THREE LEVEL VOLTAGE SOURCE CONVERTER

SVM IMPLEMENTATION
Presented By
FA13-R09-005 Muqadsa Iftikhar
FA13-R09-013 Zunaib Ali
FA13-R09-024 Madiha Naeem

Three Level VSC
Three Level VSC
Three Level VSC
The 27 switching states of the three-level inverter correspond to 19 space
vectors. Based on their magnitude, these space vectors can be divided
into four groups: zero vector, small vectors, medium vectors, and large
vectors. Zero vector has three
There are three kinds of switching states P, O, and N in each bridge, so
there exist 27 kinds of switching states in three-phase three-level
inverter
Three Level VSC
The Zero vector has three switching states,
Each small vector has two switching states, and
Each medium and large vector only has one switching states.
In the small vectors,
the vector containing switching state P is called P-type small
vector,
the vector containing switching state N is called N-type small
vector. These vectors have different effect on neutral point
voltage deviation.
Three Level VSC
Small vectors have a dominant effect on neutral point voltage,
The P-type small vectors make NP voltage rise, while the N-type small
vectors make NP voltage decline.

The medium vectors also affect NP voltage, but the direction of the
voltage deviation is undefined. Zero vector and large vectors do not
affect the NP voltage.
Space vector diagram of Three Level Inverter
Space vector diagram of Three Level Inverter
To calculate the dwell time of space vectors, the space vector diagram
can be divided into six triangle sectors (- )

Each sector is divided into four triangles (1-4)`



In the three-level NPC inverter, the reference vector

can be
synthesized by the nearest three space vectors based on the volt-second
balancing principle
If

falls into region 3 of sector I as shown in Fig. The three nearest

vectors are
1

,
2

. The following expressions can be gotten

based on the volt-second balancing.

Space vector and dewell time
Space vector and dewell time
Space vector and dewell time
Space vector and dwell time
The dwell times can be calculated as above when reference vector is in other sectors.
DETERMINATION OF TRIANGLE LOCATION
The location of the triangles is easy to get by the
sector s and triangle M.

= 1 4 +
S=1- 6
M=1- 4
Space vector and dwell time
Space vector and dwell time
Consideration for switching sequence
The neutral point voltage varies with the switching states of the NPC inverter, so
the switching sequencing should be taken into account to control the neutral
point voltage.

When the reference vector falls into different regions, there are two cases for the
selected three vectors.
One is that there are two small vectors among the three vectors, such
as in region 1, 3;
the other is that there is only one small vector, such as in region 2, 4.
The switching sequencing is different for these two cases.
Consideration for switching sequence
In region 1, switching sequence

In region 2, switching sequence

13

13

SVM ALGO
Determination of Sector
Determination of
Triangles
Calculation of Dewell
Time
Arrangement of
switching points
Determination of
switching sequence

DETERMINATION OF SECTORS
Taking input and finding sector
DETERMINATION OF SECTORS
Vq
Vd
3
theta1
2
mag
1
sector
Re
Im
1
2
3
4
5
6
AND
AND
AND
AND
AND
AND
6
5
4
3
2
1
-K-
K*u
K*u
|u|
u
< -60
>= -120
< -120
>= -180
< 180
>= 120
< 120
>= 60
< 0
>= -60
< 60
>= 0
u(1) + 60
6
u(1) + 120
5
u(1) + 180
4
u(1) - 120
3
u(1) - 60
2
u(1) - 0
1
3
c
2
b
1
a
[2/3 -1/3 -1/3]
[0 1/sqrt(3) -1/sqrt(3)]
180/pi
DETERMINATION OF TRIANGLES
In each sector, there are four triangles defined as in Fig.
The calculation of the dwell times for the three nearest space vectors is
different. The determination of the triangles is judged by three rules.
TRIANGLES RULE 1 RULE 2 RULE 3



M
1 YES - -
2 NO YES -
3 NO NO YES
4 NO NO NO
DETERMINATION OF TRIANGLES
k2
k1
V_beta_i
V_al fa_i
V_beta
V_al fa
k2
k1
3
Vd0
2
Vq0
1
trngl
-K-
sqrt(3)/2
-K-
sqrt(3)
1
0.5
-C-
1
1
1
u(1)*u(1) + 2*u(2)
k1*k1 + 2*k2
u(1)*si n(u(2)*pi /180)
V_beta
u(1)*cos(u(2)*pi /180)
V_al fa
In
S

