Introduction to

Environmental Health and Disasters

Solid Waste and Debris
(Sampah dan Puing Puing)


In partnership with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USA
Solid Waste and Debris
Harrison, TN, March 19, 2012. Debris following tornado. Photo by Tim Burkitt/FEMA.
Learning Objectives
(Tujuan Pembelajaran)
Explain the role of environmental health in addressing solid
waste and debris issues (peran kesehatan masyarakat dalam
mengatasi isu sampah dan puing puing)
Identify key partners in preparedness, response, recovery,
and mitigation (mengidentifikasi patner kunci pada tahap persiapan,
respon, pemulihan, dan mitigasi)
Describe different categories of waste generated by
emergencies and disasters (jenis jenis sampah yang timbul pada
bencana)
Describe the elements of solid waste and debris planning,
management, separation/segregation, and disposal (elemen
elemen perencanaan, pengelolaan, pemilahan, dan pembuangan akhir
sampah dan puing puing)
Two activities
Reasons for Concern
(Alasan untuk Peduli)
Life, public health, property,
and the environment
(kehidupan, kesehatan masyarakat,
properti, dan lingkungan)
Accounts for 27% of
disaster recovery costs
(terhitung sbg 27% biaya pemulihan
bencana)

Critical for community
recovery and morale
(penting untuk pemulihan dan moral)
Photos Courtesy of CDC/ATSDR.
Mission: Protect life, public health, property, and the
environment (melindungi kehidupan, kesehatan masyarakat, properti, dan
lingkungan)
Assess and correct issues with partners (mengevaluasi dan
memperbaiki bersama para patner)
Ensure safe identification, collection, management, and
disposal of solid waste and debris (Memastikan identifikasi,
pengumpulan, pengelolaan, dan pembuangan akhir sampah dan puing puing
secara aman)
Provide guidance and information to the public and
responders on safety and health risks (menyedialan petunjuk dan
informasi)
Conduct interventions as needed (menginterfensi jika diperlukan)
Environmental Health Role
(Peran Kesehatan Masyarakat)
Identify locations where solid waste and debris
have been generated (mengidentifikasi lokasi)
Remove solid waste and debris from key roads
for emergency response vehicles and personnel
(memindahkan sampah dan puing puing dari jalan-jalan utama)
Eliminate immediate threats to life and property
(menghilangkan ancaman langsung)
Restore essential services (menyediakan kembali layanan-
layanan penting)
Facilitate damage assessments, especially for
critical facilities (evaluasi kerusakan fasilitas)
Priority Activities
(Aktivitas Utama)
Identify possible safety and health hazards and
risks associated with identified solid waste and
debris sites (mengidentifikasi kemungkinan kebahayaan dan
resiko dari lokasi sampah dan puing puing)
Provide technical assistance, consultation, and
support to partners (menyediakan bimbingan teknis,
konsultasi dan dukungan terhadap para patner)
