1 Principle They are generally called as Magmeters.
It is based on Faradays first law of electromagnetic induction.
First law states that Any change in the magnetic field of a coil of wire will cause an emf to be induced in the coil. if the conductor circuit is closed, the current will also circulate through the circuit. 2 Construction Field magnets: with pole shoes: To generate a constant electromagnetic force.
Electrodes: To pick up voltage signals, they are located at right angles to the field magnet.
Lining: Fitted at the inner tube to prevent electrical short circuiting between the conducting liquid and metallic tube.
3 Industrial EM flowmeter 4 Schematic representation 5 Working When a conducting liquid flows through the pipe, there is an interruption in the constant magnetic field. Based on the charge of the conducting liquid, the magnetic field exerts a force. As a result, the positively and negatively charged particles are separated. According to faradays law, it gives rise to induced voltage. 6 Cont.. As the velocity of the flow increases, there is an increase in the induced voltage, hence the flow can be measured from the voltage obtained by the electrodes.
The two electrodes are connected to an electronic circuitry which converts it to a more readable form 7 Cont.. 8 Other applications Used in separating the Interference voltage
Interference voltage effect occurs due to a number of factors like external magnetic field or due to the property of the flowing liquid.
It has to be literally separated from the actual measuring signal to prevent any form of error.
9 Cont.. The effect of inference voltage can be ruled out by alternatively reversing the polarities of the magnets. The main advantage of this method is, the effect of external sources on the measuring signal can be brought down. It can also be used in measurement of viscosity, density and electrical conductivity(upto a certain range). 10 Advantages It has no moving parts. The pressure drop is very less. Can handle flows with high level of solids which cannot be measured with other types of flow meter. Good accuracy (0.5 to 1%). Magmeters can respond well to fast changing flows.
11 Disadvantages Typically they require a pipe full of flowing liquid. Electromagnetic flow meters cannot be used to measure gas flow. They can be used only in conductive liquids.