Introduction To Psychology

Introduction To Psychology
Psychology is the discipline concerned with behavior
and mental processes and how they are affected by an
organisms physical state and external environment.

When people think of psychology hey usually think of
mental and emotional disorders, personal problems and
psychotherapy, but psychologists take as their subject
as entire spectrum of brave and coward, intelligent and
foolish, beautiful and brutish things people do
Introduction To Psychology
In psychologists want to know how ordinary human
being and other animals to learn, remember, solve
problems, perceive, feel and get along with others.

Empirical
Relying on or derived from observation, experimentation or
measurement.
Introduction To Psychology
Pseudoscience
Pseudoscience promises easy fixes to lifes problem
and challenges such as resolving your unhappiness,
ensuring a high IQ etc.

Thinking Critically And creatively About
Psychology
Critical thinking
Is the ability and willingness to assess claims and make
objective judgments on the basis of well supported reasons and
evidence rather than emotions.
Critical thinkers are able to look for flaws in arguments and
resist claim that have no support.
Critical thinking however in not negative thinking, it includes the
ability to come up with alternative explanation for event, think
and implication of research findings and apply new knowledge
to social and personal problems.
Thinking Critically And creatively About
Psychology
Critical thinking is not only indispensable in ordinary life
it is also fundamental to all sciences including
psychological science.

By exercising critical thinking you will be able to
distinguish serious psychological problem and the
psychobabble that clutters the airwaves
Eight Essential Guide Lines To Think Critically
Ask Questions be willing to wonder
Ask questions so that will get to know about the different
aspects
The trigger mechanism for creative thinking is the disposition to
be curious, to wonder, to inquire.
Define your Terms
Once you raise a general question, the next step is to frame it in
clear and concrete terms.
What makes people happy is a fine question but it will not lead
to answers until you define that what you mean by happy.
Vague and poorly defined terms in question can lead to
misleading or incomplete answer.


Eight Essential Guide Lines To Think Critically
Examine The Evidence
Accepting a conclusion without evidence is a sign o lazy
thinking.
The more extra ordinary the claim, the more extra ordinary the
evidence must be back it up.
If checking the reliability of the evidence directly is not possible,
critical thinkers consider that whether it has come from the
reliable source.
Reliable authorities exercise critical thinking themselves
They have education, or experience in the field in which they
have expertise and they trusted by other experts in the field
Eight Essential Guide Lines To Think Critically
Analyze Assumptions And Biases
Assumptions are beliefs that are taken for granted.
Critical thinkers try to identify and evaluate the unspoken
assumptions on which claims and arguments must rest.

When a assumption or belief keeps us from considering the
evidence fairly or causes us to ignore the evidence completely it
become a bias.
Often bias remains hidden until someone challenges our belief
and we get defensive and angry.

Eight Essential Guide Lines To Think Critically
Avoid Emotional Reasoning
Emotions has a place in critical thinking.
Passionate commitment to a view motivates people to think
boldly, to defend unpopular ideas, and to seek evidence for
creative new theories.
When gut feeling replace clear thinking the results can be
dangerous.
Because our feelings feel so right, so natural we may not realize
that people who hold an opposing viewpoint feel just as strongly
as we do.
Emotional conviction alone cannot settle arguments.
Eight Essential Guide Lines To Think Critically
Dont Oversimplify
A critical thinker looks beyond the obvious, resist easy
generalizations and rejects either, or thinking
People are in the habit of making general ideas about certain
happenings, places.
One should not generalize the matters, should go deep inside to
solve them and come up with strong argument.

Eight Essential Guide Lines To Think Critically
Consider the others Interpretations
While drawing a conclusion one must focus on others
interpretation also
You might get any clue in the information

Tolerate Uncertainty
Ultimately learning to think critically teaches us one of the
hardest lesson that how to live with uncertainty
Some times it is little or no evidence available to examine.