Minerals & Power Resources

The present age is known as IRON

AGE.
A naturally occurring substance that
has a definite chemical composition is
a mineral.
Minerals and power resources form the
backbone of industry in any country.
There are over three thousand minerals
On the basis of composition, minerals
are classified into two
Minerals
Metallic
Non-metallic
Ferrous
Non-ferrous
Ferrous minerals contain iron
in it
Iron ore, manganese, chromites
etc
Non-metallic minerals do not contain metals
Non-ferrous minerals do not contain iron, but
contain some other metals
Limestone, mica, gypsum etc
The minerals which occur in the metal form is
known as METALLIC MINERALS.
Minerals which are not metals are known as NON-
METALLIC MINERALS.
Metallic minerals which are mixed with impurities
are called ORES.
The process of taking the minerals from rocks
under the earths surface is known as mining.
Extraction of Minerals
Mining
Quarrying
Deepshaft
Opencast
Drilling
The impurities are removed through a process
called SMELTING.
Non-metallic minerals do not posses any content
of metal.
Minerals do not occur near the surface of the
Earth.
The extraction of minerals from the Earths depth
is known as MINING.
A MINE is an opened-up hole on the surface of the
Earth to extract minerals from the depth of the
Earth.
Mines are of TWO
kinds.
Opencast Deep shaft
Minerals that lie at small depth can be taken out by
removing the surface layer . This is OPEN CAST
mining.
Shaft Mining is used for taking out the minerals
that lie at great depths.
Minerals like gold, diamond and iron are extracted
from OPENCAST mines.
Usually OIL, NATURAL GAS and COAL are
extracted from DEEP SHAFT mines.
OPENCAST mines are also known as QUARRIES.
QUARRIES are usually used for mining stones,
marble, granite etc.
All the minerals are found in rocks on the Earth.
Some are found in igneous, some in sedimentary
and some in metamorphic rocks.
Generally metallic minerals are found in igneous
and metamorphic rocks, because they are directly
formed as a result of solidification of MAGMA.
Usually SEDIMENTARY rocks contain non-metallic
minerals like limestone.
Mineral fuels such as petroleum are also found in
sedimentary rocks.
China and India have large iron ore deposits
The two countries produce more than half of the
worlds tin.
China leads in the production of lead and tungsten
etc.
Asia ha s good deposit of manganese, bauxite,
nickel zinc and copper too.
Leading producer of iron ore in the world after
China.
Russia, Ukraine, Sweden, and France
Deposits of copper, lead, zinc, manganese and
nickel
Mineral deposits in three zones.
Minerals in North
America
Canadian
Shield
Appalachian
Region
Western
Cordilleras
Brazil produces high grade iron
Chile and Peru produce copper
Deposits of gold, silver, zinc, chromium,
manganese, bauxite, mica, platinum, asbestos and
diamond
Petroleum is found in Venezuela, Argentina, Chile,
Peru and Columbia.
Rich in mineral resources
Largest producer of diamonds, gold and platinum
South Africa, Zimbabwe and Zaire produce gold
Copper, iron ore, chromium, uranium, cobalt,
bauxite
Petroleum is found in Nigeria, Libya and Angola
Largest producer of bauxite
Leading producer of gold, diamond, iron ore, tin,
nickel, copper, lead, zinc & manganese
Kalgoorlie & Coolgardie areas have largest
deposits of gold