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VGTs are a family of turbo chargers usually
designed to allow the effective aspect ratio of
the turbo to be altered as conditions change.

By altering the geometry of turbine housing as
the engine accelerates, the turbo s aspect ratio
can be maintained at its optimum



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A turbocharger, or turbo, is a centrifugal
compressor powered by a turbine which is driven
by an engine's exhaust gases. Its benefit lies with
the compressor increasing the pressure of air
entering the engine thus resulting in greater
performance (for either, or both, power &
efficiency). They are popularly used with internal
combustion engines (e.g. four-stroke engines like
Otto cycles and Diesel cycles).

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NEED OF TURBOCHARGER
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HOW TURBOS WORKS
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The high altitude performance of a turbocharged
engine is significantly better
The power to weight ratio of the exhaust gas
turbocharged engine is much better than that of the
naturally aspirated engine
Compared with a naturally aspirated engine of
identical power out put , the fuel consumption of a turbo
engine is lower , as some of the normally wasted exhaust
energy contributes to the engine efficiency . Due to the
lower volumetric displacement of the turbo engine ,
frictional and thermal losses are less.
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TURBO LAG

OVER BOOST
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At low rpm
The vanes are partially closed, reducing the area hence
accelerating the exhaust gas towards the turbine.
Moreover, the exhaust flow hits the turbine blades at
right angle.Both makes the turbine spins faster
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At high rpm the exhaust flow is strong enough.
The vanes are fully opened to take advantage of
the high exhaust flow. This also releases the
exhaust pressure in the turbocharger, saving the
need of wastegate
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APPLICATIONS OF TURBOCHARGER
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TURBO LAG
Turbo lag is minimum for VGT since it can attain
high rpm faster than the conventional turbochargers.

PERFORMANCE
VGT can respond quickly to any variation in load or
rpm
Of the engine with the help of its accurate vane
control
Mechanism. While the transient response of a
conventional turbocharger is very pure.
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The highest efficiency is achieved by the fixed
geometry turbine in a narrow operating
range,while it drops at high mass flow rates when
the waste-gate valve has to be opened. The VGT
shows good efficiencies over a range of operating
conditions.
Cost
The design and manufacture of a VGT turbine is
difficult and expensive also the vane operates in
the maximum temperature region and thus the
material required for the vanes are also costly
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Improves fuel economy and efficiency over
a range of engine speed
Prevents turbocharger lag
Horse power and torque are improved,
allowing smaller engine sizes to be used.
Can help reduce green gas emissions

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THERMAL ENGINEERING- P.L Ballaney -page No1329-1342


AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING Kripal singh-pageNo285-287


THE AUTOMOBILE Harbans singh reyat page No252-287
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THANK YOU
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