1

Integrating Measurement & Verification in

Existing Building Commissioning Projects

IPMVP Options B and C
David Jump, Ph.D., P.E.
Principal
Quantum Energy Services & Technologies, Inc. (QuEST)
www.quest-world.com
2
Presentation Overview
This presentation will discuss:
Need for M&V in EBCx projects
CCCs Verification of Savings Guideline
M&V Methodology & Approach
Overlap with EBCx projects
Procedure
Case Studies

3
Benefits of EBCx
Indoor air quality
Thermal comfort
Equipment reliability
Equipment Maintenance
More

Most quantifiable benefit: Energy Savings
4
Need for M&V in EBCx
EBCx Energy Savings
Typically ~5% of whole building energy use
Cannot see at main meters
Based on data collected before improvements
made
Called ex-ante savings estimates
No standard calculation methodologies for ex-ante
savings
5
Ex-Ante Savings Calculations
Air Speed IGV Power Annual
Volume Power Energy
Flow Rate Ratio Use
Profile [Note 1]
% % % kW kWh/Yr
100% 100% 109% 12.8 51
98% 100% 105% 12.3 74
96% 100% 102% 12.0 96
94% 100% 99% 11.6 267
92% 100% 96% 11.3 362
91% 100% 93% 10.9 436
89% 100% 90% 10.6 244
87% 100% 87% 10.2 602
85% 100% 85% 10.0 750
83% 100% 84% 9.9 782
81% 100% 83% 9.7 1,358
79% 100% 81% 9.5 1,055
77% 100% 80% 9.4 808
75% 100% 78% 9.2 1,003
74% 100% 77% 9.0 801
72% 100% 76% 8.9 454
70% 100% 74% 8.7 835
68% 100% 73% 8.6 774
66% 100% 73% 8.6 697
64% 100% 71% 8.3 1,212
62% 100% 70% 8.2 869
60% 100% 69% 8.1 1,013
58% 100% 68% 8.0 1,048
57% 100% 67% 7.9 940
55% 100% 66% 7.8 562
53% 100% 65% 7.6 1,284
51% 100% 65% 7.6 958
50% 100% 65% 7.6 1,041
50% 100% 65% 7.6 1,467
50% 100% 65% 7.6 631
50% 100% 65% 7.6 509
50% 100% 65% 7.6 456
50% 100% 65% 7.6 319
50% 100% 65% 7.6 152
50% 100% 65% 7.6 122
50% 100% 65% 7.6 122
50% 100% 65% 7.6 84
50% 100% 65% 7.6 122
50% 100% 65% 7.6 23
12.8 24,379
w/ IGV
Baseline Operation
A
Air Speed VFD Power Annual
Volume w/ VFD Power w/ VFD Energy
Flow Rate Modulation Ratio Modulation Use
Profile [Note 2]
% % % kW kWh/Yr
100% 89.3% 71% 9.1 36
98% 87.6% 68% 8.4 50
96% 85.9% 64% 7.7 62
94% 84.2% 63% 7.3 168
92% 82.6% 60% 6.8 218
91% 80.9% 57% 6.2 248
89% 79.2% 56% 5.9 136
87% 77.5% 53% 5.4 319
85% 75.8% 50% 5.0 375
83% 74.1% 49% 4.9 387
81% 72.5% 46% 4.5 630
79% 70.8% 44% 4.2 466
77% 69.1% 43% 4.0 344
75% 67.4% 40% 3.7 403
74% 65.7% 38% 3.4 303
72% 64.0% 37% 3.3 168
70% 62.3% 34% 3.0 288
68% 60.7% 32% 2.8 252
66% 59.0% 30% 2.6 211
64% 57.3% 28% 2.3 336
62% 55.6% 26% 2.1 223
60% 53.9% 24% 1.9 238
58% 52.2% 23% 1.8 236
57% 50.5% 21% 1.7 202
55% 48.9% 19% 1.5 108
53% 47.2% 19% 1.4 237
51% 45.5% 17% 1.3 164
50% 44.7% 16% 1.2 164
50% 44.7% 16% 1.2 232
50% 44.7% 16% 1.2 100
50% 44.7% 16% 1.2 80
50% 44.7% 16% 1.2 72
50% 44.7% 16% 1.2 50
50% 44.7% 16% 1.2 24
50% 44.7% 16% 1.2 19
50% 44.7% 16% 1.2 19
50% 44.7% 16% 1.2 13
50% 44.7% 16% 1.2 19
50% 44.7% 16% 1.2 4
9.1 7,603
D
Proposed Operation
w/o IGV, w/ VFD High Limit & w/ VFD Modulation

