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Introduction
Where to get Selenium?
Selenium Vs QTP,Silktest
Limitations
Features of Selenium
Components
Selenium CORE
Configuring Selenium
CORE
Selenium IDE
Selenium IDE-Sample
Script
Recording and Executing
a Script





Selenium RC(Remote
Control)
Starting Selenium Server
Default Selenium Class
Locators
Sample Script
Selenium Command
Reference
Selenium RC Configuration
with Eclipse
Object Identification
Selenium Grid







Selenium is set of different software tools each with a
different approach to supporting test automation.
Selenium is an open source tool.
Selenium supports as many as 8 programming languages
such as HTML , Ruby , PHP, Python, C#, Java, Perl etc.
Latest side of Selenium is Grid, which allows the running of
multiple Selenium tests on different browsers and different
platforms.




We can everything from the Selenium site
www.seleniumhq.org
Software's:
All the selenium software's can be downloaded by using the
below link
http://seleniumhq.org/download/
Documentation:
Documentation can be downloaded by using the below link
http://seleniumhq.org/docs/




Object Identification:
Faster: Selenium can identify objects using xpath, So it can
directly go to a specific object
Slow: Silk test and QTP follows a hierarchy for locating
objects.
Scripting Language:
QTP allow users to write script in VB script only.
Silk test has proprietary scripting language 4TL. ( 4 Test
Language )
But Selenium allows writing script in Java, Ruby, Perl, PHP,
C# and Python.
Price :
Selenium is an open source tool.
Silk and QTP are not free tools
QTP license cost is around $7500 , Silk test license cost is around
$8500 USD




Desktop applications:
We cant automate desktop applications using Selenium.
We can automate using QTP and Silk test.
Object Repository:
Capturing objects properties is a tough task as we need to
prepare the object repository.



It has support for multiple operating systems like Windows, Linux and
Mac
Cross browser testing can be done easily on browsers like IE, Firefox,
Safari, Netscape etc.
It supports multiple programming Languages like C#, Java, Ruby,
Python .. etc
It can be used for automating Ajax and swift web pages.
It is easy to use, if are familiar with any one of supported programming
language
It is easy to learn
It is free-open source tool
It has matured community forums to get clarifications




Selenium is majorly divided into four components
Selenium CORE
Selenium IDE
Selenium RC(Remote Control)
Selenium Grid





Selenium Core is a test tool for web applications.
Selenium Core tests run directly in a browser.
And they run in Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox on Windows, Linux, and Macintosh.
This is deprecated with the advent of Selenium IDE and Selenium RC.
Initially IDE has capability for recording test cases only.
In earlier stages executed recorded script using Test runner.
Later IDE introduced with the execution facility.

Disadvantages:
We cannot record scripts using this.
We can run scripts in only HTML format using Test runner.html


Download the Selenium Core zip file (selenium-core-
1.0.1.zip) and extract the files into a folder.
Open Command Prompt and then navigate to the
path where the files are extracted

A new Selenium Functional Test Runner window will be opened.













We need to enter the test suite path in Test Suite edit box on the left hand side .
Click on Go and then the screen window changes with the commands.

Now click on Run option on the right hand side of the window
so that the test case executes successfully.

IDE means integrated development environment, which is used for record and run the scripts.
Selenium IDE is add-on for Mozilla Firefox.
The recorded scripts in Selenium IDE can be viewed in the following supported languages:
1) HTML 2) Java 3) C# 4) PERL 5) Python 6) Ruby 7) PHP
The recorded scripts in Selenium IDE can be run against other browsers like IE, Safari,
Google, Chrome and Opera by using Selenium RC.
By default the script that is recorded should be saved with the .html extension.
It will keep the user actions as they are performed and store them as a reusable script to play
back.
It supports only for Firefox.
Using Selenium IDE we can record, save, execute and debug the scripts
It cant support for Database verifications Error handling and Customize reporting.


The script is saved as .html file so the run options are
active
Observations:
Table is active here because the extension is .html
Run Options are active and we can run the test case
now.

These are the statements
generated during record from
IDE

Observations:
Table is not available because the format of the
script is changed to Java.
Run options are graded out because the default
format for Selenium IDE is HTML.