S/H >
1
2
rem
rem
-K-
2/sqrt(3)
-K-
1/sqrt(3)
0.5
0.5
3
S/H pul se
2
theta1
1
mag
Trngl
Vq0
Vd0
Ts-pulse
s/w state selector
state sel ector
Discrete,
Ts = 1e-005 s.
powergui
phase votage
phase current
0.55
m
mag
theta1
S/H pulse
trngl
Vq0
Vd0
l ocal vector gen.
l i ne vol tage
sector
trngl
s/w state selector
gating signals
gati ng
si gnal generator
g
m
C
E
ga9
g
m
C
E
ga8
g
m
C
E
ga7
g
m
C
E
ga6
g
m
C
E
ga5
g
m
C
E
ga4
g
m
C
E
ga3
g
m
C
E
ga2
g
m
C
E
ga12
g
m
C
E
ga11
g
m
C
E
ga10
g
m
C
E
ga1
abc
fouri er
pi /2
del ta
c phase
b phase
a
b
c
sector
mag
theta1
abc -> mag + l ocal theta1
a phase
v
+
-
v
+
-
v
+
-
v
+
-
v
+
-
v
+
-
f(u)
Vc_ref
f(u)
Vb_ref
f(u)
Va_ref
Scope3
Scope1
[gc2]
Goto9
[gc1]
Goto8
[gb4]
Goto7
[gb3]
Goto6
[gb2]
Goto5
[gb1]
Goto4
[ga4]
Goto3
[ga3]
Goto2
[gc4]
Goto11
[gc3]
Goto10
[ga2]
Goto1
[ga1]
Goto
2
[gc2]
[gc1]
[gb4]
[gb3]
[gb2]
[gb1]
[ga4]
[ga3]
[gc4]
[gc3]
[ga2]
[ga1]
m
a
k
Db4
m
a
k
Db3
m
a
k
Db2
m
a
k
Db1
m
a
k
Da2
m
a
k
Da1
i
+
-
i
+
-
i
+
-
2
Constant
<= 1e-005
100v2
100v1
-C-
0
-C-
-
[1x4]
+
Taking sector, Vref magnitude and angle, and finding triangle
DETERMINATION OF DWELL TIME
State Selector Block
DETERMINATION OF DWELL TIME
1
s/w state sel ector
Vq0
Vd0
Ta
Tb
T0
vector -> ti me cal cul ator
Ta
Tb
T0
Ts-pulse
trngl 3
trngl 3
ti mer
Ta
Tb
T0
Ts-pulse
trngl 1
trngl 1
ti mer
Ta
Tb
T0
Ts-pulse
trngl 0
trngl 0
ti mer
Ta
Tb
T0
Ts-pulse
trngl 2
trgnl 2
ti mer
1
Scope2
Scope1
1
2
3
4
4
Ts-pul se
3
Vd0
2
Vq0
1
Trngl
DETERMINATION OF state point
1
trngl 1
>
<=
>
<=
>
<=
AND
AND
4
3
2
1
0.5
4
Ts-pul se
3
T0
2
Tb
1
Ta
Switching point selector using dwell time
Switching Sequence
Switching point selector using dwell time
Gating signal using Triagnle, Sector and switching
state
Trngl
Vq0
Vd0
Ts-pulse
s/w state selector
state sel ector
Discrete,
Ts = 1e-005 s.
powergui
phase votage
phase current
0.55
m
mag
theta1
S/H pulse
trngl
Vq0
Vd0
l ocal vector gen.
l i ne vol tage
sector
trngl
s/w state selector
gating signals
gati ng
si gnal generator
g
m
C
E
ga9
g
m
C
E
ga8
g
m
C
E
ga7
g
m
C
E
ga6
g
m
C
E
ga5
g
m
C
E
ga4
g
m
C
E
ga3
g
m
C
E
ga2
g
m
C
E
ga12
g
m
C
E
ga11
g
m
C
E
ga10
g
m
C
E
ga1
abc
fouri er
pi /2
del ta
c phase
b phase
a
b
c
sector
mag
theta1
abc -> mag + l ocal theta1
a phase
v
+
-
v
+
-
v
+
-
v
+
-
v
+
-
v
+
-
f(u)
Vc_ref
f(u)
Vb_ref
f(u)
Va_ref
Scope3
Scope1
[gc2]
Goto9
[gc1]
Goto8
[gb4]
Goto7
[gb3]
Goto6
[gb2]
Goto5
[gb1]
Goto4
[ga4]
Goto3
[ga3]
Goto2
[gc4]
Goto11
[gc3]
Goto10
[ga2]
Goto1
[ga1]
Goto
2
[gc2]
[gc1]
[gb4]
[gb3]
[gb2]
[gb1]
[ga4]
[ga3]
[gc4]
[gc3]
[ga2]
[ga1]
m
a
k
Db4
m
a
k
Db3
m
a
k
Db2
m
a
k
Db1
m
a
k
Da2
m
a
k
Da1
i
+
-
i
+
-
i
+
-
2 Constant
<= 1e-005
100v2
100v1
-C-
0
-C-
-
[1x4]
+
Gating signal using Triagnle, Sector and switching
state
1
gati ng
si gnal s
trngl
s/w state selector
sector 6
sector 6
trngl
s/w state selector
sector 5
sector 5
trngl
s/w state selector
sector 4
sector 4
trngl
s/w state selector
sector 3
sector 3
trngl
s/w state selector
sector 2
sector 2
trngl
s/w state selector
sector 1
sector 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
sector
sel ector
3
s/w state
sel ector
2
trngl
1
sector
Gating signal using Triagnle, Sector and switching
state
1
sector 1
s/w state selector trngl 3 data
trngl 3
s/w state selector trngl 2
trngl 2
s/w state selector trngl 1 data
trngl 1
s/w state selector trngl 0 data
trngl 0
1
2
3
4
trngl
sel ector
1
2
s/w state
sel ector
1
trngl
Gating signal using Triagnle, Sector and switching
state
1
trngl 0 data
[1 0 0]
[-1 -1 -1]
[1 1 1]
[1 1 0]
[0 0 0]
[0 0 -1]
[0 -1 -1]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
s/w state sel ector
RESULTS
RESULTS
FOR 9-LEVEL
FOR 9-LEVEL
Space vectors in the Cartesian coordinate system (sector I).
FOR 9-LEVEL
To reduce the voltage harmonic distortion, the reference voltage V
ref
can
be synthesized by the three nearest vectors.
With V
*
lying in , the reference voltage can be approximated by
vectors

=
7
2
+
3
2

= 3 + 3

= 4 + 3

These vectors are converted to .
FOR 9-LEVEL
Space vectors in the 60
0
coordinate system (sector I).
Each Sector has:
36 triangles
Total triangles
36*6=216
FOR 9-LEVEL
Switching sequence is difficult to determine.
Large, small Alternation methods as discussed previously becomes complex in
this case.