
The 7
th
CRISU-CUPT Conference Challenges of ASEAN Higher Education in Globalized World
Naresuan University
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School of Renewable Energy Technology, Naresuan University
Outline
Defining Green Technology
Major Types of Green Technology
Green Industry
Green Building
Green IT
Green Energy
Some Case Studies of Green Technologies
Green Industry
Green Building
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Defining Green Technology
Evolution, methods and materials used to amend
and configure equipment to get better function or
cleanness without problem
Target of development leads to the following benefits
Encouragement: meeting to create future society without
damage and natural destruction
Design: source to source, use of matters appeared to be
Cycle of product which can be also recycled
Data Reduction: reduce discarding and pollution with being
recreated to be new product and consumption
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Defining Green Technology (Contd)
Innovation: development for technology
Capacity in living: creating an economic center to suit
with technology and product to be proper with environment
Energy: recognizing information about green technology
including the fuel development, meaning of generating energy
and effect of energy usage
Environment: leading to search new product to reduce impact
on environment
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Major types of Green Technology
Green Industry
Global Change Climate change
Resource Depletion increasingly viable
technological for Renewable resources
Food Supply Agricultural methods & wastes
Toxic in the Environment design for reduced
hazards
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Green Industry is about reducing
Waste Materials Hazard Risk Energy Cost
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Green Building
To reduce impact of building to environment and
human health which green building yields friendly
environment by
1. Increasing energy and other resources
efficiencies
2. Improving working environment to support
performance both indoor and outdoor
3. Reducing wastes and pollution which are
released to environment
4. Use of electrical appliances for energy
conservation
5. Selecting construction material with friendly
environment
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Design of Green and Sustainable Building
-Followed as USAs standard of LEED or Leadership
in Energy and Environment design which was
developed by U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC
Committee)

- The following project checklists had to be examined:
- Sustainable Sites (SS)
- Water Efficiency (WE)
- Energy & Atmosphere (EA)
- Materials & Resources (MR)
- Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ)
- Innovation & Design Process (ID)
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Project Checklists
LEED
Indoor Environmental Quality
(EQ)
17 items
Innovation & Design Process
(ID)
2 items
Material & Resources
(MR)
14 items
Sustainable Sites
(SS)
15 items
Water Efficiency
(WE)
5 items
Energy & Atmosphere
(EA)
9 items
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Rule of evaluating Green Building in Thailand
- consisting of 6 main points as follows:

1. Construction site: no impact on ecosystem and
encouragement for use of mass transportation
2. Energy Efficiency: concerning use of highly
efficient energy and considering utilization of
renewable energy, configuring engineering system
and non-CFC refrigerant usage
3. Water Efficiency: considering use of water quantity
which is lower than standard usage
4. Construction material: selecting material which is
friendly environment, use of recycled and locally
available material to reduce fuel consumption for
transportation

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(Contd)
5. Indoor Environment Building: considering good air
quality without gas, smell or dust, selecting
decorated/furnished material without releasing
volatile matter and having properly indoor
temperature, humidity, clearness
6. Innovation: applying innovative construction
product or modern construction engineering system

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(Contd)
5. Indoor Environment Building: considering good air
quality without gas, smell or dust, selecting
decorated/furnished material without releasing
volatile matter and having properly indoor
temperature, humidity, clearness
6. Innovation: applying innovative construction
product or modern construction engineering system

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Green IT
Reasons for the Need of Green IT are
Increasing Energy Efficiencies to reduce operational
costs
Compliance with the regulatory bodies and reducing
the carbon footprints
Increasing the efficiency of computing resources so
as to reduce the environmental impact of IT
utilization

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Green IT
Ways to Implement

Unutilized and underutilized resources to be
decommissioned
If possible using a single power efficient server
Power management: Automation of shutdown and
power on processes
Upgradation to power efficient hardware

Advantages
Reduces greatly the operational costs
Put forward a noble image in front of client and
other stakeholders
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Green Energy
Reasons for the Need of Green Energy are
Natural Resources used in energy generation
process
Increasing pollution caused by the non renewable
sources
Ways to implement
Setting up power plants using renewable energy
sources: Solar Thermal/PV/Biomass
Increased government spending on sustainable
sources of energy
Infrastructure and manpower development
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Green Energy
Advantages
Cleaner and healthier environment
Unlimited resources and potential to be utilized
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Green Energy
In Thailand, 5 Energy Policies were provided by
Thai Government as follows:
Enhancing energy-related industries & business to be
next generation value-creator
Securing countrys energy supply
Pricing energy right
Up-scaling Renewable Energy mix to 25% in 10 years
Target Energy Intensity Reduction by 25% (based on
2010 level) within 20 years
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Green Energy
From National Policy of Renewable Energy, latest version
of Thailands master plan on renewable energy (Alternative
Energy Development Plan, AEDP 25% within 10 years)
was developed by Department of Alternative Energy
Development and Efficiency, DEDE, Ministry of Energy as
shown in the next slide

