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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

OF

LARGE SIZE ELEVATED COMPARTMENTAL


WATER TANK
MAJOR PROJECT

Guide By
Prof. G.N. Patel Chirag N. Patel
(06 MCL 011)
FLOW OF PRESENTATION
§INTRODUCTION
§OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
§LITERATURE REVIEW
§ SCOPE OF WORK
§ HYDRODYNAMIC PRESSURE CALCULATION
§ DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
§ ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF TANK,
- CONTAINER
- STAGING
- FOUNDATION
§ CONCLUSION
§ REFERENCES
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INTRODUCTION

§Water is a prime importance for life.


§For storing water and its distribution, Water tanks are largely used.
§ For supplying water at the longer distance sufficient head of water is
required so that for achieving the required head, Elevated tanks are
used.
§Liquid storage tanks are commonly used,
- In industries for storing chemicals, petroleum products, etc.
- In public water distribution systems.

§As per such special requirements,


- To store more than two types of liquid.
- Extra storage to make live supply during maintenance work
or cleaning purpose.

§ So, rather than construct two or more storage tanks it is quite economical
to construct large size storage tank with two or multi compartments.

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OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
§
§ The mainthe
During objective of the some
earthquake study isoftothe
understand the behaviour
tanks failed. of
Up till now
the multi compartmental
hydrostatic effect of watertank during
is been earthquake
considered, butand how
during
to consider hydrodynamic
earthquakes the hydrodynamic effectpressure
of waterforplays
seismic
an
analysis,
importantvarious
role. parameters affecting it and how to take care
of those parameters so as to achieve safety as well as
economy.
§ Moreover, Indian seismic code IS 1893:1984 has not been
revised since so long and draft code is recently circulated.

§ The final isobjective


But there is to for
no provision analyse and design
consideration large storage
of hydrodynamic effect
capacity elevated liquid
on compartmental compartmental water tank with different
storage tanks.
§ configurations and Carry out Parametric study of different
container
§ Looking today’sandscenario
staging configuration of tanks.
of infrastructure growth there is need
arising to construct compartmental liquid storage tanks for
general purpose. also there is no much work is presented for
the same.

4
LITERATURE REVIEW

§ Yu Tang et
IITK-GSDMA
S.C.Dutta A al.
simplified
Guidelines procedure
for Seismic
Authors aims for Design
to estimate computing thevariation
of Liquid
the range of dynamic
Storageof
response
torsional of lateral
Tanks Provisions
to flexible withtanks containing
commentary
natural period ratioandtwo forliquids
explanatory
usually under a lateral
examples.
constructed
§ base motion
reinforced of arbitrary
concrete temporary
elevated water variation
tanks with is proposed.
frame-type It
§ requires
Sajjad Sameer
staging theassessing
for input
et al. of ground
In their acceleration
this torsional
paper procedure
vulnerability.inis the rigid form
proposed
Closed tank
for
solutions
analysis of
expressions to be
for replaced
tank. The shear
torsional by
andthe inpseudo
thestiffness
lateral acceleration
columns of are function
tankobtained
staging
corresponding
assuming
are derivedthat and ittois the fundamental
proportional
verified by standardto themode ofelement
distance
finite vibration of the
of thesoftware.
column
tank-liquid
from bending
Closed form system.
axis of
expressions Thisthesimple
staging procedure
for moments and taking andis into
an extension
shear account
forcesthe of
the
shiftmethod
columns andused
in inflectionbeams for under
point the
in theevaluation
end panels
torsion of response
and dueunder
that to the quantities
flexibility
lateral for
of
force
flexible
girders.
are tanks
alsoThe restwith
derived. Itonly
of the one liquid.
isunknown
also forces
seen The
are the
with effect
computedhelpof of the soil-
by these
using
structure
equationsinteraction
expressions of the
thatstatictheonequilibrium
the response
frame stagingand of quantities
by assuming
these can
tanks thebe taken
location
normally
into
of theaccount.
designed points ofOnly
for seismic the
inflection.
lateralimpulsive
The method
force, component
may yield by of
proposed response
gives
formation goodof
quantities
plastic are considered
results ifhinges
staging consists in
simultaneously of the proposed
columns
in all equally
columnsapproach,
spaced
instead since
overof the
in
convective
periphery.
beams. component
The axial force can be in computed
columns and by considering
design-bending both
§ the tank and
moment its supporting
in bracings mediumby
are obtained to the
be rigid.
proposed method, by
§§ the finite element procedure and by the normal convectional
method (stiffness matrix method) and than comparison is done.
§
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SCOPE OF WORK

An attempt has been made to analyse and design large storage


capacity elevated compartmental water tank with different
configurations. Also make parametric study for rectangular and
circular shape compartmental tank.