Savings = 24,379 7,603 =
16,776 kWh annually
(?)
6
Data Requirements
In example:
Trends of fan power and weather required
Sources:
Building automation system
Independent loggers
Local weather stations
Data preparation requirements:
Merge data sets
Prepare analysis bins
Analysis
Model systems
Make assumptions
QA on result (reasonableness)
Savings calculation effort takes time, focus, & resources
away from commissioning the building!
7
Need for M&V in EBCx
Need confidence that savings are real
Typ. project cost: $20k to $100k
Owners
Need assurance of return on investment
Utility programs
Need to justify expense of ratepayer moneys

8
Confidence
Expressed as Uncertainty
Less uncertainty = more confidence
Ex-ante savings:
No way to determine savings uncertainty
e.g 16,776 kWh ???
Uncertainty may only be determined by:
Calculations using measurements of energy use
before and after ECM installed
e.g. 16,776 839 kWh (10%)
9
Methodology Overview
This methodology is based on:
Continuously monitored building data
Regression-based energy modeling
Applied to:
Whole building
Building subsystems
Written for integration in EBCx projects
Large overlap between M&V and EBCx processes
10
Guideline - Contents
Introduction
General Description of M&V Process
M&V Approach
Required Resources
Analysis Methods
Measurement and Verification Process
Appendices
A: Empirical Models
B: Uncertainty Analysis
C: Example M&V Plan
D: Example Projects
How to design a
good M&V Plan
11
Measurement & Verification -
Graphical Concept
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k
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kWh actual kWh baseline
Post-Installation
Period
Baseline
Period
Adjusted Baseline
Measured energy use
12
M&V - Basic Equation

Energy Savings = Baseline Energy
Post-Installation Period Energy
Adjustments

Adjustments are:
Routine Adjustments
Non-Routine Adjustments
13
Routine Adjustments
Normal and expected variations in energy use
due to operating conditions, normal productions,
etc.

Equation becomes:
Energy Savings = Adjusted Baseline Energy
Post-Installation Period Energy
Non-Routine Adjustments

14
Non-Routine Adjustments
Energy use (or lack of) due to non-
routine events, occupancy or equipment
changes, etc.

Examples:
Tenant moving in or out of a space
Chiller failure and replacement
Major renovation project
Etc.
15
Focus of this Guideline
Whole Building (IPMVP Option C)
Short-term interval data from Utility or energy
information systems (EIS)
Meters connected to EMCS and trended
Individual building systems (IPMVP Option B)
EMCS trends
Other energy information system data
Temporary or permanently installed meters

