1

Stairs
Up and Down
2
Riser ,Tread and Landing
A stair case is
determined by a
number of minimum
and maximum
parameters
Stairs can be easy,
hard, or dangerous

3
The vertical step height is the riser
Riser Maximum 17cm
4
Steep stairs are hard to climb and
dangerous to descend
Riser Maximum 17cm
5
The horizontal step is the tread
Tread Minimum 30cm
6
A narrow tread is dangerous
Difficult to climb and
even dangerous to
descend
7
Unequal steps are dangerous. All
steps must be equal !
Treads are
different
Risers are
different
8
A high staircase is dangerous
Especially
children and
elderly people
can fall down
the entire
staircase and
get fatally hurt

9
The Landing
The landing
interrupts the steps
Provides a rest
Continues the steps
in a new direction
Interrupts the fall of
any person to
prevent injury
10
Tread Improvement
If the tread
protrudes by
20mm it provides
more space and
avoids the shoe
hitting the riser
11
Stone Plates as Tread
To achieve a
protruding tread
stone plates are
required such as
granite, terrazzo,
clay
12
Rounded Edges
Rounded or
tempered
edges avoid
injuring
people

13
Embedded Rubber Strips
Embedded
rubber strips
work as
stoppers and
prevent the
shoe from
slipping
14
Stone Plates as Risers
To avoid dirty risers
use stone tiles
like terrazzo or
granite
Maintenance is
much easier

15
Staircase Design
The dimension of the staircase as well as the
height of the next floor level determine the size
of the steps
The risers need to be calculated accurately to
determine the number of steps and the position
of the landing
16
Compute the number of steps
Slab
Slab
Height
350cm
Steps = H / max
riser
350 / 17 = 20.5
Steps = 21


17
Compute the Riser
Slab
Slab
Height
350cm
Steps = 21
Riser = H / Steps
350 / 21 = 16.6 cm

18
Compute the Landing Level
Slab
Slab
10 steps
11 steps
Landing Level
11 X 16.6 = 183.3cm
19
Compute the length of the lower
stair
L = steps X tread
11 X 30cm = 3.3m
3.30m
20
Compute the length of the upper
stair
L = steps X tread
10 X 30cm = 3 m
3 m
Determine the Width of Stairs and
Landing
Minimum
Width 120cm

Tread
11.5 x Tread
10.5 x Tread
UP
135X135
Top View
120
Space Requirement for Stairs with
90 degree Turn
135 135
Stairs +2 Landings
Stairs + 2
Landings
24
Stairs with 180 degree Turn
135
10 Steps +2 Landings
270cm
Top
Landing
Down
These Stairs require the least Space
180 degrees turned stairs
with landing
26
Footing
Stairs need a footing. They just cannot be placed
on the ground slab. The slab cannot take that
load. The footing is is done along with the
foundations.
27
Footer for Stairs
Starter Bars
Ground
Floor Slab
60cm
20cm
28
Wrongs
If only the steps are to be
covered with tiles, the risers
need to be adjusted
accordingly
Risers different
29
Take into account the finish levels!
Different Finish
Levels !!
Risers different
30
Formwork
Stairs need precision
work
Build the brickwork up to landing
level
Draw the steps on a side panel
Position of Formwork
Slab Level
Landing
Position it on the wall
Add a panel in Landing position
Set Up the Props for the Landing
Add the Beams
Add the Beams
Level and Position it
Bind the Side Panels to the
Brickwork
Add the slab formwork
Set Up Support Beams and Props
for the Stairs
Add the Bottom Panel
Put the re-enforcement in place
Starter from
Footing
Side Panel
Add the Risers
Side Panel
Reinforce the
Risers
Side Panel
Prepare a Cover
for the Treads
Side Panel
Prepare a Cover for
the Treads
Cut out the
corners
Nail the tread covers when
concreting
The covers are nailed on
the tread after
concreting each step
starting from the
bottom.
Nail the covers when concreting
For one, you have a place
to climb and two the
cover keeps the step in
shape and prevents the
concrete from
overflowing when you
do the upper steps.

Concrete the lower step, vibrate
and add the tread covers one by
one
53
Pre-cast Stairs
There is always a
shortcut available
54
The Spine Beam
55
Set two Spine Beams parallel and
align them in height
56
Cement slabs on spine beams
57
Level them in both directions and
keep the riser and tread equal