DEVELOPMENTS I N SI NDHI LEXI COGRAPHY

A DESCRIPTIVE SURVEY OF
BILINGUAL
ENGLISH-SINDHI-DICTIONARY
ZULFIQAR ALI SHAH
Assistant Professor
Department of English
Shah Abdul Latif University

SUPERVISOR
PROF.DR.ZAFAR IQBAL



MICROSTRUCTURE OF A DICTIONARY
(H.Jackson.2002)

Spelling
Pronunciation
Inflection
Word class
Meanings
Definitions
Usage
Etymology
AN ENTRY OF CODE IN OELD-8
code /:kd; NAmE kod/ noun, verb
noun 1 [C,U] (often in compound) a system of
words, letters, numbers, or symbols that represent a
message or record information secretly or in a shorter
form.
verb [VN] 1 to write or print words, letters, numbers
etc.on sth so that you know what it is, what group it
belongs to etc.: Each order is coded separately. 2 to
put a message into code so that it can only be
understood by a few people. 3 (computing) to write a
computer program by putting one system of numbers,
words and symbols into another system SYN ENCODE

Zgustas (1971) criteria as summarized in
Klapicova (2005) for the construction of
an entry in a bilingual dictionary are as
follows:

the entry
ii. grammatical information
iii. pronunciation
iv. equivalents in the target language
vi. encyclopedic information
vii. etymology of the entry word
viii. the lexicalized and the verbatim meaning of
different morphemic and word combinations.

Sekaninova (1993) cited in Klapicova (2005)
emphasizes seven parameters for the
construction of an entry in a bilingual dictionary:
. phonetic information
ii. grammatical component
iii. stylistic parameter
iv. lexical equivalence
v. lexical stability
vi. lexical-semantic connection potentiality
vii. context applicability.

The following heuristic checklist developed by
Abu-Risha,(2003)
Semantic Information
Grammatical Information
Morphological Information
Ancillary Information (pronunciation & its
variations)
MEANING IN KIFAYATS
PLACE: (P.2248)

, , , , ,

, ,

) ,

, ,

, ,

, ,

, ,

( ) ,

.
continued
,

, ,

, ]

, ,

.
PRETTY: (P.2353)
,

, ,

,
, , ,

, , ,

, , ,
,

, ,

,
,

, ( ) ,

, , ,

, , ,

, ,

, , ,

,
, ,

, ,

, ,

.
The following 17 lexical items are given under
one head word head (p.154)
head on milk head of boat head of nail

head of arrow head of needle head of column
head of army head of army head of boil
per head head ache head clerk
head land head man head quarters
head stall head way
Grammatical Information
Different world classes are presented
separately as main entries as: accuse,
accused, accused; and achieve and
achievement without mentioning or labeling
their word classes.
The other example is decide, decided; and
decidedly (p.75).

Other important features of grammatical
information are the mentioning of tenses; singular,
plural and masculine, feminine words.
grew p.t of grow (p.147)
genera pl. of genus (p.139)
gave p.t. of give (p.138)
feet pl. of foot (p.119)
lice pl. of louse (p.197)
Meaning Description
The most important feature in the meaning
description of this dictionary is mentioning of
the context in which a particular word may be
used. The connotation of the word is
mentioned in parenthesis
Meaning Description
nib (of bird)
Pyramid (of Egypt) (p.283)
risible (nerve) (p.304)
stagnate (water) (p.354)
spoke n. (of wheel) (p.351)
spade (cards) (p.346)
slat (in Venetian blinds) (p.336)
sley n. (weavers) (p.337)
In order to avoid the complex definitions, the context
of the word is given in parenthesis in the Sindhi
meaning of the English word:
The word consult (p.60) has different
connotations. All these are given in the
meaning description:

,
,

An entry in OESD

comply /kmplI/ v.intr. (-ies, -ied) with

/ ( :
( )

complied with her conditions

had no choice but to comply

(

PRONUNCIATION IN ENGLISH-SINDHI
DICTIONARY
Shahan
i
(1940)
Mewar
am
(1933)
Bulcha
nd
(1932)
Mircha
ndani
(1928)
Lakshu
man
(1868)
Stack
(1849)
Diction
ary


Pronun
ciation
Pronunciation in OESD
PRONUNCIATION IN
SINDHI
WORD

burn; bun

ton; turn; tonne

tough; turf
Pronunciation in OESD

verge

verb

verbal

virtue

word

work

world
Pronunciation in OESD
PRONUNCIATION
GIVEN IN OESD
WORD

Adjunct

Building

Bank

Bunk

Junk

Prink

Sing