What is 'Pronunciation'?

Pronunciation is a broad term used to

describe a number of aspects of producing
the appropriate sounds in the language
targeted.
Most people think it refers to only the
separate, identifiable sounds of words, but it
covers more than just that.
Not only the sounds, there are also the
sentence tunes, and the use of pitch and
loudness to indicate importance or strong
feeling.
The pronunciation of inflations
1. The sound of the inflections
The most common inflections in English are
the conjugations and plural-singular forms or
nouns, possessive forms. This section will
focus on the sound changes caused by the
inflectional suffixes -ed and -s or -es.

2. Below is the rule for predicting the sound
changes of -ed:
If ed is added to the consonants /d/ or /t/, it
should be pronounced as
[d]. If ed is added to any other voiced
consonant, it should be
pronounced as [d]; while if to any other
voiceless consonant, it should
be pronounced as [t]. (see epenthesis)

The pronunciation of the
inflections ending with ed
-[ed] -[d] -[t]
1. treated 1. dreamed 1. heaped
2. needed 2. trimmed 2. tipped
3. faded 3. stayed 3. baked
4. hated 4. begged 4. fetched
5. patted 5. stabbed 5. laughed
Sentences
1. I started to get excited when I was asked
to sing with her.
2. The man showed his ticket and walked
into the gate.

3. The rule for predicting the sound changes
of -s or -es:
There are four situations that s or es will
be needed in English.
1. s or es make inflected forms of plural
nouns,
2. s or es make inflected forms of singular
verbs,
3. s makes possessive forms of nouns or
pronouns, and
4. s serves as part of an abbreviations.

For the first two situations, if the
pronunciation of the root form of the noun or
the verb ends with sibilant sounds like /s/,
/z/, /N/, /I/, /tN/, /dI/, and there is no silent
e to end the spelling, es will be added to
the root noun form to make the plural
inflection and to the root verb form to make
the singular inflection. In other cases, s will
be required for both inflections. For example:
(See epenthesis)
The pronunciation of root forms ending with
sibilant sounds

Nouns Verbs
Root Plural Root Singular
Boss Bosses
Buzz Buzzes
Watch Watches
Fish Fishes
Kiss Kisses
Quiz Quizzes
Catch Catches
Watch Watches
Sentences
1. My bosss wife is 20 years younger than
he is.
2. Its not mine. Its someone elses.
3. Georges brother is an interesting guy.
4. As for the pronunciation, there are also
simple rules below:
1. s is pronounced as [s] if it follows a
voiceless consonant other than the sibilant,
2. s is pronounced as [z] if it follows a vowel
or a voiced consonant other than the sibilant,
3. s or es is pronounced as [z] or [z] if it
follows a sibilant sound /s/, /z/, /N/, /I/, /tN/, /dI/.

5 The ending clusters of [dz] and [ts]
-[dz] -[ts]
Seeds Seats
Kids Minutes
Trades Roommates
Beds Pets
Nodes Hats
Sentences
1. He hates those kids and hits them every
day.
2. Lots of my classmates stayed less than
ten minutes.

What is enunciation?
1... to make a clear statement of (ideas,
beliefs, etc.)
2... to pronounce words or parts of words
clearly
Enunciation is a vital part of speaking clearly.
No one will understand what you're saying if
you run your words together and mumble.
This is especially important for actors, public
speakers, singers, and anyone who must
communicate verbally with others on a regular
basis.

Feel the words projecting from your voice
box, the vibrations music to other peoples'
ears!
Read on if you want to have your words
jumping out of your throat in vibrancy!

How to enunciate (11 steps)
1. Prepare your vocal chords. This is
important. As with all exercise, if you don't
warm up first, you may damage yourself.
2. Practice, practice, practice. This is the
only way to truly learn to articulate words
clearly.

3. Follow this pattern. "Bah Baw (there is a
difference between 'ah and 'aw') Bay Beh Bee
Bih BI(long 'i' sound) Boo BO(long 'o' sound)
Buh Byoo" and repeat with every consonant.
This helps your mouth become accustomed to
forming each consonant/vowel pairing.
Note: Often, not all vowel sounds are
actually used because some sound very
alike.

4. Use tongue twisters and try to articulate
them correctly.
5. Open up a book and read out loud, being
sure to articulate every sound clearly so that
you can be heard. In fact, read this article out
loud as you are reading through it. It may help
to set up a recorder a bit away from you and
record yourself. Increase the distance and try
to keep your speech just as clear.

6. Speak slowly and steadily. If you rush,
you are much more likely to slur your words.
7.Open your mouth. Don't be afraid to show
your teeth (literally). Be sure to take care of
your teeth so you won't be afraid to open
your mouth wide.

8. Keep your tongue down. Unless you're
using your tongue to produce a certain sound,
keep it 'glued' to the inside edge of your lower
front teeth. This lets more sound escape your
mouth.
9. Lift up your soft palate. That's the soft part
in the back of the roof of your mouth. You will
let more sound escape your mouth by doing
so.

10. Stand up straight. This allows you to
breathe better. Sound is created by the air
being forced out of your lungs, so the clearer
your breathing, the clearer your speech.

11. Put a pen, pencil or some kind of stick
(chopstick will work) in your mouth and perform
all the speaking drills--tongue twisters, step 3,
etc. By making your tongue work much harder
and working around a physical speech
impediment, enunciating will be much easier
when you are speaking normally without any
obstruction in the way of your speaking.

What Is the Difference between
Enunciation and Pronunciation?
Pronunciation Enunciation
Practice which helps to
speak words correctly.
Act of speaking English
concisely and clearly.