Notes For 1114 1118 1119 1121 1122

Have fun with writing today! Take your time, use your imagination, be creative.
Use
adjectives and adverbs and exciting nouns and verbs to make your rap the best. The last
words in each line should rhyme. Keep yours a secretwe are going to share our raps
before the test on Friday.
Quotation Marks
What are quotation marks?
Quotation marks are used around direct
quotations: someones speech or writing
repeated exactly, word for word.

DIRECT QUOTATION: Helen asked, Can I borrow
your car?

Quotation marks are not used around indirect
quotations: restatements of what someone
said or wrote, not word for word.

INDIRECT QUOTATION: Helen asked to borrow
my car.

When referring to a short work such as a magazine or
newspaper article, a chapter in a book, a short story,
an essay, a song, or a poem, put quotation marks
around the title of the work.

Usually, the titles of longer works are underlined or
italicized.

(See your textbook for more specific rules and
examples for using quotation marks.)

1. Choose the sentence that has no errors
in the use of quotation marks.

A) My sister told me that I must see this
movie.
B) My sister told me that I must see this
movie.
C) My sister told me that I, Must see this
movie.
D) none of the above
1. Choose the sentence that has no errors
in the use of quotation marks.

ANSWER:
A) My sister told me that I must see this
movie.
B) My sister told me that I must see this
movie.
C) My sister told me that I, Must see this
movie.
2. Choose the sentence that has no errors in the
use of quotation marks.

A) Sorry, no backpacks allowed, said the security guard.
B) Sorry, no backpacks allowed said the security guard.
C) Sorry, no backpacks allowed said the security guard.

ANSWER:
A) Sorry, no backpacks allowed, said the security
guard.
B) Sorry, no backpacks allowed said the security guard.
C) Sorry, no backpacks allowed said the security guard.


A) A little learning wrote Alexander Pope is a
dangerous thing.
B) A little learning wrote Alexander Pope, is a
dangerous thing.
C) A little learning, wrote Alexander Pope, is a
dangerous thing.
ANSWER:
A) A little learning wrote Alexander Pope is a
dangerous thing.
B) A little learning wrote Alexander Pope, is a
dangerous thing.
C) A little learning, wrote Alexander Pope, is a
dangerous thing.
A) Lola has been telling me for years that she wants
to leave her job.
B) Lola has been telling me for years that she wants
to leave her job.
C) Lola has been telling me for years, that she wants
to leave her job.
ANSWER:
A) Lola has been telling me for years that she wants
to leave her job.
B) Lola has been telling me for years that she wants
to leave her job.
C) Lola has been telling me for years, that she wants
to leave her job.
A) What do you mean by minor procedure, doctor?
asked the patient.
B) What do you mean by minor procedure, doctor?
asked the patient.
C) What do you mean by minor procedure, doctor?
asked the patient.
ANSWER:
A) What do you mean by minor procedure, doctor? asked the
patient.
B) What do you mean by minor procedure, doctor? asked the
patient.
C) What do you mean by minor procedure, doctor? asked the
patient.
A) The film Stand by Me was based on Stephen Kings
short story The Body.
B) The film Stand by Me was based on Stephen Kings
C) The film Stand by Me was based on Stephen Kings
ANSWER:
A) The film Stand by Me was based on Stephen Kings short story
The Body.
B) The film Stand by Me was based on Stephen Kings short story
The Body.
C) The film Stand by Me was based on Stephen Kings short story
The Body.
A) Piano Man may be the most annoying song in
history, said Benita.
B) Piano Man may be the most annoying song in
history said Benita.
C) Piano Man may be the most annoying song in
history, said Benita.
ANSWER:
A) Piano Man may be the most annoying song in history,
said Benita.
B) Piano Man may be the most annoying song in history said
Benita.
C) Piano Man may be the most annoying song in history, said Benita.

