Group Members:

1.Ahmed,Safayet- 11-19077-2
2.Hasan,Md.Rabiul- 11-19077-2
3.Islam,Md.Nahian- 11-18920-2
4. DebNath, Mission Kumar- 11-18942-2


Course Faculty: FAIZ, FAIRUZA

Energy Source



WIND ENERGY




What is Wind Energy



Electrical energy obtained from
harnessing the wind with windmills or
wind turbines.
History of Wind Energy

Sailboats and Sailing ships have been using
wind power for at least 5,500 years
Architects have used wind-driven natural
ventilation in buildings since similarly ancient
times.
The wind wheel of
the Greek engineer Heron of Alexandria the
first century AD is the earliest known instance
of using a wind-driven wheel to power a
machine.
The first practical windmills were in use
in Sistan called "Panemone windmills.




History of Wind Energy
(Cont.)
Heron's Windwheel:


History of Wind Energy
(Cont.)
James Blyth's Windmill: The first windmill
used for the production of electricity.


History of Wind Energy
(Cont.)
First automatically operating wind
turbine:
It was build by Charles F.Bruse

History of Wind Energy
(Cont.)
The world's first megawatt-sized wind turbine: Known as
Grandpa's Knob in Castleton, Vermont,USA.
The world's first multi-megawatt wind turbine: It was
built by the teachers and students of the Tvind school which
is situated in DENMARK.
capable of delivering 2MW.
The world's first operational deep-water large-
capacity floating wind turbine, Hywind, became operational
in the North Sea off Norway.
Different Rotor size of
Windmill
HOW WIND TURBINES
GENERATE ELECTRICITY

What are Wind Turbines?

Wind turbines are devices that
convert the winds kinetic energy into
mechanical energy.

Wind turbines have a variety of
shapes and sizes

Basic Parts
Structure

Basic Processes

Capturing Wind Energy
Blades
Hub
Converting to Electricity
Shaft
Gear Box
Generator
BLADE

Blades are Wind Catcher.
Aerodynamic Design.
Three blade rotor is best for stability.

Aerodynamics of Rotor
Blades
HUB

Blades are directly bolted.
Hub is fixed to the rotor shaft which
drives the generator through a
gearbox.
NACELLE
Low speed shaft
Brake
Gear Box
High speed shaft
Generator
Anemometer
Wind vane

LOW SPEED SHAFT

The shaft from hub to the Gear box.
Speed is typically between 40rpm to
400rpm.

GEAR BOX
Gearbox increases the speed of the shaft.
Upto1800rpm (Approx.)


Gear
A
Gear
B
High Speed Shaft


Gearbox is followed by the high
speed shaft.
Connects to generator.

Generator
Mechanical energy to Electrical
energy.
Connected to the electrical grid.
Need to have a cooling system.
Yaw System

Wind Vane measures wind direction.
Yaw bearing
Yaw drives
Yaw brake
Controlling Mechanism

Anemometer measures wind speed.
Braking System.
Controller takes data & works
accordingly.
Power Production Orthodox
Wing Span
Power Production Orthodox
Wind Speed

Energy Production Orthodox
Wind Velocity vs Height
Overall System

Classification of Wind Turbines

1.Axis of rotation
2.Blade concept
3.Gearbox concept
4.Direction of operation
5.Tower concept


Axis of Rotation

Vertical Axis Turbine
* Drag force supports the rotor for rotation
* needs a push before it starts not self starting
* no yaw mechanism no need of tower gear box
and generator placed in the ground
Horizantal Axis Turbine
*Horizontal axis wind turbines work by facing
propeller blades into the wind on a horizontal rotor
shaft. The action of the wind causes the blades to
spin, much like a pinwheel.
* The blades are fixed and are connected to the rotor
shaft, which rotates with them in the wind.


