1

Wireless Networks
Lecture 45
Review of Lectures 26-44
Dr. Ghalib A. Shah

2
Last Lecture
4G Overview
Heterogeneous Wireless networks
Evolution
Issues in 4G
Mobility Management
Handoffs
Types, VHO process, VHO Issues
Standards
QoS Considerations
3
26 - Outlines
Overview of IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.11 Protocols
Architecture
Services
MAC Protocols
DCF
PCF

4
Overview, IEEE 802.11 Committee
Committee formed in 1990
Wide attendance
Multiple Physical Layers
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
Infrared
2.4GHz Industrial, Scientific & Medical shared
unlicensed band
2.4 to 2.4835GHz with FCC transmitted power limits
2Mb/s & 1Mb/s data transfer

5
27 - Outlines
Problems with DCF
Virtual Carrier Sensing
RTC/CTS Protocol
Inter-frame Spacing
PCF
Fragmentation / Reassembly
MAC Frame Format
Frame Types
Physical Media in Original IEEE 802.11
6
28 - Outlines
Introduction
What is Ad hoc networks?
Characteristic
Ad hoc vs. cellular networks
Application
Challenges
Routing Protocol
Expected Properties of Ad-hoc Routing Protocols
A taxonomy for routing protocols in Mobile ad
Some common protocols (DSDV, AODV, DSR, ZRP,
TORA)

7
29 - Outlines
Types of Attack
Goals of 802.11 Security
WEP Protocol
WEP Authentication
Security flaws in original 802.11

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How 802.1x Address Security Issues of 802.11
EAP Framework
User Identification & Strong authentication
Dynamic key derivation
Mutual authentication
Per-packet authentication
Dictionary attack precautions

9
IEEE 802.1X Terminology
Controlled port
Uncontrolled port
Supplicant
Authentication
Server
Authenticator
10
30 - Outlines
Limitations of QoS in IEEE 802.11
Overview of 802.11e
EDCF
HCF
QoS is realized by introducing traffic categories
(TCs)
Each instance is parameterized with TC
specific parameters
AIFS, CWmin, CWmax, Persistence factor (PF)


slide by Konidala M. Divyan [3]
Example
Internet
Home Agent
Home
network A
Network B
Network C
Corresp.
Node C
Foreign Agent
Mobile Node
12
31 - Outlines
Introduction to WMN
Characteristics
WMN vs MANET
Backbone, dedicated routing, mobility, multiple radios
Architecture
Applications
Critical factors influencing performance
Radio techniques
Scalability
QoS
Security
Ease of Use
Mesh connectivity

13
32 - Outlines
MAC Layer
Scalability
Multi-Channel
Some Ideas
Research Issues
Network Layer
Routing
Wish List
Route Optimization Criteria
Routing fairness
Routing Cross-layer design
QoS Support at each layer
WMN Standards


14
33 - Outlines
TCP Variants
Slow start
Fast Retransmit/Recovery (TCP Reno)
Issues in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks
TCP Schemes for Wireless
Pure Link-level Approaches
Soft-state Transport Layer Caching Approaches
Soft-state Cross Layer Signalling Approaches
Hard-state Transport Layer Approaches




15
34 - Outline
Introduction to WSN
Applications of WSN
Factors Influencing Performance of WSN
Power consumption
Fault tolerance
Scalability
Topology
Architecture and Communication Protocols
Challenges in WSNs.

16
35 - Outlines
Attributes of MAC Protocol
Energy Efficiency in MAC
Proposed Routing Protocol
S-MAC
T-MAC
DS-MAC
Traffic Adaptive MAC
DMAC
Contention-Free MAC

17
36 - Outlines
Routing Challenges and Design Issues
Deployment
Routing method
Heterogeneity
Fault tolerance
Power
Mobility etc
Routing Protocols
SPIN
Directed Diffusion
ACQUIRE
LEACH
TEEN/APTEEN
GAF
GEAR
SPEED


18
37 - Outlines
Transport Protocols for WSN
TCP/UDP for WSN
Protocols
PSFQ
ESRT
CODA
Security Threats in WSN
TinySec
Motivations of Link Layer security
TinySec Design goals

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38 - Outlines
Security primitives in TinySec
Encryption Schemes
Keying mechanism
WMSN
Architecture
Applications
Advantages
Design Considerations
Protocols
WSAN
Motivation
WSN vs WSAN
Architecture


20
39 - Outlines
Bluetooth introduction
Technical features
Access technique
Bluetooth topology/scenario
Specifications
Core Protocols
Link connections


21
40 - Outlines
IP Over Bluetooth
Bluetooth Security
WPAN Standards
IEEE 802.15.3 Overview
802.15.3
Topology
Coordination
Starting a Piconet
Handing over control of piconet
Creating child piconet
Medium Access (Super-frame)
Channel Time Management
Power management
MAC Frame format




22
41 - Outlines
IEEE 802.15.4
Basics, Type of Devices
Phy Layer
Channel Access Mechanisms
Slotted/Unslotted CSMA/CA
Super-frame Structure

23
42 - Outlines
WiMAX Basics
802.16 Evolution

24
43 - Outlines
Reference Model
Burst profiles
Classes of Uplink service
25
44 - Outline
4G Overview
Mobility Management
Handoffs