A) I have read the Bible and the Koran, Jonas said.
B) Jonas said that he has read the Bible and the Koran.
C) Jonas said that he has read the Bible and the
Koran.
ANSWER:
A) I have read the Bible and the Koran, Jonas said.
B) Jonas said that he has read the Bible and the
Koran.
C) Jonas said that he has read the Bible and the
Koran.
A) Theres an essay about The Godfather films in
this weeks New York Times.
B) Theres an essay about The Godfather films in
C) Theres an essay about The Godfather films in
ANSWER:
A) Theres an essay about The Godfather films in this weeks New
York Times.
B) Theres an essay about The Godfather films in this weeks New
York Times.
C) Theres an essay about The Godfather films in this weeks New
York Times.
D) none of the above; the correct revision is Theres an essay
about The Godfather films in this weeks New York Times.
10. Choose the sentence that has no errors in
the use of quotation marks.
A) Mr. Rivera said that he has read all of the Harry Potter books
except for Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.
B) Mr. Rivera said that he has read all of the Harry Potter books
C) Mr. Rivera said that he has read all of the Harry Potter books except
for Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.
10. Choose the sentence that has no errors in
the use of quotation marks.
ANSWER:
A) Mr. Rivera said that he has read all of the Harry Potter books
B) Mr. Rivera said that he has read all of the Harry Potter books
C) Mr. Rivera said that he has read all of the Harry Potter books
Adjectives and Adverbs
What is an adjective?
Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns. They
add information about what kind, which one,
or how many. In the following sentence, the
adjectives are in bold, and the words they
describe are underlined:

Two pretty swans swam in the calm water.

An adjective clause is a group of words that
describes a noun.

I enjoy people who like to laugh.

What is an adverb?
Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, and other
adverbs. They add information about how, how
much, when, where, or why. Adverbs often
end with ly. In the following sentences, the
adverbs are in bold, and the words they
describe are underlined:

You learn quickly. (Learn is a verb.)
You learn very quickly. (Quickly is an adverb.)
Really fast cars are expensive. (Fast is an
adjective.)

To compare two persons, places, or things, use the
comparative form of adjectives or adverbs. This form
often uses than.

You type faster than I do.
Robert is more thoughtful than Tyler.

To compare three or more persons, places, or things,
use the superlative form of adjectives or adverbs.
(See your textbook for more specific details and
advice.)

You type the fastest of anyone I know.
Robert is the most thoughtful of all of our friends.

Good, well, bad, and badly do not
follow the regular rules for
forming comparatives and
superlatives.

Comparative Superlative
Adjective
good better best
bad worse worst
Adverb
well better best
badly worse worst
1. Choose the correct word to complete
this sentence.
Milo plays the piano ______.

A) beautiful
B) beautifully
C) beauty
1. Choose the correct word to complete
this sentence.
Milo plays the piano ______.
ANSWER:
A) beautiful
B) beautifully
C) beauty
2. Choose the correct word to complete this
sentence.
The cats fur was _____.

A) softness
B) soft
C) softly

sentence.
The cats fur was _____.
ANSWER:
A) softness
B) soft
C) softly

sentence.
The ______ stove top burned my hand.

A) hotly
B) heat
C) hot
sentence.
The ______ stove top burned my hand.
ANSWER:
A) hotly
B) heat
C) hot
sentence.
The angry dog barked ______.

A) noise
B) noisily
C) noisy
sentence.
The angry dog barked ______.
ANSWER:
A) noise
B) noisily
C) noisy
sentence.
The student passed the test _____.

A) easily
B) easy
C) easiest
sentence.
The student passed the test _____.
ANSWER:
A) easily
B) easy
C) easiest
sentence.
The _____ favored team won the game.

A) heavy
B) heavily
C) heaviness

sentence.
The _____ favored team won the game.
ANSWER:
A) heavy
B) heavily
C) heaviness

sentence.
He ______ opened his birthday present.

A) happier
B) happy
C) happiest
sentence.
He ______ opened his birthday present.
ANSWER:
A) happier
B) happy
C) happiest
D) none of the above; happily would be correct.
sentence.
The Nile is _____ than the Mississippi River.

A) long
B) longest
C) longer
sentence.
The Nile is _____ than the Mississippi River.
ANSWER:
A) long
B) longest
C) longer
sentence.
Alice sang ______ than the others.

