Infrastructure

Development
Sector
 Objectives of the
Session
1. Deeper appreciation of the importance
and core concerns of the infrastructure
and physical development sector;
INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT 2. satisfactory level of knowledge about the
SECTOR
various methodologies for infrastructure
and physical development sector
analysis; and

3. Enhanced skills in using such

methodologies in infrastructure sector
analysis, planning and development

2
 Outline of Presentation
1. Review of the scope and concerns of the
Infrastructure and Physical Development
Sectors

INFRASTRUCTUR 2. Data Requirements and Suggested / Possible

E DEVELOPMENT Sources of Data
SECTOR

3. Methodologies and procedures / criteria for:

a. Assessing existing infrastructures

i. Minimum standards
ii. Indicative locational criteria

b. Determining adequacy/appropriateness
3
 Core Concerns of the
Infrastructure & Physical
Development Sector
The infrastructure and physical
development sector should:
 
INFRASTRUCTUR ensure that the desired urban form or the preferred spatial
E DEVELOPMENT strategy be utilized as the organizing concept for locating
SECTOR infrastructure projects; and

see to it that land and water use zoning shall take into
consideration the following:

 social and economic functions of intended uses

 potential hazards posed by the environment upon

future uses.

4
 INFRASTRUCTURE and
PHYSICAL
DEVELOPMENT
SECTOR
in·fra·struc·ture [ínfrə strùkchər]
INFRASTRUCTUR (plural in·fra·struc·tures) noun
E DEVELOPMENT
SECTOR
-public services or systems: the large-
scale public systems, services, and facilities
of a country or region that are necessary for
economic activity, including power and water
supplies, public transportation,
telecommunications, roads, and schools

-Microsoft® Encarta® 2007. © 

5
 INFRASTRUCTURE
SECTOR
in·fra·struc·ture 

- Access Infrastructure: the large-scale
INFRASTRUCTUR public systems, services, and facilities of a
E DEVELOPMENT
SECTOR country or region that are necessary for
economic activity, including power and water
supplies, public transportation,
telecommunications, roads
 
- Public Service: (Social Sector)Schools,
Hospitals, Police Stations, Sports
Complex…

6
 Infrastructure : Data
Requirements

INFRASTRUCTUR
A.Transport
E DEVELOPMENT
SECTOR Infrastructure
B.Communications
C.Utilities
D.Environmental
Control
7
 A. Transport
Infrastructure
Classification of Roads
Classification of Road
Networks
Data Requirements
INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT  Road Traffic Data
SECTOR
 Other Road Transport
Facilities
 Data Requirements for
assessment of roads
 Inventory of Bridges
 Railroad Network
 Ports and Wharves 8
 Classification of Road

By Administrative
INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT Jurisdiction
SECTOR

By Function

By Type of Pavement

9
 CLASSIFICATION OF ROADS

By administrative jurisdiction
1. National - connect two or more regions
2. Provincial - significant only in one province
3. City/ municipal - mainly found in urban
INFRASTRUCTUR centers or poblacions
E DEVELOPMENT
SECTOR 4. Farm-to-market road
a. Provincial feeder roads – secondary
agricultural roads connecting main
agricultural areas with roads of higher
category
b. Barangay roads – minor roads connecting
agricultural areas to town centers
c. Development roads – secondary and feeder
roads longer than existing feeder roads,
usually more than 20 kms.
10
By Administrative
Function
 CLASSIFICATION OF ROADS

By function 1.Arterial – connects one town to the next

2.Distributor – connects one arterial to
another
3.Collector – connects an arterial to
development areas
INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT
4.Local – services a limited local area only,
SECTOR e.g. subdivision streets

By type of 1.Concrete
pavement 2.Asphalt
3.Gravel
4.Earth / sandfill
 Classification of
Road Networks
INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT
SECTOR By Function

