SEAL

Types of Seal
A. Static
No relative movement between sealing
surfaces.

B. Dynamic
Relative movement between sealing
surfaces.
Static Seal
Gaskets
O-Ring
Sealants
Dynamic Seal
Gland Packing
Rod Packing
Labyrinths
Mechanical Seal
Dry Gas Seal
Seals
Gasket
Flows into the imperfections under Bolt Loading
Closes all the Paths of Leakage
Properties of Gasket Material
Should not be porous to the fluid being sealed
Good compressibility
Withstand Effects of Temperatures and
Pressures
Chemical Resistance
Should withstand the Compressive load
Ease of Maintenance
Gasket Materials
A. Non Metallic (Soft)
Paper, Rubber, Cork, Elastomers, Fibrous materials
PTFE, Grafoil, Ceramic, Nylon, Leather, Mica, etc.

B. Metallic
Copper, Aluminum, Iron, Stainless Steels, Titanium, Monel,
Inconel, Hastolly, etc.

C. Composite
Combination of both Metallic and Non-metallic
Spiral Wound Gasket
Metal Clad Gaskets
Soft filler material jacketed in a metal strip.
Excellent compressibility under light bolting loads.
Excellent suitability where sealing areas are very narrow.
Available in different combinations.
Suitable for high temperature and pressure applications

Classified as
1. Jacketed Gaskets
2. Corrugated gaskets


Jacketed Gasket
Corrugated Gasket
Solid Metal Gaskets
Flat Metallic Gaskets
Kammprofile Gaskets
RTJ Gaskets
Lens Gaskets
Flat Metal Gasket
Valve Bonnet Gaskets
Tongue and Groove Flange gaskets
Pipe Fittings
Heat Exchanger Gaskets
Kammprofile Gasket
Machined Solid Metal Gasket for High pressure and
Temperature applications .
Used mostly in screwed fittings.

Ring Type Joint (RTJ) Gaskets
Circular ring type gaskets with Circular, Oval, Octagonal, diamond cross-sections.
Matching grooves are machined onto the flange seating surfaces.
Primarily developed for Oil fields for High pressure and temperature requirements.

Lens Gaskets
Solid metal gasket with curvature on the Seating surface.
Seating flange is machined to an angle of 20 for line contact
Best for High Pressure pipe assemblies

Types of Flanges
Flat Flanges Raised Face & Lapped Flanges
Male & Female
Flanges (RM & RF)
Large Male & Female
Flanges (LM & LF)
Grooved Flanges (RTJ)
Earlier method of Rotary Sealing
Disadvantages of Packing Seal
Leakage
Sleeve/Shaft wear
Excessive friction and power loss
Cant be used in case of hazardous substances must.
Increased down time due to frequent packing replacements
Parts of Simple Mechanical Seal
Leakage paths in Mechanical Seals
1
4
2
3
Advantages of Mechanical Seal
Reduced friction and hence power losses.
Elimination of wear on Shaft or Shaft sleeve
Zero or controlled leakage over a long period
Relatively insensitive to shaft deflection or end play
Can be used for hazardous & toxic fluids.
Freedom from periodic Maintenance.

Disadvantages :
High initial cost
Requires services of expert personnel.
Calls for employment of good flushing methods

Types of Mechanical Seal
A. Classification by design:
A1.Spring design
A1.1. Single Spring, A1.2. Multiple Spring
A2.Balancing
A2.1. Unbalanced, A2.2. Balanced
B. Classification by arrangement:
B1. Single Seal
B1.1.Inside , B1.2.Outside
B2.Double Seal
B2.1.Back to Back, B2.2. Tandem

Unbalanced Seal
High closing force developed by fluid pressure.
Limited use because of the high friction.
Used only in low pressure applications.
They are used for pressures below 10 bar.
Balanced Seal
Low closing force.
Thus the life of the mating faces is enhanced
Can be used for any stuffing box pressure.
Single Inside Seal
Inside Seal Outside Seal
Double Seal (Face to Face)
Seals are arranged in Rotary-Static-Static-Rotary Fashion.
Failure of one Seal does not affect the performance.
Double Seal (Tandem)
Seals are arranged in Series fashion.

Failure of one Seal does not affect the performance
Seal Flush Plans
To be continued
Seal Flush Plans
To be continued
Seal Flush Plans
To be continued
Seal Flush Plans