§ Try to understand actual behaviour of the multi compartmental tank


during earthquakeand how to consider the hydrodynamic
pressure for seismic analysis.
§
§ Analysis and design of multi compartmental rectangular and circular
tank of different container configuration with reference of IS
1893 (Part-2) draft.
§
§ Perform Dynamic Analysis of compartmental tanks and compare it
with the draft code.
§
§ Carry out Parametric study of compartmental tank with different
container and staging configuration .

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Kc/2 Kc/2
mc
mi hc mc
hi

Kc

mi + ms
hs
mi + ms

Spring mass model


Ks mc
Ks
+ Kc

(a) Two degree of (b) Two uncoupled single degree of


freedom system freedom systems

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Resultant of impulsive pressure
on wall

(Impulsive Mode)
h *i

hi

Resultant of convective pressure


on wall

(Convective Mode)
h*c
hc

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ONE COMPARTMENT

TWO COMPARTMENT

THREE COMPARTMENT

RECTANGULAR CIRCULAR
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As per Draft Code 1893 (II)

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PLAN
RECTANGULAR TANK
Required Capacity Length (m) Width (m) Height (m) Actual Capacity
of Tank (m3) of Tank (m3)

1000 17.70 11.70 5.20 1077

W =
5 . 70 m
W = 11 . 70
m
W =
5 . 70 m

L = L = 17 . 70
17 . 70 m m

W 2 = 5 . 70
m

W 1 = 5 . 70
m

L1 = L2 =
11
11 . 70 m 5 . 70 m
CIRCULAR TANK
Required Capacity Diameter Height (m) Actual Capacity
of Tank (m3) (m) of Tank (m3)

1000 16.50 5.20 1047

D = D1 =
16 . 50 m 16 . 70 m

D2 =
11 . 70 m
D3 = D 1 = 16 . 70
12 . 70 m m

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D2 = 8.0
Other data assumed for the example is as shown below.
•Shape of container :Rectangular & Circular
•Capacity of tank :1000 m3
•Type / Height of staging :Trestle / 15 m
•Shape of column :Circular
•Width of brace :300 mm
•Depth of brace :500 mm
•Diameter of column :350 mm
•Depth of foundation :3.0 m
•Soil Type :Soft Soil
•Grade of concrete :M 25
•Grade of steel :Fe 415
•Permissible compressive stress in concrete :6 N/mm2
•Permissible compressive stress in steel :150 N/mm2
•Zone : IV
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Impulsive Mode Convective Mode

Base Shear
( )(
V = A m +m g
i hi i s
) V = A
c hc c
( )( )
m g

V = V2 + V 2
i c

Base Moment

i
( )
M = A m  h * + h  + m h  g
h i  i  i s s cg 
M
c
( h )c mc hc* + hs g
= A

M = M 2 +M 2
i c

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RECTANGULAR TANK
No. of Compartment Base Shear (V) kN Base Moment (M) kNm

One 890.62 16995.33


Two 909.44 17283.78
Three 993.38 19195.92

CIRCULAR TANK
No. of Compartment Base Shear (V) kNBase Moment (M) kNm

One 818.14 15091.38


Two 866.81 16340.75
Three 911.23 17204.92

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BASE SHEAR

10.34%
2.07%
0%

10.21%
0% 5.61%

16
BASE MOMENT

0% 1.66% 11.46%

12.28%
7.64%
0%

17
L
 L
m tanh 0.866 
i =  h
mi mc m
0.866
L
h

L
i
( )(
V = A m +m g
hi i s
)
V = ( A ) (m )g
mi mc
== c hc c

m +m
T = 2Π i s
L1 L2 i K
s
mi mc
m
T = c
c K
c
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

§TIME PERIOD
§BASE SHEAR

Comparison Between,

§IS 1893 (Part-2) Draft code


§SAP 2000 Software Results

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DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

Convective mass

Impulsive mass

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DYNAMIC ANALYSIS RESULTS

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CIRCULAR TANK

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RECTANGULAR TANK

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ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF CONTAINER

Rectangular Circular

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ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF CONTAINER

STAADPRO 2007
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ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF CONTAINER

STAADPRO 2007
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ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF CONTAINER

STAADPRO 2007
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ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF CONTAINER

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ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF CONTAINER
Design Summary for container wall (Rectangular Tank)
Roof slab

Thickness 170 mm

Reinforcement along X-direction 10 mm @ 220 mm c/c with alternate bent up

Reinforcement along Y-direction 10 mm @ 220 mm c/c with alternate bent up

Extra top bars @ support 10 mm @ 400 mm c/c

Container wall

Thickness 300 mm

Main Reinforcement 20 mm @ 150 mm c/c on both the face

Dist. Reinforcement 12 mm @ 160 mm c/c on both the face

Bottom slab

Thickness 300 mm

Main Reinforcement 12 mm @ 100 mm c/c with alternate bent up

Dist. Reinforcement 12 mm @ 100 mm c/c with alternate bent up

Extra top bars @ support 10 mm @ 320 mm c/c


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ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF CONTAINER
Reinforcement details for Rectangular tank container