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Green Energy
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Many human activities cause to generate the increase of
CO
2
in the world carbon cycle
Deforestation and
burning forest cause
to release CO2
Forest is the source to
absorb and release
CO2
- Economy development
- Production
- Industrial process
- Transportation
are reasons to generate
CO2
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Some Case Studies of Green Technologies
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Water
Energy
(Electricity, oil)
Raw material
Process in Industry
Waste water Solid waste Danger/
Risk
Product
Sound
Exhaust
gas
Production process
odor
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Current Problem of Energy System
Human utilizes energy which leads to problem of global warming
How do we reduce CO
2
emission to atmosphere?
Reduce or ignore the use of fuel oil having composition of
Carbon (Oil, Coal and Natural gas)
Reduce energy usage and increase energy efficiency
Renewable energy (Solar, hydro, biomass, wind etc.)
Technologies are utilized to reduce CO2 emitted to
atmosphere such as
Increasing energy efficiency (EE)
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Resemblance of Green Technology (Industry)
and Clean Technology
Cleaner Production
Pollution Prevention
Waste Minimization
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That is :
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Benefits obtained from using concept of Green
Industry to manage for various industries
Economic Benefit
Obtain profit (Baht/year) from calculation
Create image of organization
ISO 14001 / Green Label / LCA / EcoDesign
Environmental Benefit
Obtain decreased quantities of resources and
waste (Unit/year) from calculation
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Procedures of use of Green Industry to manage
for Industry
Find source of waste
Create diagram of production process
(When substances enter the process, product and any wastes
will be produced)
considering from 5 factors: raw material, technology, management
product and waste
Analyze the cause
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Procedures of use of Green Industry to manage
for Industry
considering source of 5 causes as:
1. change/improve raw material
2. change/improve technology or equipment
3. use suitable production method and management
4. change/improve the product
5. reuse and recycle
Find the effective ways to defend and solve
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Concept of Green Industry
Concept
Reduce contamination
at source
Efficient management
of source
Characteristic of this
Technology
Solve at the origin
Reduce cost of waste
Treatment
Correspond to market
need
Reduction at source
Recycle
Treatment Method
Releasing
Green T
Gov.
Policy
Savings
Payback
Cost
Reduction
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Steps of applying with Green Industry
Plan and Set organization
Preliminary evaluation
Exquisite evaluation Feasibility study
Start to do Follow to evaluate results
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Steps of Plan and Set Organization
Encourage from executive of industrial company
Set target to be effective ways of Green Industry
Set working group to manage the Green Project
Brainstorm to find ways to fix problem and obstacle
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Objectives

1. To focus area of loss and issue of environment problem
2. To select interest issue for examining with exquisite
evaluation
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Steps of Preliminary evaluation
Determine inflow-outflow
mass in process
Select problem issue
Collect and review data from document
Gather data from survey
- General data of
company and product
- Use of raw material
and waste
- Examine correctness
of production process
- Focus area having loss
- Investigate real
working condition
- Roughly evaluate
quantity of raw
material, energy and
waste in each line of
process
- Consider 3 points:
Possibility of technique,
economic and
environment
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Steps of this evaluation:
Exquisite evaluation
Find mass balance for inflow and outflow substances
Find cause of any losses in process
Propose alternative of Green Industry
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Steps of this study:
Feasibility Study
Evaluate possibility of technique, economic
and environment
Select the effectively possible option
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Possibility of technique can be calculated from
Possibility of Technique (%) = Average Index - Best Index
Best Index
100
Average Index = Monthly quantity of resource and waste
Monthly quantity of product
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Possibility of economic can be calculated from
Possibility = (Average Index - Best Index)
Average production capacity
Capital cost per unit
Possibility of Economic (%) =
Possibility
Sum of Possibilities
100
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Impact on Environment can be considered in 3 points
Quantity (Q)
Effect (E)
Diffusivity (D)
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Steps of this study:
Practice and Follow to evaluate results
Contact and coordinate with focused department
Set duration period for real practice
Concentrate the results of the following parameters
Quantity of resource used
Quantity of waste and pollution
Quantity of changed benefit
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Case Study I
The School of Renewable Energy Technology (SERT)

