Communication

Process.
What is communication process?





Transmission of a message from a sender to a
receiver in an understandable manner.

The communication process is a guide toward realizing effective
communication.
Effective communication leads to understanding.









Communication is a 2-
way interaction between
two parties to transmit
information and mutual
understanding between
themselves
If all my possessions were taken from me with
one exception, I would hope to keep my power of
communication --- for by it I would regain all the
rest.
--Daniel Webster, American Journalist
Importance of understanding communication
process
Communication is only successful when both the sender and the receiver
understand the same information as a result of the communication.
Importance of Communication in Business:
Effective communication is vital to all businesses. The communication
process involves:



Importance of understanding communication
process
Importance of Communication in the Workplace
Communication is important in a workplace setting because people must
interact with one another in ways that will get the job done quickly and
effectively.

"Communication is really all anyone ever gets paid for ultimately...and if you
cannot effectively communicate...you will PAY...not get paid..." -- Doug Firebaugh

Importance of Communication in Leadership
It is simply impossible to become a great leader without being a great communicator.
"The art of communication is the language of leadership." James Thompson
Good Leaders, Good Communicators.



Importance of understanding communication process
Significance of Communication in Relationships
Definitely, communication plays the main role in establishing
relationships. Communication is important in relationships as it
allows us to share interests, aspirations and concerns, to support
each other, to organize our lives and make decisions, and to work
together.
Upward communication:
Downward communication :
Horizontal communication:
Downward communication flows from
people at higher levels to those at lower
levels in the organizational hierarchy.
Upward communication travels from
subordinates to superiors and continues
up the organizational hierarchy.
Crosswise communication includes the
horizontal flow of information, among
people on the same or similar
organizational levels, and the diagonal
flow, among persons at different levels
who have no direct reporting
relationships.
The Communications Process
Source
Sender or source of communication is the
person or organization that has information to
share.
A source can be:
An individual
A nonpersonal entity
Message
Contains the information or meaning the source
hopes to convey.
Verbal or nonverbal
Written, oral, or symbolic
Developed as a result of the encoding process.
Encoding involves putting thoughts, ideas, or
information into symbolic form.

There are many forms of encoding
Graphic
Pictures
Drawings
Charts
Verbal
Spoken
Word
Written
Word
Song
Lyrics
Musical
Arrange-
ment
Instrum-
entation
Voices
Animation
Action/
Motion
Pace/
Speed
Shape/
Form
Verbal Graphic Musical
Encoding
Semiotics
The study of the nature of meaning, asking how
our reality words, gestures, myths, signs,
symbols, products/services, theories acquire
meaning.
Advertising and marketing researchers are
interested in semiotics to better understand the
symbolic meaning which might be conveyed in a
communication.
The Semiotic Perspective
Object
Brand such as
Marlboro
Sign or symbol
representing
intended
meaning
(Cowboy)
Interpretant/
intended meaning
(masculine,rugged
individualistic)
Object
Brand such as
Marlboro
Sign or symbol
representing
intended
meaning
(Cowboy)
Three Components to every marketing message
What is the symbolic meaning of the Snuggle
bear?
Images encoded in pictures powerfully convey
emotions
Channel
The method by which the communication travels
from the source or sender to the receiver.
Channels of Communication
Personal
Channels
Personal
Channels
Nonpersonal
Channels
Personal
Selling
Word of
Mouth
Print
Media
Broadcast
Media
Decoding
Transforming the senders message back into
thought.
Heavily influenced by receivers frame of
reference or field of experience.
Effective communication more likely when
parties share some common ground.
Receiver
The person or people with whom the sender
shares thoughts or information.
Generally consumers in the target market or
audience.
Levels of Audience Aggregation
Marketing to Different Audience Groups
Mass Markets Mass Communication

Market Segments Variety of
relevant media

Niche Markets Personal
selling or highly
targeted media
Small Groups One
message and
medium
Individuals
Personal
selling

