THE ARCHITECTURE FOR DECISION

SUPPORT APPLICATIONS
Part 1
Architecture for DSS
Dr. Ir. Sudaryanto !Sc.
Ir. "IP#$ !Sc "AIT%Thai&and$ Dr. rer.'o&. "Aachen%(er)any$
*
A Deci+ion Su''ort Sy+te) i+ an a''roach
for +u''ortin, deci+ion%)a-in,
* Thi+ a''roach i+ rea&i.ed in +'ecific DSS
a''&ication+
/ Cu+to) a''&ication+ to +u''ort uni0ue
deci+ion +ituation+
/ Co))on a''&ication+ to +u''ort re'etiti1e
deci+ion +ituation+
Deci+ion Su''ort Sy+te)
* Deci+ion 2ua&ity3
/ I)'ro1e deci+ion )a-in, effecti1ene++ of
un+tructured non'ro,ra))ed deci+ion+.
/ I)'ro1e chance+ of a 'o+iti1e deci+ion
outco)e.
/ Fa+ter deci+ion )a-in, to ta-e ad1anta,e of
+udden o''ortunitie+.
/ A4i&ity to a''&y 5ider ran,e of )ode&in, and
ana&y+i+ too&+ than )anua&&y 'o++i4&e.
/ Enforce)ent of o46ecti1ity 7 con+i+tency.
DSS (oa&+
*
Ne5 In+i,ht+ 7 Learnin,3
/ A&&o5 deci+ion )a-er+ to e8'eri)ent 5ith
different +trate,ie+ or a&ternati1e+.
/ A&&o5 deci+ion )a-er+ to e8a)ine chan,e+ in
deci+ion )a-in, condition+ "5hat%if$.
/ A&&o5 deci+ion )a-er+ to trac- con+e0uence+
of current or 'a+t deci+ion+.
* I)'ro1ed !ana,e)ent of Deci+ion+3
/ Enhance i)'&e)entation 4y co))unicatin,
deci+ion a+'ect+.
/ Pro1ide for )onitorin, 'ro,re++ of deci+ion
outco)e+.
/ E)'o5er )ana,er+ 4y 'ro1idin, acce++ to
5ider array of data and infor)ation.
DSS (oa&+
* Se)i%+tructured deci+ion+
* For )ana,er+ at different &e1e&+
* For ,rou'+ and indi1idua&+
* Interde'endent 7 +e0uentia& deci+ion+
* Su''ort inte&&i,ence de+i,n 7 choice
* Su''ort 1ariou+ deci+ion +ty&e+ 7
'roce++e+
* Ada'ta4i&ity 7 f&e8i4i&ity
DSS Characteri+tic+
* Ea+e of u+e
* Effecti1ene++ not efficiency
* Hu)an+ contro& the )achine
* E1o&utionary u+a,e
* Ea+e of con+truction
* U+e of )ode&in, for deci+ion ana&y+i+
* 9no5&ed,e co)'onent for difficu&t
'ro4&e)+
* Communication 5ith the deci+ion )a-er
* Assimilation of -no5&ed,e fro) deci+ion
)a-er and other +ource+
* Problem Recognition 4y )onitorin,
en1iron)ent or re'ortin, e8ce'tion+
* Problem Solving and deci+ion )a-in,
* Packaging of the deci+ion for 're+entation
DSS Function+
*
Conce'tua&i.ation of DSS3 u+e of DD! 'aradi,)
*
Dia&o, 4et5een the +y+te) and the u+er
*
Data that +u''ort the +y+te)
*
!ode& to 'ro1ide ana&y+i+ ca'a4i&itie+
* Ne5 techno&o,y continue+ to affect the dia&o,
data and )ode&+
Architecture for DSS
Architecture for DSS
The Components of a DSS
___________
Strategic
Models
___________
Tactical
Models
___________
Operational
Models
___________
Model uildings
locks and
Subroutines
Model ase
Data ase
Management
S!stem
Model ase
Management
S!stem
Decision
Maker
___________
"inance
___________
Production
___________
Marketing
___________
Personnel
______________
R#D
______________
Other
______________
Other
internal
data
$%ternal
data
Document
based
data
Data ase
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n