Open Firefox and application you want to test
Launch Selenium IDE using tools-Selenium IDE
By default, you should be in the recording mode, but confirm it by observing the Red button.
By default it will be in the HTML format. Otherwise, go to Options-Format-Select HTML Format.
Record some actions and make sure that these are coming on Selenium IDE.
During recording if you right click on any element it will show all the selenium commands
available.
You can also edit existing command, by selecting it and editing on the boxes available.
You can also insert/delete commands by choosing appropriate option after right clicking.
Choose appropriate run option - i.e walk, run or test runner and review your results.
The recorded script can be viewed in two options: 1) Table 2) Source
In Table, we can see the script in tabular format.
In Source, we can see the script in html code.
If we want to see the recorded script in other selenium supported languages, Go to Options,
then
select Format select the desired language.
Drawback
Biggest drawback of Selenium IDE is its limitation in terms of the browser support (only Mozilla
Firefox).


Selenium RC comes in two parts i.e. Server and Client libraries
Selenium-RC software comes with seven folders and we need
to use these files to configure RC with the language chosen.
1) selenium-server-1.0.3 -Configuration files for launching the RC server
2) selenium-java-client-driver-1.0.1- Java supported RC files
3) selenium-perl-client-driver-1.0.1-Perl supported RC files
4) selenium-php-client-driver-1.0.1-PHP supported RC files
5) selenium-python-client-driver-1.0.1-Python supported RC files
6) selenium-ruby-client-driver-1.0.1-Ruby supported RC files
7) selenium-dotnet-client-driver-1.0.1-C# supported RC files
Selenium RC uses a server called Jetty Server for launching browsers


Selenium RC is an Open Source platform and supports only web-
applications for automation.
We can develop scripts using any popular programming languages
Using Selenium RC with a high-level programming language allows
us to query database, email test results and use iteration statements
to navigate through the result set
Using RC we can execute scripts in different browsers and platforms

Before starting any tests you must start the server.
Go to the directory where Selenium-RCs server is located
and run the following from a command-line console.
Command to start server is
java -jar selenium-server.jar

Command to stop selenium server
http://localhost:4444/selenium-server/driver/?cmd=shutDown
We can do this in our test code using the SeleniumServer class
We need to follow below steps
Create an object for SeleniumServer class
Use Start method for starting server.
User Stop method for stopping server.
Sample code for Starting and Stopping selenium server.
SeleniumServer server = new SeleniumServer();
server.start();
..
server.stop();
With the server running, we may now use a client also.
Selenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium( String seleniumServerHost,
int seleniumServerPort,
String browserType,
String baseURL);
selenium.open("http://www.somesite.com/somePage.html");
selenium.stop();

Default Selenium is class for creating browser reference
Variables used in the Default Selenium constructor are:
seleniumServerHost is the where the Selenium Server is running. i.e. hostname
seleniumServerPort is the port on which the Selenium Server is listening. The default port is 4444.
browserType is the type of browser you want to use for testing.
Common browser types are *firefox, *iexplore, *opera and etc.
baseURL is the base URL for the site you are testing.

Now, just opening a page isnt all that useful. We need to interact with the page. To
do this, we use our selenium clients methods with locators. For example:
selnium.click("link=Text For Some Link");
The string link=Text For Some Link is a locator.


In Selenium, the objects are called as locators and they can be identified using Xpath, DOM or CSS.
Locators take the form of
locatorType=argument
A locator type can be an element id, an element name, an xpath expression, link text, and
more.
A few examples:
selenium.click(id=idOfThing); //an id locator
selenium.click(name=nameOfThing); //a name locator
selenium.click(xpath=//img[@alt='The image alt text']); //an xpath locators
slenium.click(dom=document.images[56] ); //a DOM locator
selenium.click(link=Test Page For Selenium); //a link locator
selenium.click(css=span#firstChild); //a css locator
Locators will be covered in detail in the next session on Objects Construction.


import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is a package need to be include for using Selenium API
public class SampleScript // This is Class name
{
public static void main( String args[] ) throws Exception // This is main function
{
// This is the statement for Creating Browser Object
DefaultSelenium Brw= new DefaultSelenium ("localhost",4444,"*chrome", "http://");
Brw.start(); // This statement starts the Browser
Brw.open("www.google.com"); // This statement loads google.com url
Brw.waitForPageToLoad("30000"); // This stmt waits till loading complete web page
Brw.windowMaximize(); // This stmt maximizes browser window
Brw.type("//input[@name='q']", "valuelabs"); // This stmt enters Valuelabs text in search field
Brw.click("//input[@name='btnG']"); // This stmt clicks on google search button
}
}