A) more beautiful
B) more beautifully
C) most beautiful
sentence.
Alice sang ______ than the others.
ANSWER:
A) more beautiful
B) more beautifully
C) most beautiful
sentence.
Whales are the ______ mammals.

A) largest
B) more largely
C) most larger
sentence.
Whales are the ______ mammals.
ANSWER:
A) largest
B) more largely
C) most larger
sentence.
Ted did _____ in school.

A) good
B) goodly
C) well
sentence.
Ted did _____ in school.
ANSWER:
A) good
B) goodly
C) well
sentence.
Yesterday, the weather was _____ in San Diego than
it was in Boston.

A) badly
B) well
C) worse

sentence.
Yesterday, the weather was _____ in San Diego than
it was in Boston.
ANSWER:
A) badly
B) well
C) worse

sentence.
We had a _____ time at the party.

A) worst
B) good
C) well
sentence.
We had a _____ time at the party.
ANSWER:
A) worst
B) good
C) well
sentence.
Jane swims very ______.

A) good
B) well
C) better

sentence.
Jane swims very ______.
ANSWER:
A) good
B) well
C) better

sentence.
I felt ____ after a nap.

A) bestest
B) better
C) worst
sentence.
I felt ____ after a nap.
ANSWER:
A) bestest
B) better
C) worst
With a partner or individually, complete these
exercises. Rewrite incorrect sentences with
the correct quotations:
Quotation Marks:
Practice 2: 593-594
Practice 4: 595-596
Paragraph Structure
What is a paragraph?
A paragraph is a short piece of writing that
presents a main point and supports it.
A paragraph consists of a topic sentence that
states your main point, body sentences that
support your main point, and a concluding
sentence that reminds readers of your main
point and makes an observation.
1. This year, I have tried to reduce my impact on the environment. 2. First, I am recycling more
items. 3. For a long time, I have recycled glass, metal, and paper, but now Im turning in old
electronics to recycling programs. 4. Second, I have started a compost pile so that Im not throwing
away kitchen scraps like vegetable peels, coffee grinds, and egg shells. 5. The compost pile has the
added benefit of providing rich soil for my garden. 6. This soil keeps my plants healthy so that I dont
have to use pesticides. 7. Third, I have replaced all of the incandescent light bulbs in my house with
fluorescent bulbs. 8. The fluorescent bulbs use less energy while providing good lighting. 9. These
actions may seem minor, but I believe that even small steps can help our environment, especially if
all of us take them.
1. Which is the topic sentence?
A) 5
B) 3
C) 1
2. Which are the body sentences?
A) 1-9
B) 2-8
C) 3-9
3. Which is the concluding sentence?
A) 9
B) 1
C) 8-9

1. This year, I have tried to reduce my impact on the environment. 2. First, I am recycling more items.
3. For a long time, I have recycled glass, metal, and paper, but now Im turning in old electronics to recycling
programs. 4. Second, I have started a compost pile so that Im not throwing away kitchen scraps like
vegetable peels, coffee grinds, and egg shells. 5. The compost pile has the added benefit of providing rich
soil for my garden. 6. This soil keeps my plants healthy so that I dont have to use pesticides. 7. Third, I have
replaced all of the incandescent light bulbs in my house with fluorescent bulbs. 8. The fluorescent bulbs use
less energy while providing good lighting. 9. These actions may seem minor, but I believe that even small
steps can help our environment, especially if all of us take them.
ANSWERS:
A) 5
B) 3
C) 1
A) 1-9
B) 2-8
C) 3-9
A) 9
B) 1
C) 8-9

1. For new students, college can be both exciting and challenging. 2. On the one hand,
they get exposed to many new ideas, new people, and new opportunities. 3. For example, they may
study subjects that are entirely new to them. 4. Also, they meet a variety of students, some of whom
may become study partners or even good friends. 5. On the other hand, college can place stress on
new students. 6. For instance, students who are working or parenting children (or doing both) may
find it difficult to make time to study. 7. Additionally, they may find college courses to be very difficult,
especially if they have been out of school for several years. 8. The good news is that with
persistence and the right support, many students can overcome these challenges and get everything
out of college that they want to.

