CELLULAR MOBILE

COMMUNICATIONS
o
A cellular mobile communications
system provides voice data and
multimedia services!
o
Used lar"e numbers o# lo$ po$er
transmitter%receiver &T'%R'( )no$n as
cell!
o
Cell si*e depends on subscribers density!
o
Cell can be split into small cell to
accommodate "ro$t+!
CELL

A cell is t+e "eo"rap+ical area covered by a

cellular telep+one transmitter!

Eac+ cell is e,uipped $it+ a lo$-po$ered radio

transmitter%receiver or Radio Base Station &RBS(!

T+e +e'a"on s+ape $as c+osen because it is t+e

most e.cient and easily mana"ed system!
Cluster
A cluster is a "roup o# cells! No c+annels are
reused $it+in a cluster!
CELLULAR S/STEM
COM0ONENTS

Mobile Unit &MU(

Radio Base Station &RBS(

Mobile Telep+one S$itc+in" O.ce

&MTSO(

0ublic S$itc+ed Telep+one Net$or)

&0STN(
The mobile unit consists of a control unit and a
transceiver that transmits and receives radio
transmissions to and from a cell site.
RBS is the physical location of radio equipment that
provides coverage within a cell.
The MTSO is the central switch that controls the
entire operation of a cellular system.The MTSO is
responsible for monitoring the relative signal
strength of your cellular phone.
The PST is made up of local networ!s" the
e#change area networ!s" and the long$haul networ!
that interconnect telephones and other
communication devices on a worldwide basis.
Transmitter
1re,uency Synt+esi*er
Receiver
Lo"ic Unit
Control Unit
Antenna
Transmitter
It "enerates t+e si"nal to be transmitted $it+ t+e +elp o#
#re,uency synt+esi*er and "ives t+e si"nal to antenna! T+e
output po$er o# t+e transmitter is monitored by built in circuits
and "iven bac) to cell sites permittin" t+e MTSO to )no$ t+e
present po$er level! Transmission #re,uency is bet$een
234M+*-254M+*
Receiver
T+e receiver is a dual-conversion super+etrodyne receiver! T+e
receiver #re,uency ran"e is bet$een 267M+*-287M+*!T+e
transmitter and receiver #re,uency are spaced 54M+* apart to
minimi*e #re,uency inter#erence!
1re,uency Synt+esi*er
T+is section develops all t+e si"nals used by t+e transmitter
and receiver! It sets t+e Tr' and R' c+annel #re,uency #or t+e
mobile unit!
Lo"ic unit
T+e lo"ic unit contains t+e master control circuit #or mobile
unit! It contains a processor $it+ various RAM and ROM and
additional circuit to interpret si"nals #rom MTSO and "enerate
control si"nal #or Tr' and R'!
Control unit
T+e control unit contains t+e +andset $it+ spea)er and
microp+one! It also contains a complete touc+ 9tone dialin"
circuit! T+e processor memory provides stora"e o# o#ten called
numbers an auto dial #eature amd many ot+er suc+ #eatures!
:ando;

Handof: T+e process by $+ic+ t+e MTSO

passes a cellular p+one conversation #rom
one radio #re,uency in one cell to anot+er
radio #re,uency in anot+er!

:ando; occurs $+en t+e MTSO

automatically trans#ers a call #rom radio
c+annel to radio c+annel as a mobile
crosses ad<acent cells

T+e +ando; is per#ormed so ,uic)ly t+at

MU usually never notice!
1re,uency Re-use

Frequency Reuse: T+e process o# usin" t+e

same carrier #re,uency &c+annel( in di;erent
cells t+at are "eo"rap+ically separated!

A set o# cells eac+ operate on di;erent

c+annel in a "roup to #orm cluster!

A cluster is repeated as many time as

necessary to cover $ide area!

Ad<acent cells are not allo$ed to operate at

t+e same #re,uency since t+is causes
inter#erence bet$een t+e cells!
Ma)in" a Call

=+en a cellular user ma)es a call #rom a cellular

p+one radio si"nals are transmitted to t+e cell site!

T+e cell site alerts t+e MTSO s$itc+in" station!

T+e MTSO provides an open c+annel & #re,uency (

and connects t+e call to t+e 0STN!

T+e 0STN put t+e call t+rou"+ to t+e number to be

reac+ed!

T+is process ta)es t+e same amount o# time t+at it

ta)es to ma)e a call #rom a land line p+one!
Receivin" a Call

A call placed to a cellular p+one may come #rom

eit+er a land line p+one or anot+er cellular p+one!

=+ic+ever t+e source t+e MTSO is noti>ed t+at a

call +as been placed to a speci>c cellular telep+one
number!

At t+is point t+e MTSO searc+es #or t+e correct

cellular p+one by sendin" out data over t+e radio
$aves!

Cellular p+ones t+at are in standby mode & i!e!

turned on but not bein" used in a call ( continuously
scan t+e radio $aves bein" transmitted by t+e
MSTO!

I# a p+one ? +ears ? its telep+one number it sends

bac) a si"nal t+at in#orms t+e closest cell site o# its
Electronic Serial Number & ESN ( and its telep+one
number & Mobile Identi>cation Number or MIN (!

T+e cell site passes t+is in#ormation to t+e MTSO

$+ere t+e ESN and MIN are veri>ed and a c+annel &
#re,uency ( is assi"ned #or t+e call!

T+e cellular p+one receives t+e messa"e directin"

it to tune to t+e correct voice c+annel!

T+e cell site ma)es t+e voice c+annel available

and t+e call is completed!

=+en t+e user turns +is cell p+one on in

a roamin" area t+e cell p+one identi>es
itsel# to t+e s$itc+!

=+en t+e :ome s$itc+

is located t+e s$itc+ determines i#
roamin" is possible!

T+e +ome s$itc+ is

noti>ed about t+e c+an"e so t+at it can
route call to t+e s$itc+ in t+e roamin"
location!