//input[@name='q] Object Identifier for Search Field
//input[@name='btnG'] Object locator for Search Btn


Below are usefull commands in selenium
open - opens a page using a URL
captureScreenshot - Captures a PNG screenshot to the specified file
Check - Check a toggle-button (checkbox/radio)
Click - Clicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button
Close Clicks on the "close" button in the titlebar of a popup window or tab
doubleClick - Double clicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button
getEval - Gets the result of evaluating the specified JavaScript code
getHtmlSource - Returns the entire HTML source
getLocation - Gets the absolute URL of the current page
getText - Gets the text of an element
getTitle - Gets the title of the current page
getValue - Gets the value of an input field
goBack - clicks on the "back" button on their browser
isChecked - Gets whether a toggle-button (checkbox/radio) is checked
isElementPresent - Verifies that the specified element is somewhere on the page
isTextPresent - Determines if the specified element is visible
Refresh Clicks on the "Refresh" button on their browser

Select - Select an option from a drop-down
selectFrame - Selects a frame within the current window
selectWindow - Selects a popup window
Start - Launches the browser with a new Selenium
session
Stop - Ends the test session, killing the browser
Type - Sets the value of an input field
Uncheck - Uncheck a toggle-button (checkbox/radio)
windowMaximize - Resize currently selected window
to take up the entire screen

Prerequisites:
If we want to configure Selenium RC with
Eclipse, following files are required
Eclipse
JDK 1.5 or Later versions.
Selenium JAR files
a) selenium-server.jar
b) selenium-java-client-driver.jar
c) junit.jar
d) Poi related jar files (For handling excel)
Open the Eclipse by double clicking on
eclipse.exe, Click on OK for workspace
launcher. Click on
workbench, it will allow you to move
inside the eclipse.
Click on File->New->Select Java
Project.
Enter the Project name and then click on
Configure JREs

Click on Add and give
the path upto the jdk
directory so that all the
JRE files will be added
and
click on Finish.
Now the JRE is
successfully
configured with
our project root
directory
Right click on JRE
System Library->
Build Path-
>Configure Build
Path
Click on Add
External JARs and
then select the four
jar files and add
them to our
project.
Now the jar files are also
successfully configured with our
project.
Click on Run from the Menu--
> External Tools-->Select
External Tools Configuration--
> Double Click
on Program and then enter the
following details as shown in
the screen.
Click on Apply and then click
on Run.
Now the Selenium RC is
successfully configured with
Eclipse and you are ready to
write the scripts and execute
them successfully.
On successful running of
Selenium server, the eclipse
IDE gives an message that the
server started successfully on
port number 4444(default)

For identifying the properties in Selenium, we use the
below tools:
Debug bar for Internet Explorer.
Firebug for Mozilla Firefox.
Debug bar Installation:
Download the debug bar software by using the below
link:
http://www.debugbar.com/
Click on the exe file and then install the software.
Once the software is installed, you will find the debug
bar on the left side of the window.
Drag the
circle and
place it on the
object which
we want to
identify the
object.
The properties will
be identified in the
Attrs field. Using
these fields, we can
identify the
objects.
Firebug Installation:
Download the debug bar software by using
the below link:
https://addons.mozilla.org/en-
US/firefox/addon/1843/
Click on the exe file and then install the
software.
Once the software is installed, you will find the
firebug on the bottom of the window.
Once we select
the object,
automatically
the objects
properties will
be displayed in
the bottom:

Selenium Grid is used for launching the multiple browsers
with supported operating system in parallel.
We can run the scripts on different browsers in parallel.
Selenium Grid is a tool that dramatically speeds up
functional testing of web-apps.
It allows you to easily run multiple tests in parallel, on
multiple machines, in a heterogeneous environment.
Selenium Grid consists of a component called Selenium
Hub which is the unique entry point for all the tests
running by using Selenium Grid.
To ease the maintenance of a Selenium-Grid
deployment:
Selenium Grid Hub sends periodic heartbeat
messages to all registered Remote Controls to
make sure that they are still up and running.
Selenium Grid Remote Controls send periodic
heartbeat messages to the Hub to check that it
still considers them as registered.
Lets have a Demo!! With
Quontra Solutions
Call Us : +1(404)-900-9988
Email:info@quontrasolutions.com