2 different approaches, 1 method
16
Scope of Cx Activity
Identify purpose/goals of Cx activity
Describe roles of involved parties
Identify systems included in Cx process
Planning Phase
Establish bldg. requirements
Review available info./ visit site / interview
operators
Develop EBCx Plan
Document operation conditions
Investigation Phase
Identify current building needs
Facility performance analysis
Diagnostic monitoring
System testing
Create list of findings
Implementation Phase
Prioritize recommendations
Install/Implement recommendations
Commission Recommendations
Document improved performance
Turnover Phase
Update building documentation
Develop final report
Update Systems Manual
Plan ongoing commissioning
Provide Training
Persistence Phase
Monitor and track energy use
Monitor and track non-energy metrics
Trend key system parameters
Document changes
Implement persistence strategies
M&V Process EBCx Process
Baseline Period
Define Scope of M&V Activity
Identify purpose/goals of M&V activity
Identify affected systems
Design the M&V Process
Assess Project & Source of Savings
Define Approach
Add points & collect data
Energy and indep. variable (OAT, etc.)
Bldg. level: gas pulse, steam meter, etc.
Systems: Chiller kW, other var. loads
Document the baseline
Equipment inventory and operations
Develop baseline energy model
Assess baseline model
Finalize and Document the M&V Plan
Post-Installation Period
Verify proper performance
Collect post-installation data
Develop post-install model
Verify savings at conclusion of EBCx
Develop Savings Report
Persistence Phase
Verify continued equipment performance
Establish energy tracking system
Provide periodic savings reports
(Guideline p.2)
17
M&V
Approach
VSD
VSD
kWh Meter
Gas Meter
Hot Water Plant
Chilled Water Plant
Air Handling Unit
DHW
MCC
L
P
L
L
L
P
P
P
Lighting and
Plug Load
Men Women
Option C - Whole
Building
Option B: Retrofit
Isolation (HVAC
Systems)
Select
measurement
boundary
(Guideline p.9)
18
Retrofit Isolation
Defining Systems - by
Services provided
Chilled water system:
Chiller, CHW pumps, etc.

Air handling system:
Supply fan, return fan,
exhaust fan

Hot water system:
Boiler, HW pumps
VSD
VSD
CHW
Boiler
VSD
Chiller
Cooling Tower
CW
Pump
PCHW
Pump
SCHW
Pumps

(Guideline p.14)
19
Data Sources
Whole-Building Meters
Electric 15 minute interval
data
Monthly Gas & Electric data
Utility websites, e.g. PG&Es Interact
Resource
http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/ener
gysavingsrebates/demandresponse/to
ols/
e,g, PG&Es Business Tools
http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/
myaccount/analysis/
Interval Gas Data (Pulse Counter)
Bolt-on pulse meter
Face plate replacement

20
Data Sources
BTU meters
Water flow meters
Portable ultrasonic
Insertion-paddlewheel
21
Data Sources
Weather
PG&Es Interact website provides cleaned
weather data on hourly basis
Other Sources:
www.gard.com/weather/index.htm
www.weatherunderground.com
Take particular note of
http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/cfm/
weather_data.cfm
which gives sources for weather data in a variety of formats,
including real-time data.

22
Data Sources
For Option B Retrofit Isolation Approach
e.g. HVAC Systems


P
Mix HX HX
HX
P Boiler
C
V
Chiller
Cooling
Tower
P P
HX
Room
HX
Pri. CHW
pump
AHU
Supply
Fan
Return Air
Damper
Sec. CHW
pump
AHU
Cooling
Coil
Outside Air
Damper
Return Air
Fan
AHU
Heating
Coil
VAV box
with reheat
Fan-powered
VAV box
Condenser
water
pump
Water
Air
Air and
Water
Vapor
Air
Air
Air
Air
Water Water
Water
Water
Water
23
Data Sources
HVAC Systems
Cooling Tower Fans
Chillers
CDW & CHW Pumps
AHU Fans
Constant load
Variable load

Equipment Power
Spot measurements
Power logging instruments
Convert feedback status signals
to power/energy
Proxy variables
24
Proxy Variables
Generates energy variables (kWh, kW,
therms, etc.) from:
Feedback status signals trended in EMCS
Constant load / constant speed equipment
on/off status, etc.
Variable load / variable speed equipment
VFD speed, amps, etc.
Independently measured or logged data
kWh, kW
Hot and chilled water flow, etc.
(Guideline p.21)
25
Proxy Variables
Example of constant and variable load feedback
signals on EMCS
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MU.AH4.RET INLET VANE %OPEN MU.AH1.RAF.STATUS ON/OFF
26
Proxy Variables
For ON/OFF status points
Make spot measurements of kW
Multiple measurements and take average
kW = kW
measured
* STATUS
For variable speed/load signals
Short term logging of equipment kW
Corresponding trended load data from EMCS
Develop relationship between kW and load
27
Proxy Variables
VFD Speed for kW
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
AHU-1 Fan Speed %
A
H
U
-
1