Implement assessment and corrective actions
(melaksanakan evaluasi dan tindakan perbaikan)
Provide guidance, information, and assistance to
the public (menyediakan petunjuk, informasi, dan bimbingan
kepada masyarakat)
Priority Activities (continued)
(Aktivitas Utama)
Key Partners
Federal, state, and local emergency support functions:
Public Works and Engineering
Emergency Assistance, Housing, and Human Services
Public Health and Medical Services
Oil and Hazardous Materials Response
Long-Term Community Recovery
Federal, state, and local agencies
Volunteer and community organizations
Private industry
Media
Safety
Personal sanitation
Utilities hazards
Carbon monoxide
Thermal stress
Debris piles/unstable
surfaces
Structural instability
Musculoskeletal
hazards
Hazardous materials
Heavy equipment
Dust and flying debris
Noise
Fire
Animals, insects, and
plants
PPE Use It!
Slips, trips, falls
Driving
Fatigue and stress
Confined spaces
Must Be Trained!
Categories of Waste
City/Municipal Solid Waste
New Orleans, LA, September 4, 2005. Trash and debris after Hurricane Katrina. Photo by Liz Roll/FEMA.
Construction and Demolition
Pensacola, FL, June 15, 2005. Construction debris following Hurricane Ivan. Photo by Leif Skoogfors/FEMA.
Green/Wood/Vegetative
Roanoke Rapids, NC, September 12, 2011. Wood debris following Hurricane Irene. Photo by Tim Burkitt/FEMA.
Putrescent
Dead turkeys following Hurricane Floyd. Photo by Dave Gatley/FEMA. Photo courtesy of NOAA.
Photo courtesy of CDC/ATSDR.
White Goods
Waverly, IA, June 21, 2008. Piles of white goods following floods. Photo by Patsy Lynch/FEMA.
Electronic Waste
Photo courtesy of EPA. E-waste after Hurricane Irene. Photo by Christopher Mardorf/FEMA.
E-waste after Cedar Rapids, IA flooding. Photo by Susie Shapira/FEMA.
Soil/Mud/Sediment
Raven, VA, June 19, 2004. Mud and debris following flooding. Photo by John Shea/FEMA.
Vehicles and Vessels
All photos courtesy of CDC/ATSDR.
Hazardous Waste
Hazardous Household Waste. Photo courtesy of CDC/ATSDR.
Mixed hazardous waste. Photo by Robert Kaufmann/FEMA.
Industrial and commercial waste. Photo courtesy of
CDC/ATSDR.
Hazardous Waste Properties
Products are considered hazardous if they contain
chemicals with one or more of the following properties:
Corrosive - Chemical action can burn and destroy living
tissues or other materials on contact
Explosive/Reactive - Detonation or explosion through
exposure to heat, sudden shock, pressure, or
incompatible chemicals
Flammable - Easily set on fire
Toxic - Capable of causing injury or death through
ingestion, inhalation, or absorption through the skin
CBRN-Contaminated Debris
Photo courtesy of CDC/ATSDR.
Other Wastes
Sandbags at disposal site after flood. Photo by Jeannie
Mooney/FEMA.
Scrap metal from burned out home. Photo by Patsy
Lynch/FEMA.
Medical/infectious waste/sharps. Photo courtesy of CDC/ATSDR.
Activity one
Using the hazardous waste
inventory (handout)

