Strategies

in Teaching
Reading
a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in
order to construct or derive meaning (reading
comprehension). It is a means of language
acquisition, of communication, and of
sharing information and ideas. It is a complex
interaction between the text and the reader which is
shaped by the readers prior knowledge,
experiences, attitude, and language community
which is culturally and socially situated. The reading
process requires continuous practice, development,
and refinement. In addition, reading requires
creativity and critical analysis.

READING is ....
READING is ....


- making meaning from print.


- a thinking process


different strategies in reading





1. Activating Prior Knowledge

Thinking about what you already know
about the topic, author, or title. Help
students be good readers: those who
constantly try to make sense out of what
they read by seeing how it fits with what
they already know


different strategies in reading





1. Activating Prior Knowledge

Call it schema, relevant background knowledge,
prior knowledge, or just plain experience, when
students make connections to the text they are
reading, their comprehension increases. Good readers
constantly try to make sense out of what they read by
seeing how it fits with what they already know. When
we help students make those connections before,
during, and after they read, we are teaching them a
critical comprehension strategy that the best readers
use almost unconsciously.



different strategies in reading





1. Activating Prior Knowledge

Sample strategy:
KWL
Through a three-phase strategy (Know,
Want to know Learnt), students
develop independent skills in
comprehending, composing and
learning.
On-going awareness of the quality of the processing of
text. It is the continual realization that a text is or is not
making sense. Coupled with monitoring
comprehension is the employment of "fix-up" strategies
to address a comprehension obstacle.
Comprehension monitoring instruction teaches
students to:
Be aware of what they do understand
Identify what they do not understand
Use appropriate strategies to resolve problems in
comprehension




different strategies in reading









2. Monitoring Comprehension


Sample strategy:

Monitor Comprehension using altered text. The
altered text usually contained an inconsistent
element in a paragraph.




different strategies in reading









2. Monitoring Comprehension


The typical approach to question answering is to
answer comprehension questions upon
completion of the selection, but questions can be
a part of a reading lesson at many points.
Previewing questions can help students focus their
reading. In addition, story stems that prompt
students to complete a question can organize a
cooperative learning experience as students
read.


different strategies in reading










3. Question answering



Questions can be effective because they:
- Give students a purpose for reading
- Focus students' attention on what they are to
learn
- Help students to think actively as they read
- Encourage students to monitor their
comprehension
- Help students to review content and relate what
they have learned to what they already know

different strategies in reading










3. Question answering



The Question-Answer Relationship strategy (QAR)
encourages students to learn how to answer
questions better.

There are four different types of questions:
"Right There"
"Think and Search
"Author and You"
"On Your Own"


different strategies in reading










3. Question answering



By generating questions, students become aware
of whether they can answer the questions and if
they understand what they are reading. Students
learn to ask themselves questions that require
them to combine information from different
segments of text.


different strategies in reading










4. Question Generating



In story structure instruction, students learn to
identify the categories of content (characters,
setting, events, problem, resolution). Often,
students learn to recognize story structure through
the use of story maps. Instruction in story structure
improves students' comprehension.




different strategies in reading











5. Recognizing story structure




Sample strategy:
Story Maps
A story map is a strategy that uses a graphic
organizer to help students learn the elements of a
book or story. By identifying story characters, plot,
setting, problem and solution, students read
carefully to learn the details. There are many
different types of story map graphic organizers.
The most basic focus on the beginning, middle,
and end of the story. More advanced organizers
focus more on plot or character traits.
different strategies in reading











5. Recognizing story structure




A cause and effect analysis is an attempt to
understand why things happen as they do.

Why Is It Important?

One of the primary goals of education is to create
empowered, analytic thinkers, capable of thinking
through complex processes to make important
decisions.

different strategies in reading












6. Cause and Effect












different strategies in reading









7. Graphic organizers





Graphic organizers, which provide a visual map for
the reader, can be placed next to the text as
learners read in groups or individually, aloud or
silently. They are particularly useful in helping
readers to understand the structure of a narrative or
of an argument.

Sample strategy:
- Venn diagram
- Storyboard/Chain of Event







different strategies in reading









8. Summarizing






To summarize is to put in your own words a
shortened version of written or spoken material,
stating the main points and leaving out everything
that is not essential. Summarizing is more than
retelling; it involves analyzing information,
distinguishing important from unimportant elements
and translating large chunks of information into a
few short cohesive sentences.








different strategies in reading









8. Summarizing





Why Is It Important?

Summarizing allows both students and teachers
to monitor comprehension of material.
Summarizing helps students understand the
organizational structure of lessons or texts.
Summarizing is a skill at which most adults must
be proficient to be successful.

Metaphors and analogies are comparisons
between unlike things that have some particular
things in common.

Writers use metaphors and analogies to enhance
and enliven descriptions, and to express thoughts
and ideas more clearly and precisely
different strategies in reading










9. Metaphors and Analogies






Why Is It Important?
- Good teachers use metaphors and analogies to make
new and unfamiliar concepts more meaningful to
students by connecting what they already know to
what they are learning.
- Good readers know how to use analogies and
metaphors to get at the meaning of a passage.
- When students create their own analogies for new
concepts, the analogy can provide a way to assess
their understanding of the new concepts.
- Metaphors and analogies add "sparkle" to student
writing.

different strategies in reading










9. Metaphors and Analogies






different strategies in reading










10. Directed Reading Thinking
Activity (DRTA)






is a comprehension strategy that guides students in
asking questions about a text, making predictions,
and then reading to confirm or refute their
predictions. The DRTA process encourages students
to be active and thoughtful readers, enhancing
their comprehension.
different strategies in reading
10. Think Out Loud Strategy
-asks students to say out loud what they are
thinking about when reading, solving math
problems, or simply responding to questions
posed by teachers or other students.

- demonstrate practical ways of approaching
difficult problems while bringing to the surface
the complex thinking processes that underlie
reading comprehension, mathematical problem
solving, and other cognitively demanding tasks