(MRP) Chapter 16 Feb 9, 2006 2 Material Requirement Planning (MRP) ______________________________________ ______________________________________
Key Outputs of MRP Calculate demand for component items Determine requirements for subassemblies, components, and raw material Determine when they are needed Generate work orders and purchase order Consider lead time
3 When to use MRP ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Dependent / Independent Demand? 4 Demand Characteristics 1 2 3 4 5 Week 400 300 200 100 N o .
o f
t a b l e s
Continuous demand M T W Th F M T W Th F 400 300 200 100 N o .
o f
t a b l e s
Discrete demand Independent demand 100 tables Dependent demand 100 x 1 = 100 tabletops 100 x 4 = 400 table legs Demand Characteristics for Finished Products and Their Components 5 MRP Input & Output Material Requirements Planning (MRP) Work orders Purchase orders Rescheduling notices 6 Major Inputs to MRP Process: 1. Bill of Material Product structure file Determines which component items need to be scheduled Product Structure Record Clipboard Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Sprin g (1) Bottom Clip (1) Top Clip (1) Piv ot (1) Rivet s (2) Clip Assembly (1) Pressboa rd (1) 7 Major Inputs to MRP Process: 2. Master Production Schedule (MPS) Drives MRP process with a schedule of finished products Quantities represent production not demand Quantities may consist of a combination of customer orders & demand forecasts Quantities represent what needs to be produced, not what can be produced Example
PERIOD MPS ITEM 1 2 3 4 5
Clipboard 85 95 120 100 100 Lapdesk 0 50 0 50 0 Lapboard 75 120 47 20 17 Pencil Case 125 125 125 125 125 8 Major Inputs to MRP Process: 3. Inventory Record _________________________________________________ Contains an extensive amount of information on every item that is produced, ordered, or inventoried in the system _________________________________________________ DESCRIPTION INVENTORY POLICY Item Pressboard Lead time 1 Item no. 734 Annual demand 5000 Item type Purch Holding cost 1 Product/sales class Comp Ordering/setup cost 50 Value class B Safety stock 0 Buyer/planner RSR Reorder point 39 Vendor/drawing 07142 EOQ 316 Phantom code N Minimum order qty 100 Unit price/cost 1.25 Maximum order qty 500 Pegging Y Multiple order qty LLC 1 Policy code 3 9 MRP Processes 4 Basic Steps 1. Exploding the bill of material ___________________________________ 2. Netting out inventory ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 3. Lot sizing rule How many units ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 4. Time-phasing requirements ___________________________________
10 Lot Sizing Rule Comparison The FOQ rule ___________ _______________________
The POQ rule ___________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________
The L4L rule ___________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ 11 MRP Matrix Gross Requirement Derived from planned order releases of the parent Actual / estimated demand, in case of final product Schedule Receipts Items on order Scheduled to arrive in the future time period Projected on hand Current inventory, or anticipated inventory at the end of period
Projected on-hand Inventory at end of period t Inventory on- hand at end of period t - 1 = + Scheduled / planned receipts in period t - Gross requirements in period t 12 MRP Matrix Net requirements Actual quantity to produce based on projected on hand and on-order quantity Planned Order Receipts Quantity, when orders need to be received Consider lot sizing rule: Planned Order Release When order need to be placed to receive on time Consider lead time
13 MRP Matrix (You can download the template from our class webpage) Gross Requirements Derived from MPS or planned order releases of the parent Scheduled Receipts On order and scheduled to be received Projected on Hand Beg Inv Anticipated quantity on hand at the end of the period Net Requirements Gross requirements net of inventory and scheduled receipts Planned Order Receipts When orders need to be received Planned Order Releases When orders need to be placed to be received on time ITEM NAME OR NO. PERIOD LOT SIZE LT 1 2 3 4 5 14 ITEM: CLIPBOARD LLC: 0 PERIOD LOT SIZE: L4L LT: 1 1 2 3 4 5 Gross Requirements 85 95 120 100 100 Scheduled Receipts 175 Projected on Hand 25 Net Requirements Planned Order Receipts Planned Order Releases Example MRP Matrix 15 MRP Example 1 Given the following information, determine when orders should be released for A, C, and D and the size of those orders Parts On hand Scheduled Receipts Lot Size Demand A C D 10 140 200
0 0 250, period 2 L4L Mult 50 Mult 250
100, period 8 A LT=3 C(3) LT=4 D(2) LT=2 16 MRP Example 2 Given the following information, determine when orders should be released for A, B, C, and D and the size of those orders. Parts On hand Scheduled Receipts Lot Size Demand A B C D 10 5 140 200
0 0 0 250, period 2 L4L L4L Mult 50 Mult 250
100, period 8 200, period 6 - - A LT=3 C(3) LT=4 D(2) LT=2 B LT=2 D(3) LT=2 17 Evolution of MRP MRP (material requirements planning) was the precursor to ERP Primarily a production planning and control system MRP evolved to MRP II (manufacturing resource planning) ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) and ERP II continue to extend the links through all business processes 18 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) An Overview Organizes and manages a companys business processes by sharing information across functional areas
Connects with supply-chain and customer management applications
ERP in the nutshell* Client server software Integrates majority of business processes Processes majority of transactions Enterprise wide database Real time data access
* adapted from e-courseware, MIT Sloan 19 ERP Modules [Figure 12.1 Organizational Data Flow] 20 ERP Modules [Figure 12.2 ERPs Central Database] Finance & Accounting Sales & Marketing Human Resources Production & Materials Management ERP Data Repository 21 ERP Implementation Process First step is to analyze business processes Which processes have the biggest impact on customer relations? Which process would benefit the most from integration? Which processes should be standardized?
Oracle Apps Forms Personalization - (Demonstrated Example - (Shipping and Transaction Form) - Using Zooming, Global Variables, Local Variables, Passing Parameters Etc.,)