D
a
t
a
Dialog ase
Management
S!stem
* DSS Data4a+e3
/ Deci+ion%)a-er:+ 'er+ona& data4a+e
/ Data4a+e +'ecifica&&y 4ui&t for DSS
/ Data ,athered fro) or acce++ 'ro1ided to other
or,ani.ationa& or e8terna& data4a+e+
* Data4a+e !ana,e)ent Sy+te)3
/ Soft5are +y+te) 5hich 'ro1ide+ "and +o)eti)e+
'rohi4it+$ acce++ to data4a+e content+.
* Data Dictionary ; Directory Sy+te)3
/ Inde8 of a&& data ite)+ contained in a data4a+e
* Data4a+e 2uery Faci&ity
Data !ana,e)ent Su4+y+te)
* !ode& #a+e
/ Co&&ection of )ode&+
* Strate,ic tactica& o'erationa& )ode&+
* Stati+tica& financia& )ar-etin, )ana,e)ent
+cience accountin, en,ineerin, etc. )ode&+
/)ode& 4ui&din, 4&oc-+
* Pro,ra) routine+ function+ uti&itie+ a''&et+ add%on+ etc.
* !ode& Directory
/ Cata&o, of )ode&+ their 'ur'o+e+ their re0uire)ent+ their 1er+ion+ etc.
* !ode&in, Lan,ua,e+
/ Lan,ua,e+ +'ecifica&&y de1e&o'ed for )ode&in, 'ur'o+e+
* !ode& #a+e !ana,e)ent Sy+te)
/ He&'+ u+er +e&ect 7 retrie1e a''ro'riate )ode&
/ !atche+ re&e1ant or )o+t current data fro) data4a+e to +e&ected )ode&
!ode& !ana,e)ent Su4+y+te)
* Pro1ide+ for interaction 4et5een deci+ion
)a-er and DSS.
* !ode+ of in'ut
/ Co))and Line+ )enu+ icon+ 1oice etc.
* !ode+ of out'ut
/ Screen 'a'er di,ita& fi&e
* Ty'e+ of out'ut
/ Te8t 7 nu)4er+ ,ra'h+ ani)ation+ etc.
U+er Interface ;Dia&o, !ana,e)ent
Su4+y+te)
* In+ertion of artificia&%inte&&i,ence 4a+ed
a''&ication+ into a DSS architecture
/ A++i+t u+er in +e&ectin, a''ro'riate )ode& for the 'ro4&e)
/ A++i+t u+er in )ana,in, )ode& &i4rarie+
/ A++i+t u+er in inte,ratin, uncertaintie+ and
heuri+tic+ into )athe)atica& )ode&+
/ A++i+t u+er in inter'retin, )ode& out'ut
9no5&ed,e%#a+ed Su4+y+te)+
*
Conce'tua&i.ation of DSS3 u+e of DD! 'aradi,)
*
Dia&o, 4et5een the +y+te) and the u+er
* Data that +u''ort the +y+te)
* !ode& to 'ro1ide ana&y+i+ ca'a4i&itie+
* Ne5 techno&o,y continue+ to affect the dia&o,
data and )ode&+
Architecture for DSS
1<
Provides graphical user interface&
Accommodates the user 'ith a variet! of input devices&
Presents data 'ith a variet! of formats and output devices&
(ives users )help* capabilities+ prompting+ diagnostic and suggestion
routines+ or an! other fle%ible support&
Provides interactions 'ith the database and the model base&
Stores input and output data&
Provides color graphics+ three,dimensional graphics+ and data plotting&
Ma-or Capabilities of the .ser /nterface MS
Ma-or Capabilities of the .ser /nterface MS
Dialog Components
0no'ledge base
)0no'ledge* ho' to use the s!stem
Action 1anguage
Directing the s!stem2s actions
Presentation 1anguage
Presentation of the s!stem3s
responses
The
Dialog
The Dialog Component
.ser
Trade,off
.ser st!le
)Operator*
(eneral
Consideration
Single+multiple+
top management
middle management
Simplicit!
45uestion,ans'er+
menu6
"le%ibilit!
4command
languages6
Decision maker
intermediar!

S!stematic
4menu6
/ntuitive
4command lang&6
The Dialog Component
0no'ledge
base
Action
language
Presentation
language
* 7hat the user kno's about
* the decision
* ho' to use the DSS
* 8o' to train user 9
* one to one tutorial
* classes :lectures
* programmed an computer aided instruction
* command or se5uence files
* instructions manual , online+ conte%t specific
* 8o' to control DSS
* 5uestion , ans'er
* menu , driven : oriented
* command language
* input,output approach
* visual oriented interface , icon
* voice input
* Ph!sical action
* Keyboard input
* touchscreen, mouse driven
DSS
* Printed report
* Animation
* ;oice output
Dialog St!les
Combination or set of option for implementing
the kno'ledge base+ the action language and
the presentation language
Mouse
Pull , do'n menu
move icons
(raphical presentation
Shortcut to Cd'&ayer.&n- Shortcut to Po5er'nt.&n-
<
=<
><
?<
@<
A<
B<
C<
D<
E<
F= F> F? F@
Sales ><<@
=>
Deci+ion Su''ort Sy+te)+ and Inte&&i,ent Sy+te)+ Efrai) Tur4an and ?ay E. Aron+on
Co'yri,ht 1@@A Prentice Ha&& U''er Sadd&e Ri1er N?
Captures:e%tracts data for inclusion in a DSS database
.pdates 4adds+ deletes+ edits+ changes6 data records and files
/nterrelates data from different sources
Retrieves data from the database for 5ueries and reports
Provides comprehensive data securit! 4protection from
unauthoriGed access+ recover! capabilities+ etc&6
8andles personal and unofficial data so that users can
e%periment 'ith alternative solutions based on their o'n -udgment
Performs comple% data manipulation tasks based on 5ueries
Tracks data use 'ithin the DSS
Manages data through a data dictionar!
The Capabilities of DMS in a DSS
=1
DSS Data4a+e I++ue+
DSS Data4a+e I++ue+

