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Newton’s Law
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Newton’s Laws
✦ Newton’s First Law
◆ Law of Inertia
✦ Law of Universal
Gravitation Gmm'
F= 2
r
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Mass
✦ …is measured in kilograms.
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Force
✦ …the agency of change.
✦ ...measured in Newton’s.
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Newton’s First Law
✦ Law of Inertia
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Newton’s First Law
✦ No mention of chemical composition
✦ No mention of terrestrial or celestial
realms
✦ Force required when object changes
motion
✦ Acceleration is the observable
consequence of forces acting
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Newton’s Second Law
The Sum of the Forces acting
on a body is proportional to
the acceleration that the body
experiences
Σ F∝a
Σ F = (mass) a
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F = ma
Net Force ∑ Fx = ma x
∑ Fy = ma y
∑ Fz = ma z
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Newton’s Third Law
✦ Action-Reaction
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The Law of Gravity
✦ Every mass exerts a force of attraction on
every other mass.
✦ The math…
Gmm'
F= 2
r
✦G = 6.67 × 10-11 N·m2/kg2
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Gravity Questions
✦ Did the Moon exert a gravitational force on
the Apollo astronauts?
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Gravity Questions
✦ The constant G is a rather small number.
What kind of objects can exert strong
gravitational forces?
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Weight
✦ The weight of an object FW is the
gravitational force acting downward on the
object.
✦ FW = m g
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Tension
(Tensile Force)
✦ FT
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Normal Force
✦ The normal force on an object that is being
supported by a surface is the component of
the supporting force that is perpendicular to
the surface.
✦ FN
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Coefficient of Friction
Kinetic Friction
• Ff = µ k FN
✦ Static Friction
• Ff ≤ µ s FN
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On to problems...