F
a
n

k
W
Actual Cubic polynomial
28
Required Resources - Data
Gather physical information, within the
measurement boundary, for the baseline
period:
Energy data (kWh, kW, therms, etc.)
Assure sensors are calibrated
Independent variables: Ambient temperature,
occupied hours, etc.
Static Factors:
Equipment inventory, building characteristics
Occupancy, operational schedules
Operating procedures, set points
Should be in
EBCx
documentation
29
Amount of Data
Interval Data (Whole Building and Systems):
Issue needs more research (ASHRAE research topic)
General guidance:
Enough to cover a cycle of operation (IPMVP requires
data through one cycle)
Constant load equipment: spot measurement
Variable load equipment: through range of its operation
Chilled water system: entire cooling season
Building one year, or half year from coldest to warmest
months
Enough to capture 80 or 90% of range of data
Data collected in season when ECMs have most impact

(Guideline p.34)
30
Preparing Data
Different sources
Whole building electric short term interval data
Local airport or NOAA weather file
Energy information system
Energy management and control system
Different types
COV, analog, digital, categorical, etc.
Different time intervals
5-min (e.g. EMCS trend)
15 min (utility whole-building kWh)
Hourly (NOAA weather)
(Guideline p.25)
31
Preparing Data
Methods require all data to be on common
time interval
Called analysis time interval
Guideline recommends:
Hourly
Daily

32
Useful Data Preparation
Software Tools
Universal Translator
Merges and aligns multiple data sets to same time stamp
Interpolates between points, etc.
Much more!
Free from www.utonline.org

Energy Charting and Metrics (ECAM) Tool
Sets up categorical variables for weekdays, weekends, etc.
Much more!
Excel add-in
Free from www.cacx.org
33
Important!

In almost all cases, after the ECM has been
installed, you cannot go back and re-create the
baseline. It no longer exists!

It is very important to properly define and
document all baseline conditions before the
ECM is implemented.

34
Short Term Interval Methods
Empirical energy use models
E = F (x
i
)
Statistical regressions
Models are built directly from data

Can determine best model type and fit
Can calculate model uncertainty
(Guideline p.29)
35
Energy Modeling
1-parameter model
Ambient Temp
C
E
n
e
r
g
y


u
s
e

2-parameter model
E
n
e
r
g
y


u
s
e

B1
C
Ambient Temp
3-parameter model (heating)
E
n
e
r
g
y


u
s
e

C
B2
B1
Ambient Temp
E
n
e
r
g
y


u
s
e

B1
B2
C
Ambient Temp
3-parameter model (cooling)
E
n
e
r
g
y


u
s
e

B3
C
B2
B1
Ambient Temp
4-parameter model (heating) 4-parameter model (cooling)
E
n
e
r
g
y


u
s
e

B3
C
Ambient Temp
B2
B1
5-parameter model
E
n
e
r
g
y


u
s
e

C
B1
B2
B3 B4
Ambient Temp
36
Modeling Examples
Electrical Demand vs. Ambient Temperature
y = 9.622x - 212.35
R
2
= 0.7869
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
40 50 60 70 80 90
Ambient Temperature, deg F
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l

D
e
m
a
n
d

[
k
W
]
kW (post)
Post Fit

Hutchison Hot Water Use vs. Ambient Temperature
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Ambient Temperature, deg F
H
o
t