By Construction
Standard

13
            Classification of Road Networks

By function 1. Circumferential (loop) route

2. Radial (crosstown) roads
3. Connector – connects two or more of
the above
INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT
SECTOR
By construction
1.Expressway – full access control; no
standard
intersection at grade

2.Major arterials – limited control of access

3.Secondary street system – connectors

between local streets and higher order
streets

14
 Access Infrastructure
Data Requirements
A. Transport Infrastructure
Road traffic data

Traffic volumes on specified road sections

INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT
Inventory of nodes servicing the area
SECTOR Identified traffic problems, e.g., congestion,
accidents
Other road transport facilities
Bus, jeepney terminals
Loading and unloading zones
Parking zones (on-street/ off-street)
Pedestrian service facilities (waiting sheds, stree
lights, pedestrian crossing, etc.)
Tricycles and non-motorized modes
15
 Road Traffic Data
Name of LGU Lucena City
Location: C.M. Recto St.
Station: 000 + 050 - 000+ 155
Nodes servicing the area 1. Recto St.
2. Quezon Avenue
Date June 2, 2009

Traffic Volume Time Remarks

123 7-8 am  
89 8-9 am 1 accident
45 9-10 am  
200 10-11 am congestion
98 11-12 am Heavy rains cause
flooding in the area 
Road Traffic Data
Incidents of Road Accident

For the month of May 2009

Component Parts of a Temporary
Traffic Control Zone
MUTCD, Figure 6C-1
Other road transport
facilities
FACILITIES NUMBER REMARKS
TERMINALS    
  BUS    
  JEEPS    
  TRICYCLE    
  OTHERS    
ZONES    
  LOADING    
  UNLOADING    
PARKING    
  ON-STREET    
  OFF-STREET    
PED SERV FACILITIES    
  WAITING SHEDS    
  STREET LIGHTS    
  PED XING    
  OTHERS    
VOLUME OF    
  TRICYCLES    
  NON-MOTORIZED    
 OTHER ROAD TRANSPORT FACILITIES
DESCRIPTION NUMBER
1 TERMINALS BUS  
JEEPNEYS  
FX  
2 LOADING/UNLOADIN LOADING  
G ZONES UNLOADING  
3 PARKING ON-STREET  
OFF-STREET  
4 PEDESTRIAN WAITING SHEDS  
SERVICE FACILITIES STREET LIGHTS  
PEDESTRIAN  
CROSSING
5 TRICYCLES    
6 OTHER MOTORIZED    
MODES
7 OTHERS    
 Access Infrastructure: Data
Requirements
A. Transport Infrastructure
Data requirements for assessment of roads:
Road length by type of road Road right-of-way
(ROW in meters); carriageway (CW in meters)
INFRASTRUCTUR Type of pavement (length in kilometres)
E DEVELOPMENT Condition of road – surface, sidewalks, drainage,
SECTOR
etc.
Inventory of Bridges

Name and location

Length (lineal meters)
Width (m)
Construction material (wood, concrete, steel,
etc.)
General conditions (passable, non-passable)

22
 Data Requirements for
the assessment of roads:
Road        

Station LENGTH RROW CW TYPE OF PAVEMENTCONDITION

        Concrete, Asphalt,  
Gravel and Earth
         
         
 Inventory of Bridges
Name Location Lengt Width Type Construction Classification Conditio
h
Materials n
Brgy LGU Perman Tempor Concre Wood Steel Other Natio Munic Brgy Other Passb Non-
ent ary te s nal pal s le Passb
/City le

                                 

                                 

                                 

                                 

                                 

                                 
 Access Infrastructure: Data
Requirements
A. Transport Infrastructure
Railroad Network

INFRASTRUCTUR  Rail transport * inter-connection with other modes

E DEVELOPMENT  Light rail transport * schedules of departure and
SECTOR arrival
* origins/ destinations
Ports and Wharves

Class or type, name, location

Capacity of passenger and cargo handling
General condition of facilities
Inter-modal connection
 Ports and Wharves