works together with Department of Industrial Promotion

in project of Green Industry for several industries in Thailand.
MPE Industry Co., Ltd
General Information
Major Product Shockproof plastic sheet (Air bubble, PE Foam)
Production Capacity Air Bubble ~ 120,000 rolls/year
PE Foam ~ 150,000 rolls/year
Real Production Cap. ~ 75% of Total capacity
Major raw material Plastic pellet (Type: LDPE)
Minor raw material Butane , Talcom
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Production process of XPE Foam, IXPE Foam
Preparation of raw material
Set Machine
Raw material passes quality standard
Roll raw material and butane gas prepared
Time used to run machine before
starting process ~ 1 hr.
Produce
Yes
No
Check quality: weight, width, thickness, color
surface
Store product
Keep product (stock) in warehouse
Take to transform
Take to sell
Dispose of
waste from production
Distribute product to customer
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Transformation process of XPE Foam, IXPE Foam
PE-Foam, Air bubble
Preparation of raw material
Set Machine
Check raw material before transformation
Give plan to transform
Time used to run machine before
starting process ~ 10-20 min. for laminated
machine and ~ 10 min for cutter machine

Transform
Yes
No
Check quality: weight, width, thickness, color
surface
With passing through cutting, seal, increase
thickness (Laminated), we get sheet, envelope
thermal insulator
Store product
Keep product (stock) in warehouse
Taking waste to
recycle
Distribute product to customer
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Data of Energy used
No. of transformer 2
Size of transformer (1) 1,000 kVA
Voltage (1) 22-33 kV
Size of transformer (2) 800 kVA
Voltage (2) 22-33 kV
Meter number 1832406
Annual total electricity consumption 1,504,400 kWh/year
Annual thermal energy used 5,415,840 MJ/year
Average monthly electricity consumption 125,366.66 kWh/m
Items Value
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Evaluation to Energy Savings
Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V.
for size of transformer of 800 kVA
Problem: At present, voltage of transformer is set between 405.5
and 407.8 V. at Tab no.3 which is excessively for this factory,
as shown in Figure. This results in useless energy loss.
Size of Transformer : 800 kVA
Tab is set at no. 3
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Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395
Solve: Adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V
for size of transformer of 800 kVA at Tab no.1 and measure
voltage which is equal to be 393.8 V, as shown in Figure.
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Voltage measured is between
the adjusted value
Tab is set at no. 1
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Results of adjustment
Electrical energy savings 936.60 kWh/year
3,371.6 MJ/year
Cost of savings 2,922.20 Baht/year
Investment cost - Baht
Payback period - Year
Items Value
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Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V.
Problem: At present, voltage of transformer is set between 407.3
and 409.6 V. at Tab no.3 which is excessively for this factory,
as shown in Figure. This results in useless energy loss.
Size of Transformer : 1000 kVA
Tab is set at no. 3
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Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395
Solve: Adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V
for size of transformer of 1000 kVA at Tab no.1 and measure
voltage which is equal to be 391.4 V, as shown in Figure.
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Voltage measured is between
the adjusted value
Tab is set at no. 1
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Electrical energy savings 1,345.85 kWh/year
4,845.06 MJ/year
Items Value
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Power factor set in factory should be over 0.85
Problem: At present, use of electricity in factory is excessively without
suitable setting of power factor (Power factor is set at 0.68)
at position O (OFF) which this results in useless energy loss
and generating unnecessary cost, as shown in Figure.
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Switch is set at O (OFF)

Power factor is set at 0.68 < 0.85
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Power factor set in factory should be over 0.85
Solve: Adjust a suitable setting of power factor at 0.97 (>0.85)
at position A (Auto) which the measured value is given as
shown in Figure.
Switch is set at A (Auto)

Power factor is set at 0.97 (> 0.85)
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17,722.26 MJ/year
Items Value
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Air temperature entering air compressor should not be higher 3
o
C
than environment temperature
Problem: At present, air compressor is located at outdoor place which
average environment temperature is measured at 45.9
o
C
This result is that the higher outdoor temperature, the more
energy consumption of air compressor, as shown in Figure.
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Air temperature entering air compressor should not be higher 3
o
C
than environment temperature
Solve: Installing sunroof for air compressor which this results in
environment temperature around compressor reduced to be
34
o
C and yielding higher energy savings, as shown in Figure
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4,871.12 MJ/year
Items Value
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Air pressure from compressor for the process should not be set
over 6 bar
Problem: At present, air pressure is set more than 6 bar (8 bar) and
electrical motor capacity is 11.19 kW which is over in reality.
and compressor is placed far away from working point
without maintenance, as shown in Figure

