PRONOUNS SESSION

Presented by:
Muhamad Fajar
ENGLISH DISCUSSION
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Types of Pronouns
There are several different types of pronouns:
1. Personal Pronouns
2. Possessive Pronouns
3. Reflexive Pronouns
4. Intensive/ Emphatic Pronouns
5. Relative Pronouns
6. Interrogative Pronouns
7. Demonstrative Pronouns
8. Indefinite Pronouns
9. Reciprocal Pronouns

English_Pronouns
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1. Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns are pronouns that refer to people or things. These
pronouns can be further categorized into singular or plural; first, second, or
third person; and subjective or objective case (i.e. functioning as the
subject or an object in a sentence, respectively).
English_Pronouns
Person
First Person Singular I me my mine
Second Person Singular you you your yours
Third Person Singular he/she/it him/her/it his/her/its his/hers/its
First Person Plural we us our ours
Second Person Plural you you your yours
Third Person Plural they them their theirs
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1. Personal Pronouns
Examples :
1. I am not going to the party. [First person, singular, subjective] The fight
ends with me. [First person, singular, objective]
2. We couldnt discover the root of the issue. [First person, plural,
subjective] Could you provide us with some privacy? [First person,
plural, objective]
3. You make me smile. [Second person, singular, subjective] Is Jimmy
taking you? [Second person, singular, objective]
4. You must pass the exam before employment can be considered. [Second
person, plural, subjective] Samson, Inc is here to help you. [Second
person, plural, objective]

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2. Possessive Pronouns
Possessive pronouns function as adjectives that indicate ownership or
relationship. They can be identified as first, second, or third person and
singular or plural as well.



Example :
1. We are leaving our lives in the hands of the rescue team. [First person,
plural]
2. The others opinions are irrelevant; the only one that matters is yours.
[Second person, singular]
3. Their conclusions overstepped the bounds of their research. [Third
person, plural] I cannot find its case. [Third person, singular]


English_Pronouns
Singular Plural
First Person my, mine our, ours
Second Person your your, yours
Third Person his, hers, its their, theirs
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3. Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns reflect the readers attention back to the subject of the
sentence. Reflexive pronouns are used in two main situations: when the
subject and direct object are the same thing and when the subject and
object of a preposition are the same.




Example :
Situation ONE: James shot himself in the foot.
Situation TWO: I talk to myself quite relentlessly. You are more afraid of
yourself than anyone else.

English_Pronouns
Singular Plural first
First Person myself ourselves
Second Person yourself yourselves
Third Person Himself,
herself, itself
themselves
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4. Intensive/ Emphatic Pronouns
An intensive pronoun (sometimes called an emphatic pronoun) refers back
to another noun or pronoun in the sentence to emphasize it. A way to
distinguish between reflexive and intensive pronouns is to remove the
pronoun from the sentence if the sentence still makes sense, the pronoun
is intensive.

Examples:
We ourselves would have never considered it an option.
I have climbed Everest three times myself.
English_Pronouns
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5. Relative Pronouns
A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause. It is
called a "relative" pronoun because it "relates" to the word that its relative
clause modifies
There are five relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that*
Who (subject) and whom (object) are generally only for people. Whose is
for possession. Which is for things. That can be used for things and people
only in defining relative clauses (clauses that are essential to the sentence and
do not simply add extra information)
Example :
The person who phoned me last night is my teacher.
The person whom I phoned last night is my teacher.
Dear handsome admirer, I always think that you're a very nice fellow.
(Secret Admirers lyric)
The car, whose driver jumped out just before the accident, was completely
destroyed.
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6. Interrogative Pronouns
These pronouns have the same form as relative pronouns but are used to
introduce a question instead.
The most typical interrogative pronouns are What, Which, Who, Whom,
Whose

Example :
A: Did you see that documentary about the SARS virus last night?
B; No, what channel was it on?
(or: Which channel was it on?)
(R. Carter and M. McCarthy, Cambridge Grammar of English: A
Comprehensive Guide. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006)

A : Which came first?
B : The Porsche 911 came first.

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7. Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns are those that identify or point to a thing or things
and occasionally persons. They can be both singular and plural and they refer
to nouns that are either nearby or far away in time or space. There are only
four demonstrative pronouns this, that, these, those. This and that refer to
singular nouns and these and those identify plural nouns.
Example :
1. That is incredible! (referring to something you just saw)
2. These [pancakes sitting here now on my plate] are delicious
3. Those [pancakes that I had yesterday morning] were even better.

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8. Indefinite Pronouns
An indefinite pronoun refers to a non-specific person or thing. They often suggest
a number or amount (some, all, everyone, few), the measure is not specific. These
pronouns can be tricky because some of them can be both singular and plural.





Example :
1. Someone has to take out the trash. (singular)
2. Is any left?. (singular)
3. Most of the audience responds to this type of persuasion. (plural)
4. Each of the students identifies a few of his/her favorite hobbies. (singular;
plural)
English_Pronouns
Always Singular Sometimes
Singular
Sometimes
Plural
Always
Plural
another/other

no one/nobody

all

both

anyone/anybody nothing one any few
anything somebody/someone any many
each

something more others
either/neither most severa
everyone/everyb
ody
none
everything

some
little/much


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9. Reciprocal Pronouns
A reciprocal pronoun is used for an action or feeling that is reciprocated. We
use reciprocal pronouns when each of two or more subjects is acting in the
same way towards the other. There must be two or more people, things or
groups involved We cannot use reciprocal pronouns with I, you [singular],
he/she/it)
The two most common reciprocal pronouns are "each other" and "one
another".
A is talking to B, and B is talking to A. So we say:
A and B are talking to each other.

Examples:
1. The athletes defended one another both on and off the field.
2. Jane and Bill are fond of each other.
3. "All birds and animals talk to one another--they really have to, in order
to get along.
4. "People whose grandparents were all long-lived and lived with the
family, shoot each otherbefore they are 40."
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Exercises
Each of the sentences or phrases below contains a pronoun.
Determine whether the pronoun is used correctly, and identify
the appropriate pronoun if it is not.
1. I would have gladly left it all behind. (correct / not correct)
2. Dr. Hodges, which you met in Dallas, spoke at the Lyceum
today.. (correct / not correct)
3. To whom it may concern: (correct / not correct)
4. Dillmore themselves questioned the wisdom in such an act.
(correct / not correct)

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Exercises
Each of the sentences or phrases below contains several
pronouns. Choose the right pronoun for the sentences below.
1. Professor Randall, (who/whom) I respect, is speaking at an
assembly in
2. I study in the library because (its, its) computers have the
best programs.
3. Enrique and (I, me) will bring the food for the party.
4. Most of the food (was, were) donated by a local restaurant.
5. All the class members have introduced
(theyselves/themselves) to each other.

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English_Pronouns