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ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF CONTAINER
Design Summary for container wall (Circular Tank)
Roof slab

Thickness 200 mm

Radial Reinforcement 10 mm @ 160 mm c/c

Circumferential Reinforcement 10 mm @ 160 mm c/c

Extra top bars @ end support 10 mm @ 200 mm c/c

Container wall

Thickness 300 mm

Reinforcement (Circular) 12 mm @ 160 mm c/c on both the face

Reinforcement (Vertical) 12 mm @ 180-140 mm c/c on both the face

Bottom slab

Thickness 200 mm

Radial Reinforcement 10 mm @ 200 mm c/c

Circumferential Reinforcement 10 mm @ 200 mm c/c

Extra top bars @ end support 10 mm @ 400 mm c/c 31


ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF CONTAINER
Reinforcement details for Circular tank container

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ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF STAGING

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STAGING MODEL ( RECTANGULAR TANK )

Frame

Frame
Frame

Frame
Frame

Frame
Fram
eA

D
B

G
E

F
3 3 3 3 3 3

m m m m m m
C C C C C C C Frame
2 3 3 3 3 3 3 5
9 0 1 2 3 4 5 3

C C C C C C C m Frame
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4
2 3 4 5 6 7 3
8

C m Frame
C C C C C C
1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3
5 6 7 8 9 0 3
1

C C C C C C C m Frame
8 9 1 1 1 1 1 3 2
0 1 2 3 4
C C C C C C C m Fram
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 e1

Geometry of Staging Pattern

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STIFFNESS OF STAGING

P
Stiffness K =
Δ

STAADPRO 2007
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APPLICATION OF WIND LOAD
As per IS 875 (Part-3) Draft

STAADPRO 2007
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LOADING ON STAGING FOR ANALYSIS

(a) Horizontal base shear (b) Vertical load

STAADPRO 2007
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TORSIONAL ANALYSIS OF STAGING

W2 = 5.70
m
e

W1 = 5.70
m

L1 = 11.70 m L2 = 5.70 m

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Application of Direct Loading for Staging Analysis

817 . 46
kN

STAADPRO 2007
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STAGING DISPLACEMENT
Due to Loading Eccentricity

.
Eq

EL ± 0.3EL
x
− EL ± 0.3EL
y
Rotation
x y

sion
res
p
m
Tension Co

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Design Summary For Staging Column & Brace

Column

Diameter of column 350 mm

Main Reinforcement in column 8-25#

Lateral ties in column 12mm @ 200 c/c

Brace

Size of brace 300 mm x 400 mm

Bars at top and bottom for Bending moment 3-20#

Shear reinforcement @ mid span 10mm 2L @ 150 c/c

Shear reinforcement @ support span 10mm 2L @ 120 c/c

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Structural Detailing for Staging Column & Brace

Structural detailing for Column Structural detailing for Brace

Structural detailing for column - brace junction 42


TANK FOUNDATION

X X

P1
P2

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Design Summary For Foundation
Rectangular Tank foundation
Reinforcement for raft slab 12mm @ 240c/c both way
Circular Tank foundation
Outer diameter of raft slab 21.3 m
Soil pressure 160 kN/m2
Overhang portion ‘x’ for raft slab 2.0 m
Depth of raft slab 450 mm
Reinforcement for raft slab 25mm @ 240c/c as radial and
20mm @ 250c/c as Circumferential

Depth of raft beam 1200 mm


Reinforcements of raft beam 
3-32 at top and bottom for torsion.

3-32 at support and 5-32 at mid for negative and
positive bending moment.

2-16 as side reinforcement

12mm @ 140 c/c shear stirrups

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Structural Detailing for Foundation (Rectangular Tank)

45
Structural Detailing for Foundation (Circular Tank)

Structural details for Raft Beam of circular tank foundation 46


Structural Detailing for Foundation (Circular Tank)

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PARAMETRIC STUDY

§RECTANGULAR TANK

Comparison Between,

§Staging with 35 No. of Column


§Staging with 29 No. of Column

§CIRCULAR TANK
Comparison Between,

§Staging with 25 No. of Column


§Staging with 19 No. of Column
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PARAMETRIC STUDY

18.00 m

12.00 m

STAGING GEOMETRY (RECTANGULAR TANK – 35 COLUMNS)


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PARAMETRIC STUDY

18.00 m

12.00 m

STAGING GEOMETRY (RECTANGULAR TANK – 29 COLUMNS)


