Piping

Components
Presented by Kundan Kumar (Piping Speciality)
An Overview Of
The term piping refers to the overall network of
various components used to measure, control,
condition, and convey fluids.
Piping components:
Pipe
Fittings
Flanges
Valves
Gaskets
Fasteners
Special Components


Piping Components
Piping Components
Codes and Standards


CODES
DESCRIPTION ASME SPEC NUMBER
Code for Power Piping. ASME B31.1
Process Piping ASME B31.3
Code for Liquid Transportation Systems ASME B31.4
Code for Gas Transmission and Distribution Systems ASME B31.8
Piping Components
Codes and Standards


STANDARDS
DESCRIPTION ASME SPEC NUMBER
Welded and seamless wrought Steel pipes. ASME B36.10M
Welded and seamless wrought Stainless Steel pipes. ASME B36.19M
Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings ASME B16.5
Factory made Wrought Steel Butt-Welding Fittings. ASME B16.9
Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Valves ASME B16.10
Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and Threaded. ASME B16.11
Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges Ring-Joint, Spiral-Wound, and Jacketed ASME B16.20
Non-Metallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges ASME B16.21
Buttwelding Ends ASME B16.25
Valves Flanged, Threaded and Welding End ASME B16.34
Orifice Flanges. ASME B16.36
Large Diameter Steel Flanges ASME B16.47
Steel Line Blanks ASME B16.48
Square and Hex. Bolts and Screws (Inch Series). ASME B18.2.1
Square and Hex. Nuts (Inch Series). ASME B18.2.2
Piping Components
Concept of Schedule in Piping Components.

Schedule denotes the required Wall
thickness for any given Pipe, Fitting and
Flange. Please ref Table-I for Standard
Schedule.


Piping Components
Piping Components
Pipe
Elbows
Tees (Equal and Red.)
Lateral (Equal and Red.)
End Caps
Reducers
Stub end
Couplings
Flanges
Olet fittings
Nipple

Plugs
Swage nipples
Spectacle blinds and
spacers
Studs
Gaskets
Valves
Piping Specials
List Of Piping Components

Piping Components
Pipes
Closed annular circular cross sectional conduit used to convey fluid
is known as pipe.
The size of all pipe is identified by the nominal pipe size (NPS)
the outside diameters of tubes are numerically identical to the size
number for all sizes






Up to and including size 12 inch the outside diameter is more than the
size designator.
Outside diameter of NPS 14 and larger pipe is the same as the size
designator in inches
Prevalent Piping Specifications


Piping Components
Piping Components
Fittings Nipples
Basically these are straight pipe lengths cut in fixed lengths as specified
By purchaser (75mm, 100mm, 200mm Long) with different end connections
End Connections are:-
Plain Both Ends (PBE)
Both Threaded Ends (BTE)
One end Plain other end
Threaded (POExTOE)

Piping Components
Fittings - 90 Deg Elbow
Enables the pipe run to be turned through a Right Angle Radius of
1.5 times nominal pipe size.


Butt Welded Socket Welded Threaded
Piping Components
Fittings - 45 Deg Elbow
Enables the pipe run to be turned through 45 Deg, Radius of 1.5
times nominal pipe size.


Butt Welded Socket Welded Threaded
Piping Components
Fittings - Caps
Used to blank off at the END of Pipe Work.


Butt Welded Socket Welded Threaded
Piping Components
Fittings Concentric Reducer and Swage Nipple
Used to Connect Pipes with two different diameters. No change in
line Elevation.


Butt Welded
Reducer
Swage Nipple Threaded Swage
Nipple
Piping Components
Fittings Eccentric Reducer and Swage Nipple
Used to Connect Pipes with two different diameters. Has one side
straight allowing the pipe run to stay flat changing the elevation and
is preferred for some specific cases.


Butt Welded
Reducer
Swage Nipple Threaded Swage
Nipple
Piping Components
Fittings Stub End
Stub Ends are welded to Pipe with a CS backing Flange. Mainly used
for Cost Reduction.
Stub End
Piping Components
Fittings Full Coupling
It is used to connect two components which have plain or threaded
end connection. It is used as an inline fitting.
Socket welded
Threaded
Piping Components
Branch Fittings - Equal TEE
Allows connection of a branch at Right Angles from Main Pipe
Header. Branch size has same dimensions as Main Pipe Header.


Butt Welded Socket Welded Threaded
Piping Components
Branch Fittings - Reducing TEE
Allows connection of a branch at Right Angles from Main Pipe
Header. Branch size has same dimensions as Main Pipe Header.


Butt Welded Socket Welded Threaded
Piping Components
Branch Fittings Half Coupling
Allows to take a reducing branch connection from a Main Pipe
Header. The Connection of a branch is at Right Angles from Main
Pipe Header


Socket Welded Threaded
Piping Components
Branch Fittings Olets
Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch connection from a
Main Header.