W
a
t
e
r

U
s
e

[
M
B
H
]
HHW MBH
Curve Fit
Actual Post
37
Developing Models
General Procedure
Plot data
Select model type (1-P, 2-P, 3-P Cooling, etc.)
Select change point
Perform regressions (averages where needed)
Calculate CV & NMBE
Adjust change point
Perform new regressions
Calculate CV & NMBE, compare with run #1
Iterate to lowest CV & NMBE
Can develop in spreadsheets using macros
38
Assess Baseline Model
Develop different energy use models
Select model that best fits data (low NMBE, CV)
Run uncertainty assessment
Determines if model can determine savings within reasonable
uncertainty
May need to select alternate approach
Finalize approach
Decide how long to measure in post-installation period
(Reporting Period)
Document in M&V Plan
39
Uncertainty Assessment
Purpose: To determine if model will be able to
distinguish savings from the models uncertainty
Reference: ASHRAE Guideline 14 Annex B
Appendix B in Verifying Savings in EBCx Guideline
Procedure:
Gather data
Develop model
Estimate expected savings
Calculate fractional savings uncertainty
Compare with savings estimate
(Guideline p.61)
40
Uncertainty Assessment
ASHRAE G14, Annex B, Eqn. B-15
Uncertainty in Fractional Savings, AE
save,m
/E
save,m
For weather models with correlated residuals
Each point has a relationship with the previous point
Potential when time unit is short (e.g. daily or hourly)
F
m n n
n
CV
t
E
E
m save
m save
2 / 1
,
,
1
'
2
1
'
26 . 1
(

|
.
|

\
|
+
=
A
41
Useful Software
QuEST Change-Point Model Spreadsheets
www.quest-world.com
Excel-based
Energy Explorer
Automatically determines best fit of change-point models to
data, makes charts, calculates savings, uncertainty, etc.
Source: Prof. Kelly Kissock, University of Dayton
ASHRAE Inverse Modeling Toolkit (RP1050)
Purchase with Research Project 1050
DOS-based, source and executable files
Includes test data sets
42
Spreadsheet Demonstration

Linear and change-point models


43
Post Installation Model
Similar to baseline model
Developed from post-installation data

Two Uses:
1. Annualizing Energy Savings
2. Savings Persistence/Performance Tracking
Example in Case Study

44
Annualizing Savings
Use when less than one year of data
Baseline or Post-Installation

Use baseline and post-installation models
with independent variables
TMY weather data
Other variables

Difference is annual savings
45
Case Studies
UC Berkeley
Soda Hall
Computer Science Building
109,000 ft
2
UC Davis
Shields Library
400,070 ft
2
Undergraduate library
46
Soda Hall
UC Berkeleys Computer Science Department (24/7 operation)

109,000 ft
2


Central Plant (2 - 215 ton chillers & associated equipment)

Steam to hot water heating

3 Main VAV AHUs,
AHU1 serves building core,
AHUs 3 and 4 serve the perimeter, with hot water reheat
47
Soda Hall EBCx Findings
System
Measure
No.
Description
Implementation
Date
Energy,
kWh/yr
Energy,
lbs/yr
Dollars,
$/yr
Cost, $
Payback,
yr
AHU1-2
Resume supply air temperature
reset control and return
economizer to normal operation
10/25/2006 129,800 266,250 $19,004 $1,550 0.1
AHU1-3
Repair/replace VFDs in return fans
10/25/2006 34,308 $4,460 $7,000 1.6
AHU1-4
Reduce high minimum VAV box
damper position
3/9/2006 46,300 119,300 $6,973 $15,250 2.2
AHU3-2 &
AHU4-2
Option 2: Reduce high minimum
VAV box damper position
3/9/2006 30,600 2,328,100 $22,603 $17,250 0.8
AHU3-3 &
AHU4-3
Re-establish scheduled fan
operation and VAV AHU-3
(includes repair/replace VFD on
return fan EF-17), AHU-4 (includes
repair/replace VFDs on supply SF-
18 and return EF-19 fans, and
elimination of low VFD speed
setting during the day)
10/25/2006 242,000 $31,460 $14,000 0.4
Total 483,008 2,713,650 $84,500 $55,050 0.7
Percentage
Savings
10% 51% 14%
Utility Data Steam 5,325,717 lbs
Electricity 4,871,678 kWhr
Cost $621,575

