SUBMANDIBULAR REGION

Includes str in area bet the

mandible and hyoid bone
 MUSCLE OF THE REGION
The muscles of this region are the
suprahyoid muscle group
This group consist of
Digastric
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Hyoglossus
 Digastric

Origin
Anterior belly from digastric fossa of
mandible
Post belly fom mastoid notch of temporal
bone
Insertion
Ant belly and post belly insert in th joining
tendon held by fibrous pulley att to hyoid
Nerve supply
Ant belly- mylohyoid nerve
Post belly- facial nerve
Actions
Helps to depress the mandible
Elevates the hyoid bone
 DIGASTRIC
Origin
Ant belly: digatric fossa on post surface of
symphysis menti. Post belly: base of med aspect
of mastoid process
Action
Elevates hyoid bone. Aids swallowing and
depresses mandible
Insertion
Fibrous loop to lesser cornu of hyoid bone
Nerve
Ant belly: mylohyoid N (Vc). Post belly: facial N
(VII)
 STYLOHYOID

Origin
Base of styloid process
Action
Elevates and retracts hyoid bone. Aids
swallowing and elevates larynx
Insertion
Base of greater cornu of hyoid bone
Nerve
Mandibular br of facial N (VII)
 MYLOHYOID
Origin
Mylohyoid line on int aspect of mandible
Action
Elevates hyoid bone, supports and raises floor of
mouth . Aids in mastication and swallowing
Insertion
Ant three quarters : midline raphe. Post quarter:
sup border of body of hyoid bone
Nerve
Mylohyoid N (Vc)
 GENIOHYOID

Origin
Inf mental spine on post surface of symphysis
menti
Action
Elevates and protracts hyoid bone. Depresses
mandible
Insertion
Sup border of body of hyoid bone
Nerve
C1 fibres carried by hypoglossal N (XII)
 HYOGLOSSUS

Origin
Sup border of greater cornu of hyoid bone
Action
Depresses tongue
Insertion
Lat sides of tongue
Nerve
Hypoglossal N (XII)
Submandibular salivary gland
This is large salivary gland situated in the
ant part of digastric triangle
Size of walnut
J-shaped, indented by stylohyoid dividing
into a large superficial and a small deep
part
 Superficial part
Fills the digastric triangle
Extends upto mylohyoid line
Three surfaces
-Inferior
-Lateral
-Medial
Enclosed between 2 layers of deep C fascia
 Relations of superficial part

Inf surface-
skin
platysma
cervical br of facial nr
deep fascia
facial vein
submandibular LN
Lateral surface –
submandibular fossa
insertion of medial pterygoid
facial art
Medial surface
Ant part- mylohyoid nerve and vessels
Middle part- hyoglossus, styloglossus lingual
nerve submand gland and hypoglossal nr
Post part-styloglossus,stylohyoid lig, 9th Nr,
wall of pharynx, inf overlaps post belly of
digastric and stylohyoid
 Deep part
Continuous with superficial part around
post border of mylohyoid
Small in size
Lies deep to mylohyoid
Superficial to hyoglossus and styloglossus
Extends ant up to sublingual gland
 Submandibular duct
Thin walled, 5cm long
Emerges at the ant end of deep part
Runs forward on hyoglossus between
lingual and hypoglossal nerve
Lingual nerve crosses the duct at the ant
end of hyoglossus muscle
Opens in the mouth just lateral to frenulum
 Blood and Nerve supply
Supplied by facial art
Drained by common facial vein/lingual
vein
Lymph drains in submandibular LN
Ns 1). Sensory- lingual
2). Secretomotor- chorda tympani
3). Vasomotor- sympth plexus around
facial art
 Applied anatomy
Excision of submand gland for calculus or
tumor is done by an incision below the jaw
 B. Submandibular Gland
Beneath floor of the mouth, inferior to mylohyoid muscles
and superior to digastric muscle.
Marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve travels in
the fascia on the lateral surface of this gland.
Parasympathetic secretory afferents to the
submandibular gland arise from the superior salivatory
nucleus, and leave the brainstem in the facial nerve.
They exit the facial nerve at the geniculate ganglion and
travel via the chorda tympani to the lingual nerve. Fibers
synapse in the submandibular ganglion, and post-
synaptic fibers then enter the gland.
The lingual and hypoglossal nerves lie deep to this gland.
Wharton's duct enters the floor of the mouth near the
lingual frenula.