NAME LOCATION CLASS TYPE CAPACITY CONDITIO INTERMODAL

N CONNECTION

MAX. NO. OF CARGO

PASSENGERS

               

               

               
 Airport

NAME LOCATION CLASS TYPE CAPACITY CONDITIO INTERMODAL

N CONNECTION

MAX. NO. OF CARGO

PASSENGERS

               

               

               
 Access Infrastructure: Data
Requirements
A. Transport Infrastructure
Airports
Class, type, name and location
Capacity of passenger and cargo handling
INFRASTRUCTUR General condition
E DEVELOPMENT Inter-modal connection
SECTOR
B. Communications
Assessment of inadequacy in terms of:

 Number/capacity of facilities in relation to

total population or volume of transaction
 Areas served/ unserved by the facility
 Efficiency/ inefficiency of the service
measured by delays, losses and frequency of
breakdown of facility
28
 ASSESSMENT OF INADEQUACY
LGU ________________________________________

POPULATION __________________________________

FACILITIES CAPACITY AREAS EFFICIENCY REMARKS

SERVED UNSERVED DELAYS LOSSES FREQUENCY OF

BREAKDOWN

1                

2                

3                

4                

5                

6                

7                
 B.
Communication
s
Assessment of
INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT inadequacy
SECTOR

Minimum standards
Indicative criteria for
locating areas where
future facilities are
needed 30
 Minimum standards

One telephone station per municipality

One telegraphic transfer per municipality
One telex station per selected settlements
One international communication sub-
INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT station for every metropolitan, regional, sub-
SECTOR regional and major urban center
One post office per municipality
One letter carrier per 5,000 population
One telephone subscriber for every five (5)
urban households

31
LGU _____________________________

POPULATION_______________________

NO. OF HOUSEHOLDS ________________

FACILITIES/PERSONNEL MINIMUM STANDARD ACTUAL NUMBER

Telephone Station 1/LGU  

Telegraphic Transfer 1/LGU  

Telex Station 1/Selected Settlements  

International Communication Sub station 1/ Every Metropolitan,Regional,  

Sub-regional and Major Urban
Center

Post Office 1/LGU  

Letter Carrier 1/5000 Pop  

Telephone Subscriber 1/Every 5 Urban HH  

 Infrastructure: Data
Requirements
B. Communications
Indicative criteria for locating areas
where future facilities are needed

INFRASTRUCTUR Nearness to the network centers

E DEVELOPMENT Predominance of economic establishments
SECTOR
High rate of population increase
Increasing average household income
Areas not currently served
Presence of similar firms in the area

33
Indicative criteria for locating areas where future
facilities are needed

PROPOSED FACILITY NEARNESS TO PREDOMINAN HIGH RATE INCREASIN AREAS SIMILAR REMARKS
THE NETWORK CE OF OF G AVERAGE CURREN FIRMS
CENTERS ECONOMIC POPULATIO HOUSEHOL TLY IN THE
ESTABLISHME N INCREASE D INCOME SERVED AREA
NTS

               

               

               
 C.
Utilities
INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT
1.Water Supply
SECTOR

2.Power Supply

35
 1. Water Supply
Assessment of
INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT
demand
SECTOR

Assessment of
supply

36
 1.Water Supply
The planner’s central concern is to determine
whether the current and future water
requirements of the population are/ will be
adequately met.

INFRASTRUCTUR Assessment of demand

E DEVELOPMENT
SECTOR
Current and projected population
Number of connections served by the
water system by type of consumer
Number of households served by type of
water supply (other than the Level III water
system)

 Level II – communal source

 Level I – point source
 Level III – individual household served
37
 Assessment of demand….
Other water sources utilized not included in
the above
Total water consumption by type of
consumer (compare with LWUA standard
requirements)
INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT
SECTOR
 Residential – 50 to 200 lcpd (rural);
107 to 250 lcpd (urban)
 Commercial – 1.00 to 130
cumd/connection
 Industrial – 85 to 260 cumd/hectare of
industrial floor space
 Institutional – 3 to 4.50
cumd/connection
38
 Water Supply
Assessment of supply
Description of water system
Source of water (rain, surface, ground)
Capacity of source (liters per second)