Savings
A
H
U
-
1
A
H
U
s

3

&

4
48
M&V Approach for Soda Hall
Resources:
Whole-building electric and steam meters present
EMS that trends all points at 1 min (COV) intervals
8-month history of data
RCx measures in AHU and Chilled Water Systems
Electric and steam savings
Very high EUI unsure if can discern savings at whole
building level
M&V Approach:
Option B applied at systems level (electric only)
Option C whole building level (electric and steam)
49
Baseline Model: Soda Hall
Total Building Electric Building Steam






Peak Period Electric HVAC System Electric
50
Soda Hall M&V: HVAC
Systems
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1,000
1,500
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2,500
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Date
D
a
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k
W
h

U
s
e
HVAC Daily kWh Usage Baseline Post-Install Model
Date
Break
Baseline Model:
kWh = 79.9*OAT + 1129
RMSE = 136 kWh
Baseline Period Post-Installation Period
Post-Install Model:
kWh = 44.1*OAT - 336
RMSE = 213 kWh
51
Soda Hall: Estimated vs.
Verified Savings
Whole Building HVAC System
kWh 483,008 216,716 462,472
kW - 22 50
Lbs. Steam 2,713,650 854,407
* based on eQUEST model
** based on baseline and post-installation measurements and TMY OAT data
Verified Savings**
Source
Estimated
Savings*
52
Shields Library
UC Davis Undergraduate Library

400,072 ft
2

Chilled Water and Steam provided by campus central plant
2 CHW service entrances, variable volume
2 HW service entrances

11 AHU, 3 VAV, 8 CAV

5 electric meters

53
Shields Library RCx Findings
System Description of Deficiencies/Findings
AC01 & AC02
Excessive fan speed due to failure to meet static pressure set point
Economizer malfunction
Simultaneous heating and cooling in air stream
AC21, AC25,
AC25, AC51,
AC53, AC54,
AH1, AH2, AH3
Economizer Repair
Economizer Control Optimization
Supply Air Temperature Reset with Occupancy Schedule
CHW & HW
Pumps
Chilled water supply temp set point reset
Chilled water pump lockout
Reset CHW EOL pressure set point
Savings: no estimates prior to measure implementation
54
M&V Approach for Shields
Library
Assessment:
Whole-building meters present:
5 electric meters
2 CHW meters (installed as part of project)
3 HW meters (installed as part of project)
EMS that trends all points at 5 min intervals
RCx measures in AHU, CHW and HW pumps
Electric, chilled water, and hot water savings
M&V Approach:
Option C whole building level
55
Shields Library: M&V Models
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
OAT (Deg F)
M
B
T
U

p
e
r

D
a
y
HHW HHW Model HHW Post HHW Post Model
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
OAT (Deg F)
T
o
n
s

P
e
r

D
a
y
EXP CHW EXP CHW Model Post EXP CHW Post EXP CHW Model
-
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
OAT
D
a
i
l
y

k
W
h

U
s
e
Baseline Model Baseline Data Post Model Post Data
Electric Chilled Water
Steam
56
Shields Library: 480V Electric
Meter Savings
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
1
/
4
/
2
0
0
7
1
/
7
/
2
0
0
7
1
/
1
0
/
2
0
0
7
1
/
1
3
/
2
0
0
7
1
/
1
6
/
2
0
0
7
1
/
1
9
/
2
0
0
7
1
/
2
2
/
2
0
0
7
1
/
2
5
/
2
0
0
7
1
/
2
8
/
2
0
0
7
1
/
3
1
/
2
0
0
7
2
/
3
/
2
0
0
7
4
/
1
/
2
0
0
7
4
/
4
/
2
0
0
7
4
/
7
/
2
0
0
7
4
/
1
0
/
2
0
0
7
4
/
1
3
/
2
0
0
7
4
/
1
6
/
2
0
0
7
4
/
1
9
/
2
0
0
7
4
/
2
2
/
2
0
0
7
4
/
2
5
/
2
0
0
7
4
/
2
8
/
2
0
0
7
5
/
1
/
2
0
0
7
5
/
4
/
2
0
0
7
5
/
7
/
2
0
0
7
5
/
1
0
/
2
0
0
7
5
/
1
3
/
2
0
0
7
5
/
1
6
/
2
0
0
7
5
/
1
9
/
2
0
0
7
Date
D
a
i
l
y

