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HORMONE SYNTHESIS,

RELEASE AND TRANSPORT



Hormone:
produced in small amounts by specific
tissues (endocrine glands), control the
metabolic and biological activities in the
target cells
Hormone
HORMONE CLASSIFICATION

Protein and polypeptide
Amine
Steroid
Eicosanoid
BIOCHEMISTRY
MEDICAL FACULTY USU
PEPTIDE HORMONES
Consist of specific amino acids
Synthesized as large precursor proteins
Stored in membrane-enclosed
compartments
Hydrophillic

PEPTIDA INSULIN

Di sintesa di Pulau Pankreas sebagai
preproinsulin
Untuk sekresi disimpan di RES
oleh enzim mikrosomal dibelah menjadi
proinsulin sewaktu memasuki membran RES
Proinsulin diangkut ke golgi kompleks
dikemas menjadi secretory granules
Di granula, C-Peptida dipisahkan insulin
disekresikan
Protein and Polypeptide Hormones Synthesis
: Peptide hormone synthesis and packaging
Proinsulin
Insulin
AMINE HORMONES
Derived from the amino acid tyrosine
Includes thyroid hormones and
catecholamines
Stored until secreted
Thyroid gland produce T3 and T4
hormones
Iodide (I
-
) actively transported into the
follicle of thyroid gland
Oxidized to iodine (I
o
) by a peroxidase
Thyroid Hormones
Iodine attached to tyrosine within
thyroglobulin chain
MIT, DIT
MIT and DIT or 2 DIT molecules
coupled together
TSH via cAMP stimulates hydrolyze T
3

and T
4
from thyroglobulin (inhibited by
KI)
Thyroid Hormones

STEROID HORMONES
Precursor: Cholesterol
Lipophillic
Immediately released from the cell
following synthesis
Hormon Steroid


Korteks adrenal sintesis :
glukokortikoid, mineralokortikoid, sex
steroid
Terutama dari kolesterol plasma
(sebahagian kecil dari asetil koA)
Kolesterol plasma dirubah menjadi
pregnenolon oleh enzim sitokrom P450
(mitkondria atau RES)




Hormon Steroid

Hormon Steroid

Kekhususan seluler :
sintesis mineralokortikoid pada sel
glomerulosa
18 hidroksilase dan 18 hidroksisteroid
dehidrogenase hanya ditemukan pada
sel ini




Golongan Hormon Steroid

Protein Transport

Thyroid Hormones

Globulin alfa (85%)TBG
TBPA (transferitin)
Albumin sedikit





Protein Transport
Hormon Steroid

Kortisol
- 75 % terikat CBG (transkortin)
- 10 % kortisol bebas
- selebihnya pada albumin
(mis deksametason)
Protein Transport
Hormon Steroid

Androgen
- DHEA terikat lemah pada albumin
- Testoteron terikat pada globulin spesifik
( SHBG)
Mineralokortikoid
- tidak punya protein pengangkut spesifik
- membentuk ikatan lemah dengan
abumin
EICOSANOIDS HORMONE
Produced from arachidonic acid,
Released from phospholipids by action of
phospholipase A
2,
phospholipase C

Produced in almost every organ
In one pathway arachidonic acid is converted
to prostanoids by a group of enzymes, the
cyclooxygenase system
A second pathway to produce leukotrienes
by the enzyme 5 lipoxygenase
EICOSANOIDS HORMONE
Prostaglandins

SAIDS inhibit action of phospholipase
NSAIDs, such as aspirin and derivatives of
ibuprofen, inhibit cyclooxygenase activity of
PGH2 Synthase
They inhibit formation of prostaglandins
involved in fever, pain, & inflammation
They inhibit blood clotting by blocking
thromboxane formation in blood platelets

REFERENCES
Devlin T M, PhD. Text Book of Biochemistry with
Clinical Correlations 5thed. Wiley-Liss, New York.
2002 : 906-952, 982-983
McKee Trudy, McKee James R. The molecular
basis of Life. 3rded. McGraw-Hill. Americas, New
York. 2003 : 541-559
Murray R K, et al. Harpers Biochemistry 26thed.
Appleton & Lange. America 2003: 434-473
Raff A, et al. Moleculer Biology of The Cell. 4thed.
Garland Science. New York. 2002: 832-892
Stryer L. Biokimia. Edisi 4. EGC, Jakarta. 2000.:
340-358

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