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Air pressure from compressor for the process should not be set
over 6 bar
Solve: Air pressure is set to be 5 bar and installed with air accumulator
and adjust pressure component

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15,113.38 MJ/year
Items Value
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Month Electrical Energy (kWh)
Quantity of foam used to produce bubble
(kg.)
Quantity of pellet to produce foam
(kg.)
Jan.-2008 95980 63000 72000
Feb.-2008 103380 67000 101000
Mar.-2008 102480 52000 99950
Apr.-2008 88440 32000 90000
May.-2008 91440 56000 83000
June-2008 102240 57900 93000
July-2008 92420 73975 50975
Aug-2008 88180 51000 75800
Sept-2008 97960 54975 75975
Oct-2008 90360 43000 88250
Regression Analysis
Regression equation is determined to find correlation among
electrical energy, quantity of foam used to produce bubble and
quantity of pellet to produce foam which corresponds to table below
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The regression equation will be obtained from regression
analysis as
Electricity energy (kWh) = 50892 + 0.374 QB+ 0.266QF
where
QB = Quantity of foam to produce bubble, kg
QF = Quantity of pellet to produce foam, kg
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Conclusion of potential of Energy Conservation
Items Value
Cost of energy savings 127,541.95 MJ/year
Quantity of energy consumed 2,146,222.8 MJ/year
Percentage of energy reduced 5.94% or 158,364.99 B/year
Payback period (PP) 0.001 year
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Case Study II
SK Interfood Co., Ltd
General Information: Slicing Pig to various components
Items Quantity Unit Cost Unit

Raw material 3,570.9 Ton/y 185,686,800 B/y
Water 46,343 m
3
/y 0 B/y
Electricity 810,933 kWh/y 2,623,157 B/y
Fuel 33,715 kg/y 590,010 B/y
Waste 30.7 Ton/m
Average quantity of components of pig produced 266 Ton/month
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Data for resource used and waste generated in 2010
Items Unit
Total
(Unit/year)
Avg/month
Product Ton 3,191.0
266
Pig Ton 3,570.9
297.6
Electricity
KWh 810,933 67,578
LPG Kg 33,715
2,810
Water
m
3
46,343
3,862
Waste Ton 368.4
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Items Unit Avg Index Best Index
Pig
Ton/Ton of product
1.119 1.113
Electricity
kWh/Ton of product
255.66 217.25
LPG
kg/Ton of product
11.10 8.69
Water
m
3
/Ton of product
14.526 14.506
Waste Ton/Ton of product
0.1157 0.0908
Data of Index for resource used and waste generated in 2010
Average Index = Quantity of resource or waste in each month
Quantity of product in each month
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Items Unit
Avg
Index
Best
Index
Avg Index BestIndex
Best Index

Technical
Possibility
(%)
Score
Pig
Ton/Ton
of product
1.119 1.113 0.0054 0.539 1
Electric
ity
kWh/Ton
of product
255.6
6
217.25 0.1768 17.680 2
LPG
kg/Ton of
product
11.1 8.69 0.2773 27.733 3
Water
m
3
/Ton of
product
14.52
6
14.506 0.0014 0.138 1
Waste
Ton/Ton
of product
0.115
7
0.0908 0.2742 27.423 3
Results for Technical evaluation
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Results for Economic evaluation
Items
Cost
(B/Unit)
(1)
Avg
Index
(2)
Best
Index
(3)
(4)=(2)-
(3)
I (B/Month)
(5)=(4)(1)(cap
acity)
F %F Score
Pig
52,000 1.119 1.113 0.006 82,992 0.6523 65.233 3
Electricity
3.23 255.66 217.25 38.41 33,001.10 0.2594 25.939 2
LPG
17.5 11.1 8.69 2.41 11,218.55 0.0882 8.818 1
Water
-
14.526 14.506 0.02 5.32
4.1816E
-05
0.0042 1
Waste
-
0.1157 0.0908 0.0249 6.6234
5.21E-
05
0.0052 1
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Items Unit
Quantity/month
Q E D
Q E D
Score
Pig Ton
266 3 1 1 3 1
Electricity
KWh
297.6 3 2 2 12 3
LPG kg
67,578 2 2 3 12 3
Water
m
3
2,810 3 2 2 12 3
Waste Ton
3,862 2 2 2 8 2
Criteria to evaluate environment: EV = (Q) x (E) x (D)
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Ranking the importance among Technical, Economic and
Environment Problems
Items
Technique Economic Environment
Total
(1)*(2)+(3)*(4)+(5)*
(6)
Sequence
no.
Score
(1)
A
(2)