Blade Concept :

Single bladed
* rotor imbalance needs counter weight needs hinge mechanism
& shock absorbers
*aerodynamic efficiency less only one blade cost
Two bladed
* rotor imbalance no uniform torque needs hinge mechanism &
shock absorbers
*aerodynamic efficiency less less bending moments cost is for
two blades
Three bladed (Normal / present practice)
* Uniform torque / symmetrical three blade cost
Multi bladed
* preferably used for windmill water pumping


3.Gearbox Concept

Turbines with gear
Planetary gear box - Parallel shaft helical
gear box
loads will be high vibrations are more
Turbine without gear
Rotor directly connected to the generator
slow speed operation
no of poles in the generator will be more
less weight of the nacelle

FIG : with gear and without
gear

Direction of Operation :

Upwind turbines
rotor faces the wind
avoids the wind shade behind the tower
requires a separate yaw mechanism
blade should be more inflexible to have more tip tower
clearance

Downwind turbines
rotor faces the lee side of the tower
no need to have an active yaw mechanism / passive yaw
mechanism is sufficient
blades can of more flexible
structural dynamics is better because of flexible blades
that take part in load off the tower


Tower Concept :

Turbines with tubular steel tower
Area of contact is more hence more loading but evenly
distribution attractive cost is more
With tubular concrete
Area of contact is more high elasticity loading high but even
distribution cost slightly less
With lattice tower
Area of contact is less less loading load distribution is uneven
transportation / fabrication easy
With three legged tower
Area of contact is less less loading load distribution is uneven
transportation / fabrication easy
With guy wired tower
Area of contact is less less loading load distribution even
transportation / fabrication easy
not suitable for huge wind turbines

2. Model and size of wind plant :
This data was provided by the
nasa as their progress on wind
power plant and their individual
model for their height .






Global Wind Power
Production

At the end of 2011, worldwide capacity of
wind-powered generators was 238 GW
growing by 41 GW over the preceding year.
28% of stationary (grid) electricity production
in Denmark (2011),19% in Portugal
(2011),16% in Spain (2011), 14% in Ireland
(2010) and 8% in Germany (2011).
As of 2011, 83 countries around the world
were using wind power on a commercial
basis.


Global Wind Power
Production
Europe accounted for 48% of the world total
wind power generation capacity in 2009.
In 2010, Spain became Europes leading
producer of wind energy; achieving 42,976
GWh.
Germany held the top spot in Europe in terms
of installed capacity, with a total of 27,215
MW as of 31 December 2010.
Wind Energy In Bangladesh
Bangladesh is in the midst of a severe energy
and power supply crisis; one of the worst in
South Asia.
Approximately 85% of the power generated in
the country is from natural gas.
In order to meet the growing energy demand,
the government has increased its focus on
renewable energy in the past decade
The government is now looking to explore the
potential of wind energy, particularly along the
countrys 700 kilometer long coastline.

Wind Speed Study
in Bangladesh
Little systematic wind speed study
Data collected by meteorology department meant
for
weather forecasting
- Insufficient for determining wind energy potential
1982 - Early study report from 30 years
meteorological data
- Wind speeds in Chittagong and Cox's Bazar
districts
promising
- Only coastal area and bay islands assumed
promising for electricity generation

Wind Speed Study contd.
1995 - Measurement in Patenga (Chittagong)
at a
height of 20 m
- Wind speed higher than values obtained by
meteorological department
1996-97 - Study at seven coastal sites at a
height of 25 m by Bangladesh Centre for
Advanced Studies
1996-97 - Study with technical assistance
from GTZ
2001-2002 - Bangladesh Council of Scientific
and
Industrial Research (BCSIR)
2004 - SWERA study

Wind Data
Wind speed at 25 m height measured
by BCAS

Wind Power Generation
in Bangladesh
Only two wind power generation
projects in Bangladesh
- Muhuri Dam wind power project
(2005)
Feni.
- Kutubdia Island wind power project
(2007-08) ,Chittagong.

Wind Power Generation
in Bangladesh
Muhuri Dam Project (2005)
900-kilowatt plant
4x225 kW Vestas turbine (diameter 27
m)
First grid-connected wind plant in
Bangladesh
Estimated annual production: 2 GWh
(for an equivalent of 2,500 hours of
full load/year)
Wind Power Generation
in Bangladesh
Kutubdia Island (2007-08)
1000-kilowatt plant
50X20 kW turbines on 50ft tower
Estimated anual production :2GWh

Wind Power Generation
in Bangladesh Contd.
11 small wind turbines in various
coastal sites installed by BRAC
Grameen Shakti
- 2 wind generators of 300 W and 1 kW
at a Chakoria Shrimp Farm
- 4 small wind generators
(3x1.5 kW + 10 kW) in Barguna.

Windpumping in Bangladesh

BCAS installed a windpump in
Patenga (Chittagong)
40 ft high tower with
12 blades rotor
Average water output
between November and
January ~8000 liters/day


A windpump set up by BCAS at Patenga,
Chittagong


THANK YOU
EVERYONE