Lateral Load Resisting Systems.

 Presented By : Chirag Shah

1 Frame Action Of Column and
Two-Way Slab Systems
Concrete floors in tall buildings often
consist of a two-way floor system such as a flat
slab, or a waffle system.
 Advantages
1. Optimum use of floor space
2. Relatively simple construction process
 Disadvantages
1. Generally flexible structure and lateral
deflection govern the design process.
Effective Width of flat Slab.
 The effective width of
flat slab can be used
to determine the
equivalent width of
slab.
 The effective width
depends on
1. Column aspect ratios
2. Distance between
columns
3. Thickness of flat slab.
 2 Rigid Frame
 Cast in Place Concrete Building has inherent
advantages of continuity at joints.
 Beams framing directly into columns, can be considered
rigid with the columns.
 Beams carry shear and bending moments due to lateral
loads often require additional construction depth.
 The design and detailing of joints where beams and
columns meet the special attention is required.
Behaviour of Rigid Frame
 Advantages
1. Rigid Frame systems for resisting lateral and
vertical loads have long been accepted as a
standard means of designing buildings.
because they make use of the stiffness in the
beams and columns that are required in any case
to carry the gravity loads.
 Limitation
1. Rigid Frames are not Stiff as compared to shear
wall.
2. Excessive depth of girder required to make the
rigid frame economical.
 Disadvantages
3 Rigid Frame with Haunch
Girder
Uses
 When the Structure is of tube type and the adjacent
distance between two columns are 40ft then the
beam depth required is much more and this beam is
called haunch beams.
 If the depth of haunch beam is more then 3 ft then
the posttensioning is used.
 A haunch girder with more depth give the required
stiffness for lateral loads without having to increase
the floor to floor height.
 This is achieved by making the mid section of the
girder flush with the floor system.
4 Shear Walls

 The elevator shafts, stairwells necessary for

access in a high rise must be protected by
fire walls, as demanded by fire safety
regulation.
 It makes sense to exploit them in improving
the building rigidity.
 With their highly resistance to shear stress,
are highly suitable for assuming the shear
forces that arise through lateral loads.
Classification of Shear Walls

 Classification of Shear wall should be based

on following criteria.
1. Based On Shape
2. Based on dimension
3. Based on Opening
Based On Shape

1. Rectangular
2. Dumbled
3. Intersection of Two Shear Walls
Based on Dimension

 h/ l < 1 Square shear wall

 H / l > = 1 Slender Shear Wall

h
Based on Opening

 Solid
 With Opening
 Coupled Shear Walls
Failures in Shear Walls
Coupled Shear Walls

 When two or more shear walls are interconnected by a system of

beams or slabs, the total stiffness of the system exceeds the
summation of the individual wall stiffnesses because, the
connecting slab or beam restrains the individual cantilever action
by forcing the system to work as composite unit.
 used economically to resist lateral loads in building upto about 40
stories.
 However planer shear walls are only efficient lateral carieers only
in that planes hence it is necessary to provide wals in two
orthogonal directions.
Behaviour Of Couple shear
wall.
5 Shear Wall Frame
Interaction
 Most Popular System
 Broad Range of Application and has been used for 10
– stories to as high as 50 stories or even taller
building.
Rigid Frame Shear Wall
Interaction.
 Using only shear walls to
respond to lateral loads is
impractival above about
500ft.
 The lateral rigidity is gratly
improved by using not only
the shear wall system but
also the rigid frame to resist
lateral forces.
 The total deflection of the
interacting shear wall and
rigid frame systems is
obtained by superimposing
the individual models of
deformation as shown in fig.
Thank You