Moments of Inertia

Moment of Inertia of an Area by Integration

Second moments or moments of inertia of an area
with respect to the x and y axes,
} }
= = dA x I dA y I
y x
2 2
Misalkan dA adalah sebuah elemen dari luasan dan berjarak y
dari sumbu x. Maka hasil kali y
2
dA disebut momen inersia
(second moment of area) elemen terhadap sumbu x.
Momen inersia sering digunakan dalam soal-soal
mengenai poros dan balok (beam)
Example
For the rectangular area of fig. 1 , determine the moment of inertia I
x
of the
area with respect to the centroidal x axis
x
y
b
h
We select as an element of area a horizontal
strip of length d and thickness dy
x
b
+h/2
-h/2
dy
y
| |
3
3 3
2 /
2 /
2 /
2 /
3 2 2
12
1
8 8 3
1
3
1
) (
bh I
h h
b I
y b bdy y dA y I
x
x
A
h
h
h
h x
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
= = =
} }
+

Polar Moment of Inertia

The polar moment of inertia is an important
parameter in problems involving torsion of
cylindrical shafts and rotations of slabs.
}
= dA r J
2
0
The polar moment of inertia is related to the
rectangular moments of inertia,
( )
x y
I I
dA y dA x dA y x dA r J
+ =
+ = + = =
} } } }
2 2 2 2 2
0
Sample Problem
a) Determine the centroidal polar
moment of inertia of a circular
area by direct integration.
b) Using the result of part a,
determine the moment of inertia
of a circular area with respect to a
diameter.
SOLUTION:
An annular differential area element is chosen,
( )
} } }
= = =
= =
r r
O O
O
du u du u u dJ J
du u dA dA u dJ
0
3
0
2
2
2 2
2
t t
t
4
2
r J
O
t
=
From symmetry, I
x
= I
y
,
x x y x O
I r I I I J 2
2
2
4
= = + =
t
4
4
r I I
x diameter
t
= =
Parallel Axis Theorem
Consider moment of inertia I of an area A
with respect to the axis AA
}
= dA y I
2
Seringkali diperlukan untuk menghitung momen inersia
terhadap suatu sumbu yang tidak melalui sentroid. Hal ini
dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan teorema sumbu sejajar.
The axis BB passes through the area centroid
and is called a centroidal axis.
( )
} } }
} }
+
'
+
'
=
+
'
= =
dA d dA y d dA y
dA d y dA y I
2 2
2 2
2
2
Ad I I + = parallel axis theorem
The first integral represent the moment of inertia I
BB
of the
area with respect to centroidal BB axis. The second integral
represents the first moment of the area with respect to the BB
axis and is equal to zero, since the centroid C of the area is
located on that axis
( )
} } }
} }
+
'
+
'
=
+
'
= =
dA d dA y d dA y
dA d y dA y I
2 2
2 2
2
Moment of inertia I
T
of a circular area with
respect to a tangent to the circle,
( )
4
4
5
2 2 4
4
1
2
r
r r r Ad I I
T
t
t t
=
+ = + =
Moments of Inertia of Composite Areas
Momen inersia dari luasan komposit sama
dengan algebraic sum dari momen inersia
seluruh part penyusunnya.
Example
-
=
4 6 2 2 2
2
'
) 10 ( 4 , 11 ) 75 ( ) 25 ( ) 25 (
4
1
mm
Ad I I
y x x
= + =
+ =
t t
Circle
75
75
100
25
Rectangle
4 6 2 3
2
'
) 10 ( 5 , 112 ) 75 )( 150 )( 100 ( ) 150 )( 100 (
12
1
mm
Ad I I
y x x
= + =
+ =
The moment of inertia for the composite area is
4 6
6 6
) 101(10
) 10 ( 5 , 112 ) 10 ( 4 , 11
mm
I
x
=
+ =
Sample Problem
Determine the moment of inertia
of the shaded area with respect to
the x axis.
SOLUTION:
Compute the moments of inertia of the
bounding rectangle and half-circle with
respect to the x axis.
The moment of inertia of the shaded area is
obtained by subtracting the moment of
inertia of the half-circle from the moment
of inertia of the rectangle.
Sample Problem
SOLUTION:
Compute the moments of inertia of the bounding
rectangle and half-circle with respect to the x axis.
Rectangle:
( )( )
4 6
3
1
3
3
1
mm 10 2 . 138 120 240 = = = bh I
x
Half-circle:
moment of inertia with respect to AA,
( )
4 6 4
8
1
4
8
1
mm 10 76 . 25 90 = = =
'
t tr I
A A
( )( )
( )
2 3
2
2
1
2
2
1
mm 10 72 . 12
90
mm 81.8 a - 120 b
mm 2 . 38
3
90 4
3
4
=
= =
= =
= = =
t t
t t
r A
r
a
moment of inertia with respect to x,
( )( )
4 6
3 6 2
mm 10 20 . 7
10 72 . 12 10 76 . 25
=
= =
' '
Aa I I
A A x
moment of inertia with respect to x,
( )( )
4 6
2 3 6 2
mm 10 3 . 92
8 . 81 10 72 . 12 10 20 . 7
=
+ = + =
'
Ab I I
x x
Sample Problem
The moment of inertia of the shaded area is obtained by
subtracting the moment of inertia of the half-circle from
the moment of inertia of the rectangle.
4 6
mm 10 9 . 45 =
x
I
x
I =
4 6
mm 10 2 . 138

4 6
mm 10 3 . 92
Moments of Inertia of Composite Areas
The moment of inertia of a composite area A about a given axis is
obtained by adding the moments of inertia of the component areas
A
1
, A
2
, A
3
, ... , with respect to the same axis.