Enhancing Students

Motivation to Learn
Chapter 6

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Key Issues in Students
Motivation to Learn
Motivation = expectation x value x climate
Expect they can accomplish task
Find value in the task
Complete the task in a supportive environment
Eccles & Wigfield believe that motivation relates
to value
Intrinsic value-simple interest
Attainment value-achievement, notoriety or influence
Utility value-benefits to ones career or personal goal
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Culturally Responsive Teaching
Wlodkowskis and Ginsberg theory based on
intrinsic motivation. Creating a common culture
that all students can accept:
Establishing inclusion-teachers and students are
respected
Developing attitude-favorable disposition through
personal relevance.
Enhancing meaning-creating challenging experiences
which involve the students perspectives and values
Engendering competence-students are effective in
learning something they value
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Students 14 Academic Needs
1. Understand and value the learning goals
2. Understand the learning process
3. Actively involved in the learning process
4. Take their own interests and set learning goals.
5. EXPERIENCE SUCCESS
6. Receive realistic and immediate feedback
7. Receive appropriate rewards for performance gains
8. See learning modeled (exciting and rewarding)
9. Experience a safe, organized environment
10. Have time to integrate learning
11. Have positive contact with peers
12. Receive instruction matched to learning styles
13. Be involved in self-evaluation
14. Have instruction sensitive to needs of second language



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Learning Goals
Academic Need #1

Objectives
Reasons
Activity (ies)
Assessment
Only 5% explicitly describe the purpose of
the assignment in terms of the content
being taught.
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Learning process
Academic Need #2
What is a functional definition of learning?
Looks Like
Eyes focused on speaker
Concentrates on work
Organized
Cooperates
Follows rules & procedures
Sets goals
Stays calm when faced with
problem
Uses time wisely
Learns from mistakes
Shares materials
Doesnt give up
Sounds like
Gives encouragement
Uses appropriate
voice level
Asks questions
Shares ideas
Comments on on-task
Is courteous to others
Uses problem solving
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Understand the Basic concepts
of Motivation
Teach the students about learning and
motivation
Teach motivation = expectation x value x
climate
Teach Gardners concept of multiple
intelligences/talents-let them excel at
something
Learn about your learning styles
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Understanding the taxonomy of
learning
Factual Level
Concept Level
Generalization Level
Personal Application Level
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Studying effectively
Cognitive interventions
Underlining
Highlighting
Using mnemonic strategies
Outlining
Summarizing (SQ3R)
Affective interventions
Attribution
Attitudes
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Demystifying the Learning Process
Clearly define learning
Celebrate success
Express goals and objectives
Relate learning to life
Teach students a taxonomy of
learning
Teach concepts of motivation
Explain you choice of
instructional method
Have students establish
learning goals
Have experts assess student
performance
Teach about learning styles
Teach about differences and
working with differences
Teach to special abilities


Use peer tutoring
Teach key instructional
used by staff
Involve students in
teaching
Have student provide
feedback
Explain your philosophy
of assessment to
students
Clarify when assessment
will occur
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Active Involvement in the
learning process
Academic need #3
Teachers need to
analyze their use of
passive and active
learning. Many
children of color
respond favorably to
active teaching styles
Black and Hispanic youth
respond favorably to:
Think-pair share
activities
Lively group
discussions
Cooperative learning
Group projects
Sharing personal
stories
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Make goals relate to Student Interest
Academic Need #4
Early in the school year,
have students build a list
of things they would like
ot learn
Have students list
questions about the topic
to be covered
Teach students how to
order support material on
topics of interest
Teach students how to
invite guest speakers
Allow students to choose
topics they will study
Create opportunities for
structured sharing
Develop special interest
days
Do not assign topics..let
them choose
Use learning logs
Use a KWL approach
Allow students to develop
their own spelling words
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Thematic Instruction
Highly effective for students with limited English
Proficiency.
Place-based education is a form of thematic
instruction that suggests five types of subjects:
Cultural studies
Nature studies
Real-world problem-solving
Internships
Induction into community

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Student Goal Setting
Contracts should include:
What material the student plans to learn
What activities the student will engage in to
develop these skills
The degree of proficiency the student will
reach
How the student will demonstrate that
learning has occurred
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Experience Success
Academic Need #5
Following success
students raise
expectations and
goals


Following failure
students lower their
aspirations and
expectations
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Feedback Enhances Self-Efficacy
Academic Need #6
Students who receive frequent feedback
Found the task more interesting
Worked on the task because they were
interested
Attributed their success on their interest
and effort
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Reward for Performance
Rewards for performance should only be
used when other attempts such as altering
the approach to presenting the material,
individual goals, and other motivational
and instructional strategies have failed.
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Modeling
Academic Need #8
When students observe you in a
classroom, are they seeing someone who
appears sincerely and enthusiastically
interested in what they are doing and
teacher?


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Academic Needs 9-11
Research shows that students need a safe
and secure classroom, time to integrate
learning, and engage in positive contact
with their peers.
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Receiving Appropriate Instruction
Academic Need #12
Apply learning style research
Adjusting environmental factors
Use visual displays
Allow students to sit where they want
Permit choice of where to study
Be sensitive to sound and visual distractions
Make healthy snacks available
Allow multiple or solo grouping
Provide structure for short and long term goals
Provide instruction in study skills
Employ goal setting, monitoring, and contracts
Adjust schedules to accommodate students strengths
Increase wait time
Develop centers that incorporate multiple modalities

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Learning styles
Incorporate a variety of Instructional
techniques
4 MAT
Innovative Learner
Analytic Learner
Common-Sense Learner
Dynamic Learner

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Gardners Multiple Intelligences
Logical/mathematical
Visual/spatial
Bodily/kinesthetic
Musical/rhythmic
Naturalist
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Verbal/linguistic
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Self-Evaluating
Academic Need #13
Use data displays
Have students set learning goals and
monitor their own learning
Data provide concrete reinforcement of
learning


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Sensitivity to Second Languages
Academic Need #14
Joint productive activities
Language development
Contextualization
Challenging activities
Instructional conversation
Diverse entry points