Lecture #1b

Understanding of Subject
The relationship among structures,
properties, processing, and
performance of materials
Better understanding of
structure-composition-properties
Lecture #1b
The Materials World
Stone age:
2 million years
Natural materials: wood, stone, bone, skin, etc.
Applications: tools & weapons
Bronze age:
After stone age ended 5000 years ago
First usage was found at northern Iraq
Applications: superior tools and weapons
Iron age:
Began 3000 years ago
Replace bronze cheaper and stronger
Applications: superior tools and weapons
Development of advanced materials
(e.g. plastics, glass, composite, semiconductors, ceramics)
Lecture #1b
Enquiries??
Lecture #1b
Materials Science..
Materials Engineering..
Lecture #1b
Materials Science & Engineering
Basic knowledge
of materials
Resultant knowledge
of the structure,
properties, processing,
and performance of
engineering materials
Applied knowledge
of materials
Materials science Materials engineering
Materials science
& engineering
Lecture #1b

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Materials Science & Engineering
Lecture #1b
ENGINEERING
MATERIALS
Mechanical
properties
&
Physical
properties
Lecture #1b
Properties of Materials
Properties are the way material responds to environmental and external
forces;

Mechanical properties: Response to mechanical forces, strength and etc.

Electrical and magnetic properties: Response to electrical and magnetic
fields, conductivity and etc

Thermal properties are related to transmission of heat and heat capacity
Optical properties include to absorption, transmission and scattering of
lights

Chemical stability in contact with environment corrosion resistance

Lecture #1b
Engineering Materials Application
Lecture #1b
Metallic Materials
Definition:
Inorganic substances which composed of one or two
metallic elements and may also contain nonmetallic elements.
Properties:
Crystalline structure,
Good thermal and electrical conductors,
Strong and ductile at room temperature,
Good strength at high temperature,
Shiny when polished.
Metals and alloys classification:
Ferrous metals and alloys (steels, cast irons)
Nonferrous metals and alloys (aluminium, copper,
zinc, titanium, nickel)

Examples:
Metallic elements:
iron, copper, aluminium,
nickel, titanium.

Nonmetallic elements:
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen.

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Application of Metallic Materials
Application: Aircraft Turbine Engine
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Polymeric Materials
Definition:
Consist of organic long molecular
Chains or networks.
Properties:
Structure: most are crystalline, some are mix.
Vary strength, and ductility.
Poor conductors of electricity
Good insulators
Low density, low softening temperature.
Application example:
Manufacturing of digital video disks (DVDs)
Lecture #1b
Ceramic Materials
Definition:
Inorganic substances consist of metallic elements and
nonmetallic elements chemically bonded.
There are usually combination of metals or semiconductor
with oxygen, nitrogen or carbon (oxides, nitrides or
carbide).
Properties:

Structure: Crystalline, non-crystalline, mixtures of both.
High hardness, high temperature strength.
Brittle, light weight, high strength.
Good heat and wear resistance, reduced friction.
Insulative properties.
Lecture #1b
Applications of Ceramic Materials
Domestic
Engineering Building
Industry
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Applications of Ceramic Materials
a) Advanced engine applications. b) Turbocharged diesel engine
Lecture #1b
Composite Materials
Composite is a material which is made up of two or more
distinct materials (matrix and reinforcement).
Types of composite:
PMC, MMC, CMC
The reinforcement is
usually stiffer than the
matrix, thus stiffening the
composite material.
Example:
A familiar composite is concrete, which is
basically made up of sand and cement.
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Applications of Composite Materials
Lecture #1b
Applications of Composite Materials
Lecture #1b
Electronic materials-semiconductor
Unique properties :
Capable to alter electrical conductivities in
their surface chemistries in very localized
areas (E.g. Integrated Circuit).
The conductivity is as good as metals
because no free electron and the electron
valence is full.

Lecture #1b
Electronic materials-Semiconductor
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Engineering Materials Production
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Engineering Materials Usage
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Competitive Costs of Engineering Materials
Lecture #1b
1. What is engineering materials?
2. What are the main classes of engineering materials?
3. Define a composite material. Give 3 examples of a
composite material and the applications.
4. Define materials science and materials engineering.
5. List the important properties of each of the
engineering materials you have learnt.
6. List some materials usage that you have observed
over a period of time in some manufactured
products. What reasons can you give for the
changes that have occurred?
Tutorial
Lecture #1b
Thank You