Various types of Olets available are listed below:-

SOCKOLET
WELDOLET
ENDDOLET
ELBOLET
THREADOLET
LATROLET
NIPPOLET
Piping Components
Branch Fittings Sockolet
Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch
connection from a Main Header, the branch connection
will be of Socket welded type
Piping Components
Branch Fittings Weldolet
Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch
connection from a Main Header, the branch connection
will be of Butt welded type
Piping Components
Branch Fittings Elbolet
Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch
connection from a Elbow of Main Header, the branch connection
Can be Butt or Socket welded Or Threaded type.
Socket Welded Threaded Butt Welded
Piping Components
Branch Fittings Threadolet
Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch
connection from a Main Header, the branch connection
will be of Threaded type
Piping Components
Branch Fittings Latrolet
Allows to take a self reinforced reducing branch
connection from a Main Header at a 45 deg angle, the branch connection
Can be Butt or Socket welded Or Threaded type.
Socket Welded Threaded Butt Welded
Piping Components
Flange
Flange J oints are used where joints need to be detached frequently
due to maintenance or any other means. Flange joints are to be used
always in pairs and are hold together by Bolts with proper Gaskets
installed between the two flange facing. Various types of flange are
being used in engineering.
Types of Flange used in Engineering:-
Weld neck Flanges
Socket Weld Flanges
Lap J oint Flanges
Ring J oint Flanges
Tongue and Groove J oint Flanges
Slip-On Flanges
Threaded Flanges
Blind Flanges
Piping Components
Flanges Weld Neck
Weld neck Flanges are drilled (machined) with the wall
thickness of the flange having the same dimensions of
the matching pipe. The lighter the pipe is, the larger the
bore, conversely, the heavier the pipe, the smaller the
bore. They are normally used for high-pressure, cold or
hot temperature. The Welding End of the flange is
j o i n ed t o t h e p i p i n g b y B u t t wel d i n g .
Piping Components
Flanges Slip-On
A Slip-on Flange is bored slightly larger than the outer Diameter of
the matching pipe. The pipe slips into the flange prior to welding,
Welding is done from both inside and outside to prevent leaks.
Piping Components
Flanges Socket Weld
This flange is similar to slip-on flange, except the bore and a
counter bore. The counter bore is slightly larger than the Outer
Diameter of the matching pipe, allowing the pipe to be inserted. A
restriction is built into the bottom of the bore, which acts as a
shoulder for the pipe to rest on, and has the same ID of matching
pipe. The flow is not restricted in any direction. The Welding End
of the flange is joined to the piping by Socket welding.
Piping Components
Flanges Lap J oint
Lap J oint Flanges are similar to slip-on flanges, the difference is it
has a curved radius at the bore and face to accommodate a lap
joint stub end. The lap joint flange and stub end assembly are
normally used for cost reduction.
Piping Components
Flanges Threaded
This flange is similar to Socket weld flange, except the bore is
threaded (Female threaded). Component joining this flange should
have a male thread for installation.
Piping Components
Flanges Blind
This is used to Close the End of a Flanged Piping or Nozzle
Piping Components
Flange Ring Type
This type of flanges will have a groove on both the matching
surface in which a ring gasket will be used for sealing. These
Flanges are normally used in High Pressure systems.
Piping Components
Flange Tongue and Groove Type
This type of flanges will have a groove on one flange surface and
on the Other flange it will have a projection on the surface to
match the groove and a proper Seal shall be installed for Bolting.
These Flanges are normally used in High Pressure systems.
Piping Components
Flanges Orifice
This is similar to the Weld Neck Flange with additional tapings on
the Flange thickness. These tapings are used for Instrument
connections. The number of taps (2 at 180 deg apart OR 4 at 90
deg apart) needs to be specified by purchaser depending on the
process requirement.
Piping Components
Spectacle Blind
This is also know as FIG 8. These are used for Positive Isolation.
For Larger size depending on pressure Rating the spectacle
blinds are made in to two different components SPACER and
BLIND.
FIG 8
BLIND
SPACER
Piping Components
Typical J oints Used for inter connecting piping
components

Bell And Spigot J oint
Butt Welded J oint Socket Welded J oint
Threaded J oint Flanged J oint
SAMSUNG ENGINEERING INDIA P LTD.
An Overview of Piping Material Specification
Valves:
Type Purpose
Gate On / Off
Globe Throttle / Regulation
Check Restrict flow in one
direction
Butterfly On / Off / Regulation
Ball On / Off
Standard Gate Valve Part List: API
600
SAMSUNG ENGINEERING INDIA P LTD.
An Overview of Piping Material Specification
SAMSUNG ENGINEERING INDIA P LTD.
An Overview of Piping Material Specification
Valve Trim Material, Temperature Limits (Fahrenheit, Only for guidance)
SAMSUNG ENGINEERING INDIA P LTD.
An Overview of Piping Material Specification
Trim Material Characteristics (Only for guidance)
Gate Valve Ball Valve
SAMSUNG ENGINEERING INDIA P LTD.
An Overview of Piping Material Specification
Butterfly Valve
Swing Check
Valve
Dual Plate
Check Valve
Piping Specials
These are used to accomplish specialized functions in piping systems:
Item Purpose
Strainers to control solid particle size in the media
Steam Traps to remove condensate from steam lines
Air Traps to remove moisture from air lines
Flame Arrestors to prevent propagation of fire into equipments
Sight Glasses to provide visibility to flow
Vent Silencers to reduce noise level
Hoses to provide flexible connections in piping system
Sample Coolers to facilitate sample collection
Valve Interlocks to ensure operating sequence of valve systems

Piping Components
Piping Components
Flame Arrestor Sight Glass Sample Cooler
Piping Components
Thermodynamic Ball Float Bimetallic Inverted
Bucket
some of the common types of steam traps
Piping Components