(3)
B
(4)

(5)
C
(6)
Pig
1 3 3 3 1 2
14
3
Electricity
2 3 2 3 3 2 18
1
LPG
3 3 1 3 3 2 18
1
Water
1 3 1 3 3 2 12
4
Waste
3 3 1 3 2 2 16
2
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Results of Preliminary evaluation
Electricity and LPG usage are the most impact on
production process
LPG usage yields technical possibility
Reduction of loss of raw material yields high technical
and economic possibilities.
Water usage has the high impact on environment
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Exquisite evaluation
Mass balance in each steps of process is performed
Step1: Boiling and cleaning pigs
Cause: 1. Loss of water quantity while waiting for various
components of pig
2. In case of high production capacity (~120 pigs), water
pressure in cleaning is not sufficient resulting in no
water used and other steps being stopped.

Method to reduce loss
1. Install injector at the end of hose
2. Install water pump to increase water pressure
3. Control water pressure in water reservoir more than 0.5
bar by adjusting pressure difference of water generating
system to high generate water
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Step2: Freezing any components of pig

Cause: Components of pig before delivering to freezing room
have high humidity. Freezing room have to reduce water
temperature which results in excessively used electricity

Drain water away from freezing room
Step3: Cutting any components of pig
Cause: 1. Some components of pig fall on area of slice machine
2. Water tap used for cleaning hand
has oversize resulting in loss of
water
Install panels to prevent falling of
pigs components
Install water distributors to increase water volume for cleaning
hand

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Step5: Cooling Tower

Cause: - Efficiency of cooling tower is decreased due to dregs and
moss generated


- Cleaning cooling pack

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Feasibility of method to reduce loss in the factory
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Results of applying Green Industry for Industry
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Case Study III Green Buildings
School of Renewable Energy
Technology (SERT) has missions to
research and development of renewable
energy including energy conservation
which relates to Green Building.

Naresuan University (NU) has been
assigned SERT to take responsibilities to
set model scheme of Green Building for
all buildings around NU area.
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Defining Green Building
has friendly environmental construction process without
impact on ecosystem
gives energy savings
has suitable air, humidity, and lighting qualities
use low-energy construction or recycled material
apply modern and innovative technologies to building
7 Criterions to evaluate Green Building
Management to be Green Building
- emphasizing intention to be Green Office Building
(Total score = 5)
Remark :These Criterions is based on Department of Pollution Control
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Region Plan and Landscape Architecture
- emphasizing evaluation of region plan and landscape
architecture (Total score = 7)
Water Usage
- emphasizing evaluation of water usage
(Total score = 6)
Energy
- emphasizing evaluation of energy management,
assigning personnel to take responsibility for energy
conservation, quantity of energy used and air conditioner
(Total score = 14)
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Indoor Environment Condition
- emphasizing evaluation of illumination in low stage,
Indoor air quality, preventing cigar smoke in building area,
sound level, building security, and use of low pollution
materials (Total score = 4)
Preventing impact on environment from outdoor
- emphasizing evaluation of air pollution, waste water,
dangerous waste, heat and reduction of reflecting light
(Total score = 12)
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Innovation
- emphasizing evaluation of developing energy
conservation and indoor and outdoor environment of
building (Total score = 3)
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Table 1 Conclusion of evaluating environmental management
for Office of NU President
Remark ST = Short time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2012 and 2013
MT = Medium time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2014 and 2015
LT = Long time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2016

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for Office Building of Library

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for Office of NU indoor Stadium

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Previous 3 Case studies of managing buildings to be green
building is set to be model scheme to obtain complete Green
Building between 2013-2016.

For the rest of buildings around NU area, We (SERT) are
ongoing to manage them to be green building soon such as
student dormitories and various Faculties.

We try to use renewable energy technology applying to
Green Building for NU Green Building Project and hope to
collaborate in research between Thai and Indonesia in theme
of Energy Efficiency in the near future

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Thank you for your kind attention
82

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