WCDMA Introduction and Overview

WCDMA concept and Architecture

Spreading and Scrambling
Codes and Channels
Code tree
Rake Receiver
Soft, Softer and Hard hand over
Power control - fast and slow

WCDMA Drive test Overview using
TEMS Investigation

TEMS Parameter for WCDMA
Optimization Tips for WCDMA
WCDMA Tools for Drive Test
3G Voice Call Testing
3G Packet call & Video call testing
3G Drive test KPI overview
3G Optimization overview
WCDMA Introduction and Overview

WCDMA concept and Architecture
Spreading and Scrambling
Codes and Channels
Code tree
Rake Receiver
Soft, Softer and Hard hand over
Power control - fast and slow

WCDMA Drive test Overview using
TEMS Investigation

TEMS Parameter for WCDMA
Optimization Tips for WCDMA
WCDMA Tools for Drive Test
3G Voice Call Testing
3G Packet call & Video call testing
3G Drive test KPI overview
3G Optimization overview
Interview and drive test tips
WCDMA Frequency and Spectrum
Uplink=1920MHz -1980 MHz
Downlink= 2110MHz -2170MHz
Bandwidth=60 MHz
Actual B.W assign to operator is 5MHz
And out of that 3.84 MHZ is utilize.
In WCDMA frequency reuse factor =1 because time and frequency
remains constant.


In WCDMA first following process is done before Reading BCCH frequency.
Slot Synchronization
Frame Synchronization
Scrambling Code
CPICH is pilot which will read BCCH information After Synchronization .
In WCDMA following Channels use for various function in UL/DL.
Downlink:- Uplink:-
1.DL DPCH 1.UL DPDCH
2.DL CCPH 2. UL DPCCH
3. P-CCPH 3. UL CPCH
4. S-CCPH 4. UL PRACH
5. SCH 5. HS-DPCCH
6. PICH
7. CPICH (primary and secondary)
8. AICH


WCDMA Spreading process
Spreading:- This is used to increase the B.W of the signal
beyond the bandwidth normally required to accommodate
information.
For Spreading OVSF code are used which is known as
Orthogonal variable spreading factor code .
Spreading factor=chip rate/symbol rate .
Scrambling Scrambling is used on top of the spreading so , it
does not change the signal bandwidth but only makes the
signal from different source separable from each other.
Process gain = 10 log (chip rate/bit rate)
As bit rate increase process gain decrease .
Cell breathing is situation where cell foot print decrease due to
large amount of user access the network beyond the capacity
of that particular cell.

Eb /NO= Bit energy/Noise energy
Ec/No = Chip Energy /Noise Energy.

Ec/No= Eb/No - process gain
As per Eb/No is fixed for each service for Ex: voice =2 and
video=4
Ec/N0= 2- 10= -8 for voice(for voice -8 is good limit)
Ec/N0= 4-18= -14 for video(for video -14 is good limit)

Process gain(voice) = chip rate/bit rate= 10dB
Process gain (video) = chip rate /bit rate= 18dB
Chip rate = 3.84Mchips in WCDMA.


WCDMA codes
Code tree
Rake Receiver
Soft Handoff
Power Control types
For Speech drive Test
Mobile TX power
Received signal strength
indication
Target Signal to interfere
ratio
Signal to interfere ratio
Speech quality mean
opinion square
Dedicate channel
GSM/WCDMA
Speech quality
SQI MOS Algorithm
Downlink Dedicate
channel BLER%
Active Set- Currently serving Cell
Measured neighbor- Defined Neighbor
Detected Neighbor- Undefined strong detected server
UARFCN DL- UMTS Absolute radio frequency channel number
Ranges for Radio Parameter
1. CPICH EC/No- 0 to -34 dB.
2. CPICH RSCP - -15 dBm to -140 dBm for each rake finger.
3.Ms TX power -44 dBm to 60 dBm
4. UTRA Carrier RSSI - -20 dBm to -140 dBm for each rake finger.
5. SQI MOS - 1 to 5
6. SQI - -20dBQ to 30 dBQ
7 . SIR - -30 t0 20 db (signal interfere ratio measured on DPCCH )
12.2 Kbit/s: 30 dBQ
10.2 Kbit/s: 28 dBQ
7.95 kbit/s: 28 dBQ
7.40 kbit/s: 27 dBQ
6.70 kbit/s: 27 dBQ
5.90 kbit/s: 24 dBQ
5.15 kbit/s: 21 dBQ
4.75 kbit/s: 19 dBQ

Drive Test KPI
Parameter-
RSSI In Between -75 to -85 dbm
RSCP In Between -75 to -85 dbm
Ec /Io In Between -8 to -10 db
FER 1% or 2%
Ms TX Power - Between -5 to -10
Soft Handoff 35% of total time

Use full Plots
Server Plot Useful to find out Swap or
Overshooting.
UE Plot - To Check Neighbour Relation.
RSCP Plot- Coverage wholes
Ec /No- for good Throughput and removing
pilot pollution.
4
th
best Server Echno should be > -10db