Data 'arehouse Data 'arehouse

Special independent DSS databases Special independent DSS databases

$%traction of data from internal+ e%ternal $%traction of data from internal+ e%ternal
and private sources and private sources

Web browser Web browser access of data access of data

Multimedia databases Multimedia databases

Ob-ect,oriented databases Ob-ect,oriented databases

Commercial database management s!stems Commercial database management s!stems

4DMS6 4DMS6
==
The 9no5&ed,e !ana,e)ent Su4+y+te)
The 9no5&ed,e !ana,e)ent Su4+y+te)

Provides e%pertise in solving comple% Provides e%pertise in solving comple%

unstructured and semi,structured problems unstructured and semi,structured problems

7hat models to use+ ho'+ interpreting 7hat models to use+ ho'+ interpreting
results results

Reasoning+ handling uncertaint!+ learning Reasoning+ handling uncertaint!+ learning

from data from data

$%pertise provided b! an e%pert s!stem or $%pertise provided b! an e%pert s!stem or

other intelligent s!stem 4A/ techni5ues6 other intelligent s!stem 4A/ techni5ues6

1eads to intelligent DSS 1eads to intelligent DSS

$%ampleH Data mining $%ampleH Data mining

The Data Component
Data source
* Directl! accessed
* /nput to the model
Traditional $DP:M/S
__________________
Data records+ files
Public Data ase
__________________
Socio,economic data
Corporate
1ibrar!
7ord processing
records management
____________________
records+ opinions+
memos+ estimate
Internal External
R
e
c
o
r
d

b
a
s
e
D
o
c
u
m
e
n
t
b
a
s
e
Information source
* /nternal 4'ithin organiGation6
* eas! to generate and manage
* $%ternal
* popular as )public data base*
* /n conte%t of DSS Has information source
* documents+ concept+ ideas+ opinions
Transaction Data
* Some DSS need transaction data
* DMS available for DSS
* $%tract files for end user
* securit!
* eas! to access
* intensit!
* /nternal data H keep up to date
* $%ternal dataH purchased
* Document based data
Data 7arehouses
Purchasing
DSS
D=
D>
M/S
Other
$%ternal
data
Production
Sales
FC
Data
Cleaning
Mainframe legacy
database
Data
warehouses
Queries
Analysis
Data 7arehouses
* Corporate database
* Prism
* 1ightship
* ;isualiGer
* Allo' DM to do their o'n anal!sis
* Online Anal!tical Processing 4O1AP6
* doing decision 'ithout help intermediaries
* driven b! the need of information
* emergence of soft'are
* maintenance
* Online Transaction Processing
* /mportant information often available onl! 'hen actuall! sought
The Model
Purposes
Treatment of
randomness
(eneralit! of
application
T!pes of
Model
OptimiGation
model

Provide analysis capabilities for DSS

Descriptive
model
Deterministic
model
Probabilistic
model
Read!,built
model
Custom,built
model

Strategic
model
Tactical
model
Operation
model
Model building
blocks and
subroutine
Model
ase
To' )ana,e)ent
* o46ecti1e
* re+ource+ needed
* 'o&icie+
Nature3 4road
* e8terna& data
* ti)e hori.on3 year+
* deter)ini+tic
* de+cri'ti1e
* cu+to)%4ui&t
Strate,ic '&annin,
* '&annin, &ocation
A''&y to 5ho&e or,.
Lo5er &e1e& )an.
* To +u''ort +hort%
ter) deci+ion
Nature
* interna& data
* dai&y%5ee-&y
* deter)ini+tic
* often ready to 4ui&t
A''&ication
* )edia +e&ection
* in1entory contro&
* credit +creenin,
A''&y to 'art of
or,.
!idd&e )an.
* Re+ource a&&ocation
* Re+ource contro&
Nature
* interna& data
* one )onth%year+
* deter)ini+tic
* ready to 4ui&t
A''&ication
* financia& '&anin,
* 'ro)otion
* 5or-er re0uire)ent
A''&y to 'art of or,.
* Ad hoc DSS
* co)'rehen+i1ene++
* Linear 'ro,ra))in,
* ti)e +erie+
* re,re++ion ana&y+i+
* !onte Car&o +i)u&ation
Traditional ;S DSS Approach to Modeling Traditional ;S DSS Approach to Modeling