INFRASTRUCTUR Kind, size and length, condition of pipes

E DEVELOPMENT Existing distribution systems and network (show in
SECTOR map location of main, reservoir, pumping station,
treatment facilities, tanks, other hydraulic structures)
Minimum/ maximum daily capacity of pumping
stations
Existing and proposed water rates
Other potential sources
Location and description of untapped potential water sources
(groundwater, lakes and swamps, reservoirs)

39
 2. Power Supply
Capacity and
INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT
condition of existing
SECTOR
facilities

Service area/
Distribution and
existing condition
40
 2. Power supply
The planner’s main concern
include the following:

Capacity and condition of existing facilities

INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT
1.Facilities and equipment which are either
SECTOR lacking or cannot adequately cope with present
and future demand
2.Obsolete facilities needing rehabilitation or
replacement
3.Site distribution problems
4.Maintenance problems

41
 CAPACITY AND CONDITION OF EXISTING FACILITIES

Either Lacking of cannot adequately cope with present and future demand
Facilities/Equipment Capacity Estimated Condition Remarks
Demand
 
in 5 yrs in 10 yrs
           
           

Obsolete facilities needing rehabilitation

Facilities/Equipment Capacity Condition Rehabilitation Remarks
Cost
           
           

Site Distribution Problems

Facilities/Equipment Capacity Conditions Problems Remarks

           
           

Maintenance Problems
Facilities/Equipment Capacity Conditions Problems Remarks

           
           
 C. Utilities
2. Power supply

Service area / Distribution and existing connections

Areas served/ unserved (by barangay)

INFRASTRUCTUR Households still unserved
E DEVELOPMENT Service distribution map showing:
SECTOR
 Areas where power lines may not be
economically feasible to put up due to
topographical constraints
 Centers of development where facilities
are either lacking or inadequate, poorly
maintained or non-existent
 Areas not yet served but could be
serviced through existing primary lines
 Areas where power problems are most
pronounced
43
 SERVICE AREA/ DISTRIBUTION AND EXISTING CONNECTIONS

AREAS (By Brgy) SERVED  

UNSERVED  

NO. OF HOUSEHOLDS SERVED  

UNSERVED  

SERVICE DISTRIBUTION MAP

* Areas where power lines may not be  
economically feasible to put up due to  
topographical constraints  

* center of development where facilities  

are either lacking or inadquates, poorly  
maintained or non -existent  

* Areas not yet served but could be ser-  

viced through existing primary lines  

* Areas where power problems are most  

pronounced  

POTENTIAL ENERGY SOURCES WHICH ARE LEFT UNTAPPED

@ Solar Energy  
@ Water (Mini-Hydro, ocean, current/waves)  
@ Bio-gas  

RETAIL RATE SCHEDULE  

MANAGEMENT OF THE SYSTEM  

EFFICIENCY OF THE SYSTEM  

 Infrastructure: Data
Requirements
2. Power supply……..
Potential energy sources which are left
untapped
 Solar energy
 Water (mini-hydro, ocean current/waves)
 Bio-gas
INFRASTRUCTUR Retail rate schedule – affordable vs. viable
E DEVELOPMENT
SECTOR Management of the system – private vs. public
Efficiency of the system – capacity and speed
in responding to actual needs and/ or
complaints of consumers; frequency of power
fluctuations, interruptions, etc. Wind power

45
 D.
ENVIRONMEN
TAL CONTROL
INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT
Definitions
SECTOR
Inventory of existing
conditions
Identifications of current
problems and needs
Formulate questions for
decision making 46
 D. Environmental Control
Drainage and Sewerage

Drainage or storm sewers collect and carry rain or

surface water to some natural water course or body of
water in such a way as to prevent flooding.
INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT
SECTOR Sewerage of sanitary sewers collect sewage from
buildings by a network that begins with the building
plumbing system to lateral or street sewers, then to
branch or trunk sewers, and finally, to main or
interceptor sewers.

