Hormone: produced in small amounts by specific tissues (endocrine glands), control the metabolic and biological activities in the target cells Hormone HORMONE CLASSIFICATION
Protein and polypeptide Amine Steroid Eicosanoid BIOCHEMISTRY MEDICAL FACULTY USU PEPTIDE HORMONES Consist of specific amino acids Synthesized as large precursor proteins Stored in membrane-enclosed compartments Hydrophillic
PEPTIDA INSULIN
Di sintesa di Pulau Pankreas sebagai preproinsulin Untuk sekresi disimpan di RES oleh enzim mikrosomal dibelah menjadi proinsulin sewaktu memasuki membran RES Proinsulin diangkut ke golgi kompleks dikemas menjadi secretory granules Di granula, C-Peptida dipisahkan insulin disekresikan Protein and Polypeptide Hormones Synthesis : Peptide hormone synthesis and packaging Proinsulin Insulin AMINE HORMONES Derived from the amino acid tyrosine Includes thyroid hormones and catecholamines Stored until secreted Thyroid gland produce T3 and T4 hormones Iodide (I - ) actively transported into the follicle of thyroid gland Oxidized to iodine (I o ) by a peroxidase Thyroid Hormones Iodine attached to tyrosine within thyroglobulin chain MIT, DIT MIT and DIT or 2 DIT molecules coupled together TSH via cAMP stimulates hydrolyze T 3
and T 4 from thyroglobulin (inhibited by KI) Thyroid Hormones
STEROID HORMONES Precursor: Cholesterol Lipophillic Immediately released from the cell following synthesis Hormon Steroid
Korteks adrenal sintesis : glukokortikoid, mineralokortikoid, sex steroid Terutama dari kolesterol plasma (sebahagian kecil dari asetil koA) Kolesterol plasma dirubah menjadi pregnenolon oleh enzim sitokrom P450 (mitkondria atau RES)
Hormon Steroid
Hormon Steroid
Kekhususan seluler : sintesis mineralokortikoid pada sel glomerulosa 18 hidroksilase dan 18 hidroksisteroid dehidrogenase hanya ditemukan pada sel ini
Golongan Hormon Steroid
Protein Transport
Thyroid Hormones
Globulin alfa (85%)TBG TBPA (transferitin) Albumin sedikit
Protein Transport Hormon Steroid
Kortisol - 75 % terikat CBG (transkortin) - 10 % kortisol bebas - selebihnya pada albumin (mis deksametason) Protein Transport Hormon Steroid
Androgen - DHEA terikat lemah pada albumin - Testoteron terikat pada globulin spesifik ( SHBG) Mineralokortikoid - tidak punya protein pengangkut spesifik - membentuk ikatan lemah dengan abumin EICOSANOIDS HORMONE Produced from arachidonic acid, Released from phospholipids by action of phospholipase A 2, phospholipase C
Produced in almost every organ In one pathway arachidonic acid is converted to prostanoids by a group of enzymes, the cyclooxygenase system A second pathway to produce leukotrienes by the enzyme 5 lipoxygenase EICOSANOIDS HORMONE Prostaglandins
SAIDS inhibit action of phospholipase NSAIDs, such as aspirin and derivatives of ibuprofen, inhibit cyclooxygenase activity of PGH2 Synthase They inhibit formation of prostaglandins involved in fever, pain, & inflammation They inhibit blood clotting by blocking thromboxane formation in blood platelets
REFERENCES Devlin T M, PhD. Text Book of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations 5thed. Wiley-Liss, New York. 2002 : 906-952, 982-983 McKee Trudy, McKee James R. The molecular basis of Life. 3rded. McGraw-Hill. Americas, New York. 2003 : 541-559 Murray R K, et al. Harpers Biochemistry 26thed. Appleton & Lange. America 2003: 434-473 Raff A, et al. Moleculer Biology of The Cell. 4thed. Garland Science. New York. 2002: 832-892 Stryer L. Biokimia. Edisi 4. EGC, Jakarta. 2000.: 340-358