Contents

Abstract
Introduction
VRD (Virtual Retinal Display) Basics
Basic diagram of VRD
Key features of VRD
VRD System Overview
Applications
VRD versus Pixel Based Displays
Future Scope
Conclusion
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Abstract

The Virtual Retinal Display (VRD) is a personal display
device.

The VRD scans light directly onto the viewer's retina.

The special consequences of its mechanism of action and
potential medical applications of the VRD.

Surgical displays and displays for people with low vision.
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Introduction

Invented at the University of Washington in the Human
Interface Technology Lab (HIT) in 1991. by Dr. Thomas.
The development began in November 1993.
New technology for creating visual images.
Creates images by scanning light directly on to retina of
eye.
Because scans light directly on the retina, the VRD is not a
screen based technology.
Full colour, high resolution, high brightness, wide field of
view virtual display without flickering.
Potential applications for military, aerospace, engineering,
medical fields.
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VRD (Virtual Retinal Display) Basics


Uses scanned light beams.
Small spot is focused onto the retina.
Swept over it in a raster pattern.
LED triads of R,G&B emits light. Mixing in proportions
can produce any colour.
As light scans the retina, it is intensity modulated by the
video signal.
The VRD uses very low power and yet can be very
bright.


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Basic diagram of VRD

VRD consists of a light source, a modulator, vertical and
horizontal scanners, and imaging optics. On a basic level,
as shown in the following figure1:




The resultant imaged formed on the retina is perceived as a
wide field of view image originating from some viewing
distance in space.




Figure1:Basic block diagram of VRD
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Basic diagram of VRD(cont.)
The following figure illustrates the light raster on the retina
and retina converts the light into signals that percolate
into your brain via the optic nerve and the resultant image
perceived in space.






Figure2: The viewer perceives a wide field of view image as if from a
screen placed some distance away.

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Key features of VRD

Size and Weight: Small size as no intermediate screen is
present.
Power consumption: Light sources consume very less
power in order of milli watts.
Resolution: Give high resolutions well over a million
pixels.
Brightness: Provide very good brightness levels even for
see through mode in day light.
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Key features of VRD(cont.)
Field of view: Inclusive systems provide horizontal
field of view 60-100 degrees.

Stereoscopic display: Supports stereoscopic
display as both eyes can be separately
addressed.Thus provides a good approximation to
natural vision.

Inclusive & See through: See through works very
well even at very high illumination conditions.

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VRD System Overview

Laser sources are introduced into a fiber optic strand which brings
light to the Mechanical Resonance Scanner (MRS).
The MRS is the heart of the system.
As the MRS mirror moves, the light is scanned in the horizontal
direction for both the forward and reverse direction of the oscillation.
The scanned light is then passed to a mirror galvanometer or
second MRS which then scans the light in the vertical direction.









Figure 3. Block Diagram of VRD systems










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Applications
VRDs can reduce the read-time and can act as always
present guides for many tasks.
The various fields of application of VRD technology are listed.
Radiology
Surgery
Therapeutics
Production
Communication
Augmented \ Virtual reality
Aerospace
Military

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VRD versus Pixel Based Displays

The differences between the pixel based display and the
VRD:

Pixel Based Display VRD
Illumination constant over whole pixel Light scanned across retina
persistent light emission Short transient light emission
non coherent light Coherent light
broadband color Narrow band color
pixels separated by mask Spot can overlap retinels in
scans


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Future Scope

When cost of production falls further, we will see VRDs
fulfilling many functions and applications.

Future systems will be even more compact with the
advent of MEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical System)
scanners, miniature laser diodes and application specific
IC technology.

Another key development to come is the advent of
Augmented Reality display systems to assist people in
their various tasks.

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Conclusion
The VRD is a safe new display technology.

The combination of high brightness and contrast and high
resolution make the VRD an ideal candidate for use in a
surgical display.

If cost continues to fall, we will see VRDs fulfill many
functions and applications.

VRD to be a display technology for patients with low
vision.

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Thanks To All
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