k
W
h

U
s
e
Daily kWh Usage Baseline
Date
Break
Baseline Model:
R2 = .7
RMSE = 10%
Baseline Period Post-Installation Period
57
Shields Library: Chilled Water
Savings
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8
/
1
1
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
1
2
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
1
3
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
1
4
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
1
5
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
1
6
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
1
7
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
1
8
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
1
9
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
2
0
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
2
1
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
2
2
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
2
3
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
2
4
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
2
5
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
2
6
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
2
7
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
2
8
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
2
9
/
2
0
0
7
9
/
6
/
2
0
0
7
9
/
7
/
2
0
0
7
9
/
8
/
2
0
0
7
1
0
/
2
4
/
2
0
0
7
1
0
/
2
5
/
2
0
0
7
1
0
/
2
6
/
2
0
0
7
1
0
/
2
7
/
2
0
0
7
1
0
/
2
8
/
2
0
0
7
1
0
/
2
9
/
2
0
0
7
1
1
/
1
/
2
0
0
7
1
1
/
2
/
2
0
0
7
1
1
/
3
/
2
0
0
7
1
1
/
4
/
2
0
0
7
1
1
/
5
/
2
0
0
7
1
1
/
6
/
2
0
0
7
Date
D
a
i
l
y

C
H
W

U
s
e

(
T
o
n
-
h
r
s
)
Daily CHW Usage Baseline
Date
Break
Baseline Model:
R2 = .8
RMSE = 26%
Baseline Period
Post-Installation Period
58
Shields Library: Hot Water
Savings
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
8
/
1
0
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
1
1
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
1
2
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
1
3
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
1
4
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
1
5
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
1
6
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
1
7
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
1
8
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
1
9
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
2
0
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
2
1
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
2
2
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
2
3
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
2
4
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
2
5
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
2
6
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
2
7
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
2
8
/
2
0
0
7
8
/
2
9
/
2
0
0
7
9
/
6
/
2
0
0
7
9
/
7
/
2
0
0
7
9
/
8
/
2
0
0
7
1
0
/
2
4
/
2
0
0
7
1
0
/
2
5
/
2
0
0
7
1
0
/
2
6
/
2
0
0
7
1
0
/
2
7
/
2
0
0
7
1
0
/
2
8
/
2
0
0
7
1
0
/
2
9
/
2
0
0
7
1
1
/
1
/
2
0
0
7
1
1
/
2
/
2
0
0
7
1
1
/
3
/
2
0
0
7
1
1
/
4
/
2
0
0
7
1
1
/
5
/
2
0
0
7
1
1
/
6
/
2
0
0
7
Date
D
a
i
l
y

H
W

U
s
e

(
M
B
H
)
Daily HW Usage Baseline
Date
Break
Baseline Model:
R2 = .7
RMSE = 5%
Baseline Period
Post-Installation Period
59
Costs
Including all costs, project remains cost-effective:
Soda Hall: 1.7 year payback
Tan Hall: 0.7 year payback
Shields Library: 1.0 year payback
Added costs of metering hardware and software did not
overburden projects costs
In private sector metering costs lower
Existing electric meters
Sophisticated BAS systems
MBCx approach should be viable
Soda Hall 4,442 $ 62,160 $ 51,087 $ 117,689 $
Tan Hall 22,573 $ 53,000 $ 15,300 $ 90,873 $
Shields Library 26,000 $ 96,795 $ 57,757 $ 180,552 $
Building
Metering
Costs
MBCx Agent
Costs
In-House
Costs
Total
Evaluated project realization
rates: 105% electric, 106% gas
60
Questions?
61
Future Work
QuEST
M&V Tool for Universal Translator
Additional M&V Guidelines from CCC
Option A
Option B component based
Option D simulations
Non-IPMVP adherent methods
ASHRAE TRFP