What household hazardous substances
are in your home?
(apa saja bahan berbahaya beracun yang ada di rumah anda?)
Household Hazardous Waste
Hazard Assessment
Click on camera to start video
Solid Waste and Debris Disaster Planning
Prepare Develop a plan for increased volumes of solid
waste and debris
Safety and Health Identify potential hazards and protect
responders, workers, volunteers, and the public
Implement Acquire necessary resources to implement
the plan
Monitor and evaluate Through exercises and actual
events



Source: EPA, March 2008
Please refer
to handout
Debris Estimating Methods
Ground measurements visual observation and detailed
data collection with equipment (e.g. measuring tapes,
GPS units, formulas)
Aerial and satellite photographs taken before and after
disasters
Computer models
Combination of estimating methods
Normally included in the Preliminary Damage Assessment
Debris Generated by Disasters

Hurricane Andrew (1992): Over 43 million CY in Miami-Dade County alone
Northridge Earthquake (1994): Over 7 million CY
World Trade Center (2001): Over 2.8 million CY
Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (2005): Over 110 million CY
Alabama: 3.4 million CY
Mississippi: 45.8 million CY
Louisiana: 64.3 million CY
Haiti Earthquake (2010): Over 31 million CY
Japan Tsunami (2011): Over 5 million tons swept into ocean
Joplin, MO Tornado (2011): Over 1.5 million CY
Alabama Tornadoes (2011): Over 10 million CY
Sources: CRS, EPA, FAS, FEMA, NOAA.
Site Selection and Planning
Determine need for facilities
Develop criteria to evaluate potential sites
Identify temporary storage sites
Review emergency waiver of standards regulations
Identify permits or variances
Perform environmental and historic site reviews
Prepare a site development and operations plan
Prepare inspection & site management guidelines
Prepare a site restoration plan
Source: FEMA, 2007
Example of a Debris Management Site
Source: EPA, March 2008
Temporary Debris Management Site
Photo courtesy of CDC/ATSDR.
Unplanned Occurrences
Community Collection
Photo courtesy of CDC/ATSDR.
Galveston, TX, September 29, 2008. Curbside debris collection following
Hurricane Ike. Photo by Robert Kaufmann/FEMA.
Mixed Debris Collection
All solid waste and debris
types (mixed) placed at
designated collection area
More convenient for citizens
Prolongs recycling and
reduction efforts
Increases operational costs
New Orleans, LA, July 29, 2008. Staging area for debris collection following
Hurricane Katrina. Photo by Andrea Booher/FEMA.
Separated/Segregated Collection
Photo courtesy of CDC/ATSDR.
Separated by material type
Efficient process for materials
that can be recycled or reduced
Increases salvage value
Reduces labor costs
Increases equipment costs
(more trucks needed)
Solid Waste and Debris Separation/Segregation (handout)
Neptune, NJ, September 16, 2011. Recovery managers provide this diagram to assist survivors in their cleanup effort following Hurricane Irene. Published
with permission of the Tuscaloosa, Ala. News. Photo by Christopher Mardoff/FEMA.
Pickup and Transport
Photo courtesy of CDC/ATSDR. Cedar Rapids, IA, June 25, 2008. Photo by Greg Henshall/FEMA.
Galveston, TX, September 21, 2008. Debris cleanup following Hurricane Ike. Photo by Robert Kaufmann/FEMA.
Amnesty Days
Click on camera to start video
Temporary Storage
All photos courtesy of CDC/ATSDR.
Return to Owner
All photos courtesy of CDC/ATSDR.
Activity two
Scenario: A community in your jurisdiction has been hit by a
devastating fire. Destruction of homes and businesses is severe,
creating tremendous amounts of solid waste and debris.

Task: Develop a brief public service announcement advising the
public on:
Solid waste and debris cleanup
Handling
Sorting
Separation/segregation
Disposal

White Goods Collection and Disposal



Food Locker and Supermarket
Cleanup Operations
Click on cameras to start video
Solid Waste and Debris Management Methods
Maintain separation/segregation throughout entire
process
Options include:
Reuse/recycling/reclamation
Chipping/grinding/crushing
Waste-to-energy/biomass fuel
Composting/mulching
Disposal
Mulching of green/vegetative waste. Photo courtesy of CDC/ATSDR.
Mulching of green/vegetative waste. Photo courtesy of CDC/ATSDR.
Debris recycling center in California. Photo by Andrea Booher/FEMA.
Debris grinder. Photo by Robert Kaufmann/FEMA.
Disposal Options
Landfills
Land application
Air-curtain Incineration
Open-burning
Houston, TX, June 23, 2001. Trucks dump debris at a landfill
following Tropical Storm Allison. Photo by Andrea Booher/FEMA.
Debris from Ground Zero. Photo by Andrea Booher/FEMA. Air curtain burning after Hurricane Lili. Photo by Bob McMilan/FEMA.
Burning pits after Greensburg tornado. Photo by Greg Henshall/FEMA.
Air quality monitor at debris site. Photo by Robert Kaufmann/FEMA.
Overview of an Air Curtain Operation
Conclusion Learning Objectives
Explained the role of environmental health in addressing
solid waste and debris issues
Identified key partners in preparedness, response,
recovery, and mitigation
Described different categories of waste generated by
emergencies and disasters
Described the elements of solid waste and debris planning,
management, separation/segregation, and disposal
Two activities
Questions
In partnership with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USA