A) 2
B) 1
C) 5
A) 1-8
B) 2-7
C) 2-8
A) 5
B) 7
C) 8

1. For new students, college can be both exciting and challenging. 2. On the one hand, they get
exposed to many new ideas, new people, and new opportunities. 3. For example, they may study subjects
that are entirely new to them. 4. Also, they meet a variety of students, some of whom may become study
partners or even good friends. 5. On the other hand, college can place stress on new students. 6. For
instance, students who are working or parenting children (or doing both) may find it difficult to make time to
study. 7. Additionally, they may find college courses to be very difficult, especially if they have been out of
school for several years. 8. The good news is that with persistence and the right support, many students can
overcome these challenges and get everything out of college that they want to.
ANSWERS:
A) 2
B) 1
C) 5
A) 1-8
B) 2-7
C) 2-8
A) 5
B) 7
C) 8

1. Honesty is the best policy goes the common saying, but is it really? 2. I always prefer to
be honest, but a recent experience suggests that telling the truth can sometimes backfire. 3.
Recently, my best friend asked me what I thought of her new boyfriend. 4. I thought he treated her
disrespectfully, and he was also rude to me and her other friends. 5. However, because I didnt want
to hurt my friends feelings, I said, You like him, and thats enough for me. 6. She would not accept
my response and pushed further, saying, Youre my best friend, so its really important for me to
know what you think. 7. Thus, I was honestperhaps blunt. 8. I replied, I think hes a jerk to you.
9. Since then, my friend has stopped speaking to me. 10. I think I acted properly given the
circumstances; however, I might not be so honest in the future.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 5
A) 2-5
B) 1-6
C. 3-9
3) Which is the concluding sentence?
A. 4
B. 10
C. 6

1. Honesty is the best policy goes the common saying, but is it really? 2. I always prefer to
be honest, but a recent experience suggests that telling the truth can sometimes backfire. 3.
Recently, my best friend asked me what I thought of her new boyfriend. 4. I thought he treated her
disrespectfully, and he was also rude to me and her other friends. 5. However, because I didnt want
to hurt my friends feelings, I said, You like him, and thats enough for me. 6. She would not accept
my response and pushed further, saying, Youre my best friend, so its really important for me to
know what you think. 7. Thus, I was honestperhaps blunt. 8. I replied, I think hes a jerk to you.
9. Since then, my friend has stopped speaking to me. 10. I think I acted properly given the
circumstances; however, I might not be so honest in the future.
ANSWERS:
A) 1
B) 2
C) 5
A) 2-5
B) 1-6
C. 3-9
3) Which is the concluding sentence?
A. 4
B. 10
C. 6

What are unity and coherence?
Unity means that all sentences in a paragraph relate to your topic
sentence, and coherence means that you move readers smoothly
from one idea to the next.

Transitions are words that aid coherence. Some transitions are
before/after; first/second; near/far; and one reason/another reason.
1. The fan behavior at the Roxinoids concert was the worst that I have ever seen. 2.
Close to the stage, fans were pushing up against each other and throwing bottles and cans at
the performers. 3. One guy climbed up onto the stage, but a security officer threw him back
into the crowd. 4. Security guards should really be more careful. 5. Farther back in the
concert hall, a woman lit a cigarette pack on fire and threw it into the air. 6. Fortunately, it
landed on the ground and someone stamped out the flames. 7. By the back doors, a group
of fans who came in late almost started a riot because they couldnt get closer to the stage.
8. Although the fan behavior was scary, the concert is definitely something I wont forget.
1. Which words (or word groups) are transitions that improve coherence?
A) worst; really; almost
B) Close to the stage; One guy; should really
C) Close to the stage; Farther back; By the back doors
2. What sentence should be deleted because it does not relate to the topic sentence (sentence 1)?
A) 3
B) 6
C) 4
1. The fan behavior at the Roxinoids concert was the worst that I have ever seen. 2.
Close to the stage, fans were pushing up against each other and throwing bottles and cans
at the performers. 3. One guy climbed up onto the stage, but a security officer threw him
back into the crowd. 4. Security guards should really be more careful. 5. Farther back in the
concert hall, a woman lit a cigarette pack on fire and threw it into the air. 6. Fortunately, it
landed on the ground and someone stamped out the flames. 7. By the back doors, a group
of fans who came in late almost started a riot because they couldnt get closer to the stage.
8. Although the fan behavior was scary, the concert is definitely something I wont forget.
ANSWERS:
A) worst; really; almost
B) Close to the stage; One guy; should really
C) Close to the stage; Farther back; By the back doors
2. What sentence should be deleted because it does not relate to the topic sentence (sentence 1)?
A) 3
B) 6
C) 4

