Histologi

The corneal tissue is arranged in five basic layers, each

having an important function.
The five layers are: epithelium, Boman's membrane, stroma,
Descemet's membrane, and endothelium.
H
I
S
T
O
L
O
G
I
The five layers of Corneal
Epitel :

Terdiri atas 5 lapis sel epitel tidak bertanduk ; sel
basal, sel poligonal, sel gepeng saling berikat
erat, menghambat pengairan air, elektrolit, dan
glukosa (barrier)

Membran Bowman :

Merupakan kolagen yang tersusun tidak teratur
seperti stroma
Tidak mempunyai daya regenerasi

Stroma :

Lamel merupakan susunan kolagen; terbentuknya
kembali serat kolagen 15 bln
Keratosit merupakan fibroblas; membentuk
bahan dasar dan serat kolagen dalam perkembangan
embrio dan sesudah trauma

Membran Descement
:

Bersifat sangat elastik dan berkembang terus
seumur hidup
Endotel :

Tidak mempunyai daya regnerasi

Photomicroscopic view of the Histology of the Eye
S = Sclera
C = Choroid coat
PE = Pigmented
epithelium
P = Outer segments
of rods and cones
O = Nuclei of rods and
cones
OPL = Outer synaptic layer
I = Nuclei of bipolar neurons
PL = Inner synaptic layer
G = Ganglion cell layer


Photomicroscopic view of the Histology of the Eye
showing the location of the central fovea
- Some parts of the lacrimal apparatus were described earlier. The lacrimal
gland is located superior and lateral to the eyeball. It is divided into
orbital and palpebral parts by the levator palpebrae superioris muscle. The
gland secretes tears directly into the superior conjunctival fornix. The
tears are distributed across the eye by blinking, collected in the lacrimal
lake, and drained by the superior and inferior lacrimal papillae through
puncta (pores). The tears are drained via the canaliculi into the lacrimal
sac. There is a suction action when the lids are closed due to attachments
of the orbicularis oculi muscle into the lateral wall of the sac. From there,
they drain via the nasolacrimal duct into the nasopharynx.
- The lacrimal gland (bottom left) secretes tears, which contain lysozyme
and electrolytes similar to plasma. They look similar to salivary glands,
with the typical appearance of serous cells.
- The conjunctival epithelium (bottom right) is stratified columnar with
many goblet cells. The mucous secretions contribute to the protective
layer of the exposed eye and allow the eyelids to move freely over the
eye.
- Note the various parts of the anterior segment of the
eyeball.
- Most of the eyeball is occupied by clear, hyaluronan-rich
vitreous body. The posterior chamber is located between the
vitreous body and the iris. It contains the lens and zonular
fibers (suspensory ligaments) and is filled with aqueous
humor.
- Anterior to the iris and posterior to the cornea is the anterior
chamber.
- Note also the ciliary body and processes, which will be
covered later.
- The opening of the iris, or the pupil, is controlled by the
sphincter (parasympathetic; constricts the pupil) and dilator
(sympathetic; dilates the pupil) pupillae muscles.
- The lens is an avascular structure that is composed of
highly arranged crystallins to let light pass through.
- The ocular surface of the cornea is lined with non-
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (bottom panel).
- This epithelium sits on Bowmans membrane. Below that,
the corneal stroma consists of highly ordered arrays of
collagen with specific types of proteoglycan.
- The inner aspect of the corneal endothelium sits upon the
Descemets membrane. The endothelium plays a very
important role in maintaining a clear cornea by regulating the
state of hydration within the corneal stroma.

- The ciliary body contains ciliary muscle that is composed
of smooth muscle. Contraction and relaxation of the ciliary
muscles change the tension of the zonular fibers, or
suspensory ligaments, of the lens. This allows the lens to
change shape, a process known as accommodation.
- The ciliary processes are folds of connective tissue that are
covered by two layers of epithelium. There is also a complex
vasculature that cannot be seen easily. Fluid from these
vessels is processed and transported by the epithelial cells to
the posterior chamber as aqueous humor. The epithelial cells
constitute the blood-aqueous barrier.
- The aqueous humor enters the anterior chamber through the
pupil as it flows between the lens and the iris.
- Aqueous humor leaves the anterior chamber through the
trabecular meshwork and into the canal of Schlemm. This is
an endothelial lines, circumferentially arranged vessel that
communicates with veins in the sclera and returns the
aqueous humor back to the general circulation.
- Obstruction of the trabecular meshwork and canals of
Schlemm are thought to be the major cause of elevated
intraocular pressure, which could then lead to glaucoma.
- The iris is detailed here in higher magnification. Note the
anterior and posterior chambers to help orient yourself.
- The anterior surface of the iris contains loose, variably
pigmented stroma. It is open to the circulating aqueous
humor within the anterior chamber.
- Two layers of heavily pigmented epithelium cover the
posterior surface of the iris.
- Note that the sphincter pupillae muscle can be easily seen
near the pupil margin. It is smooth muscle controlled by
parasympathetics. The dilator pupillae muscle is more
difficult to identify, but it dilates the pupil upon sympathetic
innervation.