Niche Markets Personal
selling or highly
targeted media
Market Segments Variety of
relevant media
Mass Markets Mass Communication
Small Groups One
message and
medium
Noise
Unplanned distortion or interference.
Examples include:
Errors or problems during messages encoding
Distortion in radio or television signal
Distractions at the point of reception
Response vs. Feedback
Response
Receivers set of reactions after seeing, hearing,
or reading the message.
Feedback is the part of the response
communicated back to the sender.
Closes the loop in the communications flow and
lets sender monitor how encoded message is being
decoded and received.
Organizations are totally reliant on communication.
Without communication, organizations would not function.
If communication is diminished or hampered, the entire
organization suffers.
When communication is thorough, accurate, and timely, the
organization tends to be vibrant and effective.
Communication is central to the entire management process
for four primary reasons:
Communication is a linking process of management.
Communication is the way managers conduct the
managerial functions of planning, organizing, staffing,
directing, and controlling. Communication is the heart of all
organizations.

Communication is the primary means by which people obtain
and exchange information.
Decisions are often dependent upon the quality and quantity
of the information received. If the information on which a
decision is based is poor or incomplete, the decision will often
be incorrect.
The most time-consuming activity a manager engages in is
communication.
Managers spend between 70 to 90 percent of their time communicating
with employees and other internal and external customers.

Information and communication represent power in organizations.
An employee cannot do anything constructive in a work unit unless he
or she knows what is to be done, when the task is to be accomplished, and
who else is involved. The staff members who have this information
become centers of power.

Communication enhances coordination and co-operation.
Types of Communication

People communicate with each other in a number of ways that
depend upon the message and its context in which it is being sent.
Choice of communication channel and your style of communicating
also affect communication. So, there are a variety of types of
communication.


Types of communication based on the communication channels
used are:
1. Verbal Communication
2. Nonverbal Communication

Verbal Communication
Verbal communication refers to the form of communication in which message is transmitted
verbally; communication is done by word of mouth and a piece of writing. Objective of every
communication is to have people understand what we are trying to convey. In verbal
communication remember the acronym KISS(keep it short and simple).

Verbal Communication is further divided into:
1. Oral Communication
2. Written Communication

1. Oral Communication
In oral communication, Spoken words are used. It
includes face-to-face conversations, speech, radio etc.

2. Written Communication
In written communication, written signs or symbols are
used to communicate. A written message may be printed
or hand written.
Non Verbal Communication
Nonverbal communication is the sending or receiving of wordless messages.
We can say that communication other than oral and written, such
as gesture, body language, posture, tone of voice or facial
expressions, is called nonverbal communication. Nonverbal
communication is all about the body language of speaker.


Nonverbal communication has the following three
elements:

1. Appearance
Speaker: clothing, hairstyle, neatness, use of
cosmetics.
Surrounding: room size, lighting, decorations,
furnishings
2. Body Language
facial expressions, gestures, postures
3. Sounds
Voice Tone, Volume, Speech rate



Principles of Effective Communication
1. Principle of clarity.
2. Principle of Objective
3. Principle of understanding the
receiver
4. Principle of consistency
5. Principle of completeness
6. Principle of Feedback
7. Principle of time
Barriers in Communication
Communicating is straightforward. What
makes it complex, difficult, and frustrating are
the barriers we put in the way.

Top Barriers :


EXPECTATIONS
AVOIDANCE
FIXING
SCAPEGOATING
PROBING
SPEAKING IN CODE
CONTROL
BLAMING

CONFLICT AVOIDANCE
(CHAOS)
EXCLUSION
BOUNDARY OR BARRIER
Information overload
Trust and credibility
Time
Emotions
Message congruency

Objective : thoughts and goals
Subjective : feelings

7 Cs of Communication
Completeness
Conciseness
consideration
clarity
concreteness
courtesy
correctness
List the three most common places you
have your conversations.