5th
best Server Echno should be > -10db

Condition for Radio Environment
Pilot Pollution
RSCP >= -85dBm & Ec /Io =< -10 dB
Coverage Limited
RSCP <= -85dBm & Ec /Io => -10 dB
Poor Radio Condition-
RSCP <= -85dBm & Ec /Io =< -10 dB
Good Coverage
RSCP >= -85dBm & Ec /Io => -10 dB

3G voice call testing
SCFT-Single Cell Functional Test
Before the single site verification, we should only ensure the following
conditions have been met.
Alarm Check
Cell Status Check
Parameter Check
Alarm Check / Cell Status Check
The product support engineer will be responsible for checking and resolving
all the alarms. It is important for the optimization engineer prior to any field
test to check with product support engineer regarding any alarms especially
intermittent alarms.
Parameter Check
The optimization engineer need to ensure the radio part parameters
configuration list has been achieved. In the list the radio part parameters
includes: the scrambling code, power setting, neighbor cell list, handover
parameter etc.

3G voice call testing
Site Verification Items:
Installations: CPICH RSCP, CPICH Ec/Io, Rx Antenna Swap
Test
Settings: Frequency & SC, Cell reselection parameters,
LAC/RAC, Neighbor List.
Functions: LA/RA update, 3G<->2G Cell reselection, SMS
(MT & MO), Voice (MT & MO), VP (MT & MO), PS Attach &
Detach, PS service, Voice/VP/PS soft handover, Voice 3G-
>2G handover

Testing On CELL site
Items: Voice Call (MT & MO)
Purpose: Verify the voice call function is normal and the voice call quality is
good
Method: Make the dialing test of 3G voice service between two 3G mobiles,
one for the terminating call and another one for the originating call. Test the
voice communication quality
Items: Voice Call (MT & MO)
Purpose: Verify the voice call function is normal and the voice call quality is
good
Method: Make the dialing test of 3G voice service between two 3G mobiles,
one for the terminating call and another one for the originating call. Test the
voice communication quality

Feeder Connection Check
Test Process
Items: Antenna swapping test
Purpose: Verify the Rx feeder installation is right.
Method: Switch the transmitter from one feeder to another, check the
RSCP changed or not. If no change happened, it means that the feeder
is correct.
Notes: Check the RSCP from scanner
Problem and Solution
In the site verification, following problems have been found
Scrambling Code Setting is wrong: The scrambling code from scanner
and mobile is different from the planning
After feeder swapped, the CPICH RSCP is 20dB lower than before.
Scrambling Code Setting is wrong
The Scrambling Code may be wrong in RNC, check the datasheet
in RNC.
If the Scrambling Code from scanner is the same as that of
another sector in same site planned, maybe the TX/RX feeder is
crossed to the another sector.
After feeder swapped, the CPICH RSCP is 20dB lower than before:
The RX feeder is crossed to the antenna of another sector. In
this case, the CPICH RSCP will be high in the coverage area of
the other antenna. Check the connection between the feeder
and the antenna.

DATA drive window
Data Drive Parameter with low through. put
Channel quality
index
Modulation
technique
As 64 QAM is
utilized so
less HSDPA
throughput is
less.
Case-2 with high throughput
In this case 16 QAM is
used 100% and
Throughput is high
Data Drive
There is 3 modulation technique QPSK,16QAM,64QAM.
For high through put 16QAM and 64QAM should be utilized high
Utilization
So, if There is less Utilization of QPSK in downlink than data throughput is
also high
CQI is like SQI in speech which ensure good channel quality for data
transfer.
Retransmission of HS- DSCH(High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel) packet
is high than also throughput is decreases.
In case of stationary Data Test- 2Mbits speed can be achieved
In case of moving Vehicle 800kbits to 1.2 Kbits speed can be achieved.
Application throughput is always 85% of physical layer data rate
throughput because at application level IP inclusion and overhead
information will be there.
Latency time is round trip time from server and for 3G it should be 150 ms
for 32 bit data .

The modulation scheme and coding is changed on a per-user basis
depending on signal quality and cell usage. The initial scheme is
Quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), but in good radio conditions
16QAM and 64QAM can significantly increase data throughput
rates. With 5 Code allocation, QPSK typically offers up to 1.8 Mbit/s
peak data rates, while 16QAM offers up to 3.6. Additional codes
(e.g. 10, 15) can also be used to improve these data rates or extend
the network capacity throughput significantly.
Data Throughput will be also depend on MS class which support
5,10 and 15 codes resp.
CQI- Channel quality information may include carrier level received
signal strength indication (RSSI) and bit error rate (BER). I
Channel quality indicators are messages that are sent on a
communication system (such as a mobile communication system)
that provide the remote connection (e.g. base station) with channel
quality information

Drive Test tool for drive
Sony Ericsson C702 (capable of Scanning)
Sony Ericsson Z750i (capable of Scanning)
PCTel SeeGull LX WCDMA 2100
PCTel SeeGull LX Plus WCDMA 2100
Global Sat BU-353 (NMEA-0183)

Garmin 10 Mobile Bluetooth (NMEA-0183)

Thanks