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45000
4, 500
10
lb P
f
The directions of applied
flange loads in bay (2) which
is equivalent to applied
torsion of 120,000 in lb are
shown here
Fig A21.39 shows the
directions of applied
flange forces in bay (1)
at rib (A) which creates
tension on the top flange
of the front beam in bay
(2)
Note that the directions of flange forces shown in these two
pictures are in the sense of applied twisting moment
f
Fig A21.39 shows the
directions of applied
flange forces in bay (1) at
rib (A) which creates
tension on the top flange
of the front beam in bay
(2)
These applied axial load on the flanges at station 50 on
bay (1) must dissipate to zero at station 70 as station 70 is
subjected to pure torsional moment and therefore no axial
loads on the flanges can exist
f
According to Saint Venant
principle the stresses resulting
from such an internal force
system will be negligible at a
distance from the forces
This distance, in case of a cut-
out, is usually assumed as
approximately equal to the
width of the cut-out or in
general to the width of the
adjacent bay
Thus in fig A21.39 the flange
applied load of 4500 lb is
assumed to dissipate to zero at
an uniform rate over a distance
of 20.
4500
225 /
20
lb in
applied
Thus the change in axial
applied load/in
f
Fig A21.40 shows a segment 1
wide cut from bay (1) with the
applied P load on each flange
member
To find the applied shear flow
on the cross-section the front
web is first assumed cut and
thus the static shear flow
equation becomes q
S
= P
starting from the cut face where
q
S
= 0
The applied shear flow is shown
in fig A21.40
Fig A21.40
y o
P
q q
d
a
b
c
d
o
225
1 1
225
225 0
1 1
ab
bc ab
Pat a
q
d
Pat b
q q
d
f
For equilibrium of the cross-section, the moments of forces in the plane
of the cross section must equal zero
Taking moments of only the inplane forces about the lower left corner:
M = 225 x 40 x 10 = 90000 inlb
For equilibrium a moment of -90000 in lb is necessary
Thus a constant shear flow q must added to develop a moment of -90000
inlb
90000
112.5
2 40 10
q inlb
f
Adding this constant shear flow to
fig A21.40 the final applied shear
flow is shown in fig A21.41
f
This applied shear flow force system is caused on
cross sections of bay (1) due to applied differential
bending of the beams on bay (2)
f
This is the applied shear
flow in bay (1) due to
section to section
variation of applied axial
loads on the flanges of
the front and rear beams
The applied shear flow
shown in fig A21.41 acts
at each and every section
of bay (1) right up to rib
(A)
This applied shear flow
does not exist in bay (2).
Therefore the applied
shear flow loads on rib
(A) is as per fig A21.41
This is the additional applied shear flow on rib (A) due to applied differential
bending on front and rear beams in bending
f
Therefore the applied shear flows in fig A21.41 are
the applied boundary loads to rib (A) and this must
be added to the rib (A) loads of fig A21.37
The final rib loads on rib (A) is shown in fig A21.42
This applied shear flow is due to
80,000 torsion in bay (1) and
vertical beam web load of 3000 lb
which is equivalent to the applied
torsion of 120,000 in lb
This applied shear flow is due to
variable axial loads on the beam
flanges which are due to flange
loads in bay (2) as a result of
differential bending
f
With the final rib (A) loads known, the rib flange and
web stresses can be found as previously explained
f
A21.9 Example problem: Wing with cut-out subjected to
bending and torsional loads:
Fig A21.43 shows a portion of a 4-stringer single cell
cantilever beam composed of 3 bays formed by 4-ribs
The loads on the structure consist of loads applied at the
end of bay (1) as shown
The areas of corner stringers a,b,c, and d as shown in ( )
adjacent to each stringer
The middle bay (8) has no skin on the bottom surface or
in other wards, the middle bay has a channel cross
section
It often happens in practical wings to provide space for
the retraced landing gear
The problem is to find the shear flows in bay (1) and bay
(2) and the boundary loads on rib (A) between (1) and (2)