47
Definitions – From the Clean
Water Act
Republic Act 9275
Sewage: “ water-bourne human or animal wastes
removed from residences, buildings, institutions,
industrial and commercial establishments together with
such groundwater, surface water and storm water.”
liquid and solid waste carried off in sewers or drains or
the wastewater from buildings.
Septage: “The sludge produced on individual osite
wastewater-disposal systems, principally septic tanks
and cesspools.” The contents of septic tanks.
Sewerage:” A network of pipelines, ditches, channels
including pumping stations and force mains, service
connections including other devices for the collection,
transport, and treatment of sewage.”
 Drainage and Sewerage

Inventory of existing conditions

Describe natural drainage pattern using
topography and slope
Describe the hydro-geologic
INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT characteristics
SECTOR
Description of the existing drainage
network, in terms of design capacity,
service area, equipment, personnel. If no
established network exists, describe
behavior or flow of run-off water
Description of the sewerage system, if
any

49
 Drainage and Sewerage

Identification of current problems and needs

Flood-prone areas, flood occurrence and

INFRASTRUCTUR impact on crops, property and life
E DEVELOPMENT
SECTOR Contamination of surface water bodies
Bottlenecks and obstructions of drainage
network
Maintenance and operations problems

50
 Drainage and Sewerage

Formulate questions for decision making

What is the present type of system and should it be

continued or changed? (Combined vs. Separate)
INFRASTRUCTUR
How thoroughly must present sewage be treated? (raw vs.
E DEVELOPMENT
SECTOR treated)

Are there any special industrial or hazardous sewage

handling problems? Should there be centralized or
individualized STP?

Should the policy of utility accommodation in common

easement be adopted?

51
 Infrastructure: Data Requirements

Assessment of Local 
Administrative Complex
Provincial Level
- Capitol Compound
INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT
SECTOR
City/ Municipal Level
– City/ Municipal Hall Complex

52
 SIGNIFICAN
CE
INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT
• FUNCTIONAL
SECTOR
USE

• SYMBOLIC USE

53
 Significance
Functional Use - houses the local government
offices and (optional) national government agencies

Is the space allocated to the different offices

adequate (for the government functionary and
for the comfort and convenience of its
INFRASTRUCTUR clientele?)
E DEVELOPMENT
SECTOR
Is the space allocation equitable? Or does it
reflect a bias for certain functions and offices?

Is there a rational clustering of offices so that

transaction flow is efficient and convenient for the
public?

Are offices accessible and easy to find? Are there

facilities for the handicapped? Very young? Elderly?

54
 Symbolic Use – establishes the image
of the city/ municipality that inspires a
sense of pride in the residents and a
sense of place to visitors

Is the city/ municipal hall give the

prominence it deserve as the center
INFRASTRUCTUR of secular authority in terms of:
E DEVELOPMENT
SECTOR
 Location in relation to the
hierarchy of administrative
centers
 Uniqueness in architectural
design
 Position in the over-all urban
fabric

55
 Symbolic Use…….

Are there provisions for the cultural and

civic education of the general public, such as:

INFRASTRUCTUR  Freedom parks and open space

E DEVELOPMENT
SECTOR  Historical artefacts and memorabilia
 Public library and museum

56
 SIGNIFICANCE

FUNCTIONAL USE SYMBOLIC USE

  YES NO   YES NO
Is the space allocated to the    Is the LGU hall give the prominence it  
different offices adequate? deserve as the center of secular
authority in terms of:

Is the space allocation    @ Location in relation to the   

equitable? Or does it reflect heirarchy of administrtive centers
a bias for certain functions
and offices?

Is there a rational clustering    @ Uniqueness in archetechtural   

of offices so that transaction design
flow is efficient and
convenient for the public?

Are offices accessible and    @ position in the over-all urban fabric   

easy to find?

