UMAYYAD ARCHITECTURE (661M-

976M)
The Great Palace Of Al-hambra
The Great Mosque Of Cordova
Introduction
Muawiyah Bin Abu
Sufyan
(661-680M)
Abdul Malik Bin Malik
(685-705M)
Umar Bin Abdul Aziz
(717-720M)
Hisyam Bin Abdul Malik
(724-743M)
Abdul Rahman I
(756-788M)
Abdul Rahman II
(822-825M)
Abdul Rahman III
(912-961M)
Abdul Rahman IV
(961-976M)
DAMASCUS
SPAIN
Territory
Significant Building During Umayyad Period
Great mosque of damascus-
Syria
Dome of the rock-
Jerusalem
Al-aqsa mosque-Jerusalem
Great Mosque Cordoba-Spain
Al-Hambra palace- Spain
ALHAMBRA
PALACE,
SPAIN
IT IS THE MOST FAMOUS EXAMPLE OF THE
ISLAMIC INFLUENCE IN SPAIN.

ERAZ AQILAH BINTI TAJUL EDRUS
MINA AAINAA BINTI MOHD SANUSI
NUR IZYAN BINTI OTHMAN
CHRONOLOGY OF ISLAMIC
SPAIN
636-700 rapid expansion of islam following Muhammads
wafat.
756 -the arrival of prince Abdul Al Rahman in Spain from
Morocco as the soul surviving member of the Umayyad
Dynasty of Damascus.
1238- The Alhambra was begun. It was built on the hill
Sabikah for defensive reasons. Ibn
al-ahmar founded the
Nasrid Dynasty, and has
built the Alhambra.
Islam was spread rapidly
into West Asia , North
Africa and finally to Spain.

HISTORY
Alhambra is an ancient arab fortress located on the hills close
to Granada
Alhambra : The Red one (red colour of the walls around
Alhambra.
Its principal architectural form was the mosque, which in the
early days of the religion was a simple hypostyle hall oriented
to Mecca.
The Umayyad caliphs in Spain made Cordoba its capital and
erected a splendid mosque there.
Cordoba is the new center in Spain
Alhambra is first and foremost a fortification, defined by a
defensive wall.

SITE PLAN OF ALHAMBRA
ARMORY
define by a
defensive wall by
towers and gate
was heavily
fortified with a
watch tower
PALACE OF
CHARLES V
ARAB BATHS
GATE OF JUSTICE
(BAB AL-SHARIA)
2
nd
enterance
PALACE COMPLEX
PALACE COMPLEX
COURT OF THE
MYRTLES
COURT OF THE
LIONS
The palace enterance is Bab al-Ghadur,
rename by christians the Gate of the Seven
Floors
The 2
nd
enterance, Bab al-Sharia renamed the
Gate of Justice.
a dense network of rooms
mediated by airy gardens with pools of water
Water significant of luxury
The Alhambras design is exquisitely simple:
basic square-shaped building with courts.
Any extension was connected by a passage.
The true visual joy is when you walk into the
rooms

COURT OF THE MYRTLES
For sovereign and
entourage
COURT OF THE LIONS
for public
ceremonials
four channels of water,
representing the four rivers
of Paradise declared in the
Quran
columnar portico
surrounding the courtyard
ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS
Increadible richness of decoration
> MOJALICAS
ARABESQUES
, seen all over
the wall of
alhambra

geometry, floral
pattern

COURTYARD-a transitional area between
the administrative section of the royal
precinct and the Palace of Comares
WATER ELEMENT-architecture &
nature are fused so harmoniously
Court of the Lions

MATERIAL (Stained glass)- The mysterious light that
filters today through the window of the throne room



MUQARNAS dome, seen in hall of
Two Sisters.
Every known honeycomb pattern
is used in the ceiling design, which
comprises 5000 cells.
FLOOR , the square is paved
with
coloured tile sand the colonnade
with white marble.
The Great Mosque Of Cordoba
(784)
The Great Mosque Of Cordoba
The site originally a Pagan Temple, then
a Visigoth Christian church, Church of St. Vincent during years 600
Then the Umayyad moors come and converted the building into the
mosque and then build a mosque on the site.
The one of the most accomplished monuments of Islamic
architecture
After the Spanish Reconquista, it once again became a Roman
Catholic church
Great Mosque of Cordoba was begun between 784 and 786 during
the reign of 'Abd al-Rahman I

Architectural features
Square and rectangular plans
Hypostyle prayer hall
Double arches construction
Horseshoe arches (originally from visigoth architecture
arches without keystone)
Courtyard
Alternating red and white voussoirs (Inspired from dome
of the rock)
Use Ashlar construction


THE GREAT MOSQUE OF CORDOBA
AERIAL VIEW
Stages extension of the mosque .
Spatial
Elevated view of mosque with sixteenth
century cathedral inserted at center. Court
of Oranges seen in the lower foreground
Court of Oranges, elevated view
from north with courtyard portal to
prayer hall
Architectural
element
Architectural element
The system of columns
supporting double
arcades of piers and
arches with alternating
red and white voussoirs
is an unusual treatment
that, structurally,
combined striking visual
effect with the practical
advantage of providing
greater height within the
hall.
Interior view of the prayer hall, looking
through the maqsura towards Qibla
wall
Interior view of the maqsura,
showing polylobed arches before
the qibla wall (to the right)
Interior view of the maqsura; ribbed
vault before door to the right (west)
of mihrab (Bab al-Amir)
Interior view of the maqsura; mihrab.

Mihrab chamber is seen through the
archway
interior view of the maqsura; ribbed vault before
mihrab and zone of transition

Interior view of the Royal
Chapel (Capilla Real),
showing zone of transition
with ribbed vault
References
http://www.spanisharts.com/arquitectura/i_prerromanico
_visigodo.html
archnet.org/library/images/umayyad style
wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_Mosque
Nuhan N. Khaury,The meaning of the great mosque of
cordoba in 10
th
century,Page81-94,Independent
publisher
A global history of architecture/Francis D.K Ching, Mark
Jarzombek, Vikramaditya Prakash , Published by John
Wiley & sons Inc., Hoboken, New jersey