Transport System in plants

Consists of thin tubes called vascular

tissues in the roots, stem and leaves.
2 types of tissues:
1) xylem carry water and dissolves
minerals absorbed in the roots up
to stem and to the leaves.
2) phloem carry glucose, produced
by the leaves during photosynthesis,
from the leaves to all parts of the
plant.
Homework : draw figure 2.7 page 27



Cross section of root
Cross section of stem
Cross section of leaf
Transpiration
A plant in the morning.
- stem is upright.
- the leaves are well spread out.
- the cell have plenty of water.

The plant in the afternoon
when not watered.
- stem not longer upright
- the leaves are soft and they
droop or wilt.
- the cells have insufficient
water.

Transpiration
Is a process in plants in which
water lost in form of water
vapour from its leaves to the
environment.
The water vapour pass out of
the leaf through tiny pores
called stomata.
Stomata are pores or openings on the
surfaces of the leaves.
More stomata are found on the lower
epidermis of the leaf compared to the
upper epidermis.
The pore size of stomata is controlled
by guard cell.
Gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide
diffuse in and out of the leaf through
the stoma during photosynthesis and
respiration.

An open stomata .
The stomata of the plants are
normally open during the day to
allow the exchange of carbon
dioxide and oxygen.
This take place during
photosynthesis.
The opening of stomata also results
in the loss of water by
transpirations.
A closed stoma.
The stomata may be closed
on hot day to reduce the
loss of water by
transpiration.
Factors affecting the rate of
transpiration :
a. Temperature
b. Light intensity
c. Wind
d. Air moisture
a. Temperature :
Temperature increases,Transpiration
increases.

b. Light intensity
High Light intensity increases raises the
rate of transpiration, because plants carry
out photosynthesis with open stomata.

c. Wind
Wind or moving air raises the
transpiration rate.
Wind causes water to evaporate quicker
from the surface of the leaf.

d. Air moisture
Dry air increases the rate of
transpiration.
The drier the air in the
environment, the more water is
evaporated from plants.

High temperature, high light
intensity, strong wind and dry air
raise the rate of transpiration.

The Importance of transpiration to a
plant :

a)Get rid of excess water from plants.
In this way, the concentration of cell
fluid can be controlled.

b)Cool plants on hot days.
The cooling effect is obtained by
plants when excessive water is
changed into water
vapour.


c)Transport water and mineral salts
from the roots to the whole plant.
The transpiration process produces
a sucking force which helps the
absorption of water and mineral
salts by roots to rise to the other
higher parts of the plants.