50
PARAMETRIC STUDY

Steel quantity of staging for Rectangular Tanks


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PARAMETRIC STUDY

Concrete quantity of staging for Rectangular Tanks


52
PARAMETRIC STUDY
17.00 m

STAGING GEOMETRY (CIRCULAR TANK – 25 COLUMNS)


53
PARAMETRIC STUDY
17.00 m

STAGING GEOMETRY (CIRCULAR TANK – 19 COLUMNS)


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PARAMETRIC STUDY

Steel quantity of staging for Circular Tanks


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PARAMETRIC STUDY

Concrete quantity of staging for Circular Tanks


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CONCLUSIONS
§
§The major portion of water is in impulsive mode and play effective
role in increment of base shear and moment.
§As per draft code, the time period for impulsive mode of vibration is
much less than that of convective one. As a result horizontal
seismic coefficient, base shear, and base moment for impulsive
mode are more than convective mode. These results are different
when software is used.

§The sloshing effect observed during earthquakes is due to


convective mass .
§The total hydrodynamic pressure is raging between 1.5 % to 2.5 %
of hydrostatic pressure. Also, by providing compartments in tanks
there is no more than 1.5% increment in base shear and moment
has been observed.
§Torsional moment of staging has greater influence on seismic
quantities, for elevated rectangular compartmental water tank.
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FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK

The same type of study considering different capacity and shape of tank.
Different types of foundation can be studied to give different end
conditions.
One can also study the effect of container compartments on different
type of staging configuration.
Dynamic analysis of compartmental tank with soil structure interaction.
It can also be studied for shaft type staging and a comparison can be
made for economy and suitability with bracing type staging.
It can also be studied using steel precast staging and compared with the
present study.
 It can also be studied by providing base isolation.

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PAPER COMMUNICATED
• Chirag N. Patel and G.N.Patel, “Seismic Analysis of Elevated Tank with
Multiple Compartments As Per IS: 1893 Draft Code (Part-2)”, National
Seminar on Recent Trends in Geotechnical and Structural Engineering
(RTGSE-2007), Jaipur, 22-23 December 2007.

• Chirag N. Patel and G.N.Patel, “Dynamic Analysis of Elevated Tank with


Multiple Compartments using FEM with SAP 2000 As Per IS: 1893
Draft Code (Part-2)”, National Conference on Infrastructure Development in
Civil Engineering.(IDCE-2008), Hamirpur, 16-17 May 2008.

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REFERENCES
•IITK-GSDMA Guidelines for Seismic Design of Liquid Storage Tanks
Provisions with commentary and explanatory examples.
•IS 11682:1985, “Criteria for Design of RCC Staging for Overhead
Water Tanks”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
•IS 3370 (part-1) Draft, “Code of Practice for Concrete Structures for
the Storage of Liquid – General requirements”, Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi.
•IS 1893:1984, “Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of
Structures”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
•IS 875 (part-3): “Wind loads on Buildings and Structures, -Proposed
Draft and Commentary”, IITK-GSDMA.
•IS 456:2000, “Plain and Reinforced Concrete, - Code of Practice”,
Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
•IS 875 (part-3):1987, “Code of Practice for Design Loads (other than
earthquake) for Buildings and Structures, - wind load”, Bureau of
Indian Standards, New Delhi.
•IS 1893 (part-1):2002, “Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of
Structures, - General Provisions and Buildings”, Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi.
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REFERENCES
An Explanatory Handbook on IS 875 (part 3), Wind loads on Buildings and
Structures, IITK-GSDMA.
Jain,O.P., Prakash Ananad, Singh K.K., & Saxena S.P.," Estimation Of Materials
And Cost Of Optimum Design Of Intze Tanks", Indian Concrete Journal, June,
1979.
Jain, O.P. & K.K Singh, "Computer Analysis of Intze Tanks ", Indian Concrete
Journal, August, 1977.
Jain L.K. & Choube O.M.," Rapid Method of Estimating Deflections Of Tower Of
Overhead Tanks "Indian Concrete Journal, Oct-1980.
P.Dayaratnam, Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures Vol-2, Ninth Edition,
Oxford & IBH Publications, 2004.
Jai Krishna and O.P.Jain, Plain and Reinforced Concrete Structures Vol-2, Fifth
Edition, New chand & Bros., 2003.
S.Ramamrutham and R.Narayan, Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures,
Twelfth Edition, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, 2004.
Jain A.K., "Reinforced Concrete Limited State Design", Nem Chand & bros
rookie, 2002
Yu Tang, “Dynamic Response of Tank containing two liquids”, Journal of
Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, March-1993, Vol-125,No. 3 Pg-531.

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THANK
YOU
ALL
62

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