PRESENTED BY:

SITI ZAYANI
NURUL AMIRA
NUR AZLINDA
NOOR HIDAYAH
GRACE NG
LEGEND
A very old story or set of stories from ancient times, or the
stories, not always true, that people tell about a famous
event or person.
(Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary)

McKay & Dudley said that legend is a story based on the
life of a real person in which events are depicted larger
than life.
(as cited by Wickham,2013)

LEGEND
Is a semi-true story
Has been passed on from person-to-
person
Has important meaning or symbolism for the culture in
which it originates.
Usually includes -an element of truth/
-based on historic facts, but
with 'mythical qualities'.
Usually involve heroic characters or fantastic places
and often encompass the spiritual beliefs of the culture
in which they originate.
Source :http://myths.e2bn.org/teachers/info311-what-are-myths-
legends-and-folktales.html
WHAT IS A PARABLE?
parable: comes from the
Greek

word parabolee.
In the Greek para means beside,
ballo means to cast or throw.

Parable means to cast beside.

Source : http://www.simplybible.com.au/f663-what-is-a-parable-
defined.htm
DEFINITION OF PARABLE
A parable is an illustrative story, by which a familiar
idea is cast beside an unfamiliar idea in such a way
that the comparison helps people to better
understand and grasp the unfamiliar idea.
Source : http://www.simplybible.com.au/f663-what-is-a-parable-
defined.htm
PARABLES
A short simple story which teaches or explains an idea,
especially a moral or religious idea.
(Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary)

McKay & Dudley said that parable is a fictitious story
told to point to a moral
(as cited by Wickham,2013)

PARABLES
Parables are plausible stories with plausible characters (no
talking rocks, no magic) that are not presented as true.

TYPES OF PARABLES
Similes
Similitude
Extended Comparisons
Narrative Parables
Example Stories
Non-Christian Parables
CHARACTERS.
Never are more than 2 groups or persons
together in the same scene.
Focus mainly on the human


SETTING
TIME
Not necessarily based on an historic event,
though it could have happened

PLACE

COMMUNITY
Contains familiar daily experiences. This helps
the listener to identify and relate to the story


PLOT
They are stories told in a clear, concise and simple
way

Parables contain unusual expectations at the end of
the story.

Reversing conclusion to the story that is contrary to
their expectation to provoke a change of thought or
action in the audience's philosophy.



Read more : http://www.ehow.com/list_7149817_characteristics-
parable.html
MORAL VALUES
Have moral predicaments that demand
decisions. The decisions made by the
characters, whether good or bad, are
revealed and the consequences of their
actions given.
Parables illustrate a moral or religious
principle.


Read more :
http://www.ehow.com/list_7149817_characteristics-
parable.html
EXAMPLES OF PARABLE
STORIES
The Obstacle in our Path - Teaches that removing an obstacle
can be a way to improvement
The Story of the Butterfly - Shows that sometimes we need
struggles to grow
The Brick - Teaches that going too fast can have bad
consequences
Frog in a Milk Pail - Shows that the frog never gave up and
eventually got out of the pail
3 Frogs - Asks if three frogs were on a log and one decided to
jump, how many were left. The answer is three because the
frog only made a decision but did not take action.
The River - Shows the importance of stopping something at the
source rather than at the end results.

PARABLES FOR CHILDREN
Parable of the Lost Sheep.mpg.FLV
Parable of Lost Coin.mp4.FLV
Parable of the Talents.FLV
Parable of the Sower-Seed.mov.FLV
The Story of Three Frogs - Christian Inspirational
Motivational Video.FLV

LEGENDS

A legend is usually based on a true event in the past.
THEME

Legends employ many of the typical themes of traditional
stories:

good and evil
friend and foe
magic
the supernatural
rich and poor/rags to riches/riches to rags
wise and foolish
strong and weak
just and unjust
PLOT AND CHARACTER
Legends are about people and their actions or deeds.
The people lived in more recent times and are
mentioned in history.
Include mythical beings and supernatural events, their
narrative spine is more closely connected to the real
world of human history.
Focuses on an individual character, a cultural hero or a
person respected and remembered .For example:
Jason, King Arthur, Robin Hood, William Tell, Roland.
And also legends about places .For Example:
Atlantis, Shangri-La
STRUCTURE AND STYLE
Structure is usually episodic, as in the phases of a journey
over several years or the stages of a great battle.
Some legends tell the entire life story of their hero as a
series of linked episodes, as in the King Arthur stories.
Common structures include:
chronological episodes;
journey stories;
sequential stories;
life stories and community histories.
Use a more literary style than fairy tales or fables.
For example:

rich, evocative vocabulary
memorable language use
use of rhythm and repetition techniques
formulaic openings and endings
imagery: simile, metaphor and symbolism.
MORAL VALUES
Convey meaning about the way we live our
lives that make them relevant and
interesting across cultures and time
EXAMPLE
The character and deeds of Robin Hood
may have been based on someone else.
Robin of Loxley lived in Nottinghamshire
around the time of the story, and he did
help the poor. But did he live in Nottingham
forest with a band of robbers? Probably not,
but helping other people is important and
the legend hasnt been forgotten.
http://www.ehow.com/list_7149817_characteristics-
parable.html
http://www.teachfind.com/national-strategies/legends-
more-specific-features
http://www.planetozkids.com/oban/what-are-
legends.htm
Examples of Legends


El Dorado




Atlantis



Excerpts of the stories/ short clips
the origins of El Dorado lie deep in South America. And
like all enduring legends, the tale of El Dorado contains
some scraps of truth. When Spanish explorers reached
South America in the early 16th century, they heard stories
about a tribe of natives high in the Andes mountains in what
is now Colombia. When a new chieftain rose to power, his
rule began with a ceremony at Lake Guatavita. Accounts of
the ceremony vary, but they consistently say the new ruler
was covered with gold dust, and that gold and precious
jewels were thrown into the lake to appease a god that lived
underwater.The Spaniards started calling this golden chief
El Dorado, "the gilded one.

http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/archaeo
logy/el-dorado/

From the movie The Road to El Dorado

Plato told the story of Atlantis around 360 B.C. The
founders of Atlantis, he said, were half god and half
human. They created a utopian civilization and became
a great naval power. Their home was made up of
concentric islands separated by wide moats and linked
by a canal that penetrated to the centre. The lush
islands contained gold, silver, and other precious metals
and supported an abundance of rare, exotic wildlife.
There was a great capital city on the central island

http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/archaeology
/atlantis/
Excerpt from Timaeus by Plato

For it is related in our records how once upon a time your State
stayed the course of a mighty host, which,
, was insolently advancing to attack the
whole of Europe, and Asia to boot. For the ocean there was at that
time navigable;
and it was possible for the
travelers of that time to cross from it to the other islands, and from
the islands to the whole of the continent over against them which
. For all that we have here, lying
within the mouth of which we speak, is evidently a haven having a
narrow entrance; but that yonder is a real ocean, and the land
surrounding it may most rightly be called, in the fullest and truest
sense, a continent.
From the movie Atlantis: The Lost Empire