Are there facilities for the    Are there provisions for the cultural  
handicapped? ad civic education of the general
public, such as:

Are there facilities for the    * Freedom parks and open space   
bery young?

Are there facilities for the    * Historical artefacts and   

elderly? memorabilia

      * Public Library and museum    

METHODOLOGIES/PROCEDU
RES/ CRITERIA FOR
ASSESSING THE
INFRASTRUCTURE AND
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
SECTOR
Assessing the existing Infrastructures
Determining adequacy/ appropriateness
 Methodologies/ Procedures/ Criteria for
Assessing the Infrastructure & Physical
Development Sector
 Assessing existing 
infrastructures

1. Appropriateness – This can be determined by

INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT matching the type of infrastructure available with the
SECTOR level of settlement in which it is located and with the
service area and population the facility is intended to
serve.
 
2. Adequacy – This has to do with the capacity and
quality of the infrastructure in relation to demand for its
use.

3. Level of utility – This refers to the extent to which the

facility is put to use.

61
 Methodologies/ Procedures/
Criteria for Assessing the
Infrastructure & Physical
Development Sector
 Assessing existing infrastructures
4. Accessibility – This may be understood in either of
these:
INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT
SECTOR Physical terms – This refers to either distance or
travel time, including travel cost from the user’s
point of origin
 
Design and quality of construction of the facility 
– Flashy and stylish designs and sophisticated
equipment are normally associated with high
income and high social class clientele and may
screen off the low income groups from availing of
such services and amenities.
62
 Methodologies/ Procedures/ Criteria
for Assessing the Infrastructure &
Physical Development Sector
 Determining adequacy/ appropriateness for:
Supporting the desired spatial strategy and achieving the
chosen urban form

INFRASTRUCTUR Are the roads and circulation networks properly designed,

E DEVELOPMENT i.e. the functional hierarchy is reflected in varying design
SECTOR standards?

Are there land development or redevelopment schemes?

Are the proper infrastructure support in place?

Is infrastructure development consistent with the preferred

urban form in terms of type and location?

Is infrastructure development used to influence the location

of future population and economic activities in the desired
locations?
63
 Methodologies/ Procedures/
Criteria for Assessing the
Infrastructure & Physical
Development Sector
Determining adequacy/ appropriateness for:
Supporting projected levels of food self-sufficiency and
production targets
INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT
Based on the analysis of self-sufficiency level by
SECTOR food commodity, identify production support
infrastructures such as irrigation systems and farm
to market roads, as well as post production support
facilities like grain drying, cold storage, and public
market facilities to help attain economic objectives.

Eliminating current backlogs in the provision of and

access to social services
 
Applying known service standards, determine
shortfalls in the existing school, health, welfare, olice
and fire protection, recreation, and housing stocks
against present demand?  64
 Methodologies/ Procedures/
Criteria for Assessing the
Infrastructure & Physical
Development Sector
Determining adequacy/ appropriateness for:
Upgrading the quality of services and facilities to
desired standards
INFRASTRUCTUR  
E DEVELOPMENT Are existing roads are adequate in terms of
SECTOR total length in relation to the total land area?

Are the existing roads passable during the rainy

season?

Reducing vulnerability of the local population to

environmental risks and disasters
 
Are structural measures in place to reduce
vulnerability of the population to environmental
risks?

65
 Methodologies/ Procedures/
Criteria for Assessing the
Infrastructure & Physical
Development Sector
 Determining adequacy/appropriateness for:
 Maintaining the integrity of the environment.
INFRASTRUCTUR
E DEVELOPMENT
SECTOR o Are civil works properly designed and
located to minimize the adverse impact and
degradation and to help preserve the
integrity of the environment?
 
o Are there water impoundments, river bank
stabilization and similar structures to help
modulate the fury of nature and protect it
from itself?
INFRASTRUCTUR
Thank you !!!
E DEVELOPMENT
SECTOR

Ad Majorem
Dei Gloriam