1. Our two-year-old son Dante has a strict bedtime routine, and
any break in it will lead to a sleepless night for everyone in the house.
2. First, he gets a bath, and we wash him and shampoo his hair. 3.
Dante is unusually handsome for a two-year-old. 4. We let him play
with his rubber duck so that he doesnt fuss in the tub. 5. When the
bath is over, we dry Dante with a large towel and carry him to his
room. 6. Next, we put a fresh diaper on him. 7. Then, we read him a
bedtime story while gently rocking him in a rocking chair. 8. Finally, we
lay him down in his crib and leave the room quietly with our fingers
crossed, hoping he will fall asleep for the night.
1. Which words are transitions that improve coherence?
A) gets; shampoo; play
B) First; Next; Then; Finally
C) First; Next; leave
2. Which sentence should be deleted because it does not relate to the topic sentence (sentence 1)?
A) 4
B) 5
C) 3

1. Our two-year-old son Dante has a strict bedtime routine, and any break in it
will lead to a sleepless night for everyone in the house. 2. First, he gets a bath, and
we wash him and shampoo his hair. 3. Dante is unusually handsome for a two-year-
old. 4. We let him play with his rubber duck so that he doesnt fuss in the tub. 5.
When the bath is over, we dry Dante with a large towel and carry him to his room.
6. Next, we put a fresh diaper on him. 7. Then, we read him a bedtime story while
gently rocking him in a rocking chair. 8. Finally, we lay him down in his crib and
leave the room quietly with our fingers crossed, hoping he will fall asleep for the
night.
ANSWERS:
1. Which words are transitions that improve coherence?
A) gets; shampoo; play
B) First; Next; Then; Finally
C) First; Next; leave
A) 4
B) 5
C) 3

1. I want to move to New York City because of its excitement and its culture. 2. The
first quality that I love about New York is its busy street life. 3. Ive seen street
performers entertaining crowds at two in the morning! 4. New York was called New
Amsterdam by Dutch colonists in the seventeenth century. 5. Even more attractive to
me are the museums, bookstores, galleries, and theaters that make New York a center
for the arts. 6. However, to me, the citys most important quality is the variety of
peoplefrom artists to businesspeople to struggling actors. 7. I love to just sit at a caf
and watch the human parade pass by. 8. I long to be a part of that parade.
A) The first quality; Even more attractive; the citys most important quality
B) Ive seen; Even more; the citys most
C) The first quality; Even more; the citys most
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4

1. I want to move to New York City because of its excitement and its culture. 2. The first quality
that I love about New York is its busy street life. 3. Ive seen street performers entertaining crowds at
two in the morning! 4. New York was called New Amsterdam by Dutch colonists in the seventeenth
century. 5. Even more attractive to me are the museums, bookstores, galleries, and theaters that
make New York a center for the arts. 6. However, to me, the citys most important quality is the
variety of peoplefrom artists to businesspeople to struggling actors. 7. I love to just sit at a caf and
watch the human parade pass by. 8. I long to be a part of that parade.
ANSWERS:
A) The first quality; Even more attractive; the citys most important quality
B) Ive seen; Even more; the citys most
C) The first quality; Even more; the citys most
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4

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