Success and failures in modeling

Difficulties in obtaining input data

1ittle e%planation for their output

Difficult! in understanding ho'

to appl! the output from model

Difficulties in keeping the model

up to date

1ack of confidence of the model

b! users

1ittle integration among models

Difficult! for users to create their

o'n model
Problem of traditional modeling DSS approach to modeling

MinimiGe traditional modeling

problems

A s!stem 4DDM6 'orking together

Database
/solving man! of the problem
/input and output placed in
database

Dialog
/enhance the user to create their
o'n model+ operate the s!stem
successfull!
/keep up to date
/appl! output to decision making

Models
/more useful 4 supported b! data
and dialog6
/possible to include artificial
intelligence intelligence
DSS Approach to Modeling DSS Approach to Modeling
Re0uire !ode& #a+e !ana,e)ent Sy+te) Re0uire !ode& #a+e !ana,e)ent Sy+te)
"!#!S$ "!#!S$

F&e8i4&e )echani+) for 4ui&din, )ode&+ F&e8i4&e )echani+) for 4ui&din, )ode&+

Ea+e to u+e to o4tain needed DSS Ea+e to u+e to o4tain needed DSS

!ethod for +a1in, )ode& !ethod for +a1in, )ode&

Procedure for u'datin, )ode& Procedure for u'datin, )ode&

!ethod for )a-in, out'ut of a )ode& a+ an in'ut to other !ethod for )a-in, out'ut of a )ode& a+ an in'ut to other
)ode& )ode&
!!#S not a1ai&a4&e a+ a +tand a&one 'roduct !!#S not a1ai&a4&e a+ a +tand a&one 'roduct
4ut a+ a co)'onent of DSS ,enerator 4ut a+ a co)'onent of DSS ,enerator

D#!SB%%%%%%C !!#S D#!SB%%%%%%C !!#S

A''&y artificia& inte&&i,ence A''&y artificia& inte&&i,ence

DD! 'aradi,) 'ro1ide a 'o5erfu& conce'tua& )ode& for DD! 'aradi,) 'ro1ide a 'o5erfu& conce'tua& )ode& for
under+tandin, the co)'onent+ and re&ation+hi' in a DSS under+tandin, the co)'onent+ and re&ation+hi' in a DSS
DSS Le1e&+ 7 Ty'e+
* S'ecific DSS
/ De1e&o'ed for +u''ortin, one 'articu&ar ty'e of
deci+ion.
* DSS (enerator+
/ Pro,ra)+ 5hich deci+ion )a-er+ and 'ro,ra))er+
can u+e to 0uic-&y 4ui&d a +'ecific DSS a''&ication.
/ S'read+heet+ IFPS DRIS9 etc.
* DSS Too&+
/ Lan,ua,e+ de1e&o')ent too&+ te8t editor+ etc.
5hich re0uire )ore technica& +o'hi+tication 4efore
they can 4eco)e +'ecific DSS.
DSS Le1e&+ 7 Ty'e+
* Per)anent ; In+titutiona& DSS
/ De1e&o'ed for an on%,oin, deci+ion +ituation. !ay 4e
refined or u'dated a+ needed.
* Ad%Hoc DSS
/ #ui&t for one +'ecific deci+ion re0uirin, i))ediate
+u''ort. Often ra'id&y a++e)4&ed u+in, DSS
,enerator+ 7 too&+. !ay e1entua&&y re+u&t in
'er)anent DSS.
DSS #enefit+
/ Au,)ent deci+ion )a-er:+ -no5&ed,e )ana,e)ent
a4i&itie+
/ A&&o5 deci+ion )a-er to +o&1e &ar,er and )ore
co)'&e8 'ro4&e)+
/ !a-e deci+ion )a-in, fa+ter and )ore re&ia4&e
/ Sti)u&ate deci+ion )a-er:+ thou,ht+ a4out a 'ro4&e)
7 re1ea& ne5 5ay+ of thin-in,
/ Su''ort deci+ion )a-er:+ deci+ion;'o+ition 5ith
co)'utationa& e1idence
/ Or,ani.ationa& co)'etiti1e ad1anta,e
DSS Li)itation+
/ DSS do not re'&ace hu)an creati1ity and e8'erience
/ DSS i+ con+trained 4y the -no5&ed,e in it+ data4a+e+
/ DSS i+ con+trained 4y the )ode&+ and 'roce++e+ in it+
)ode& 4a+e and 'ro,ra))in,
/ DSS i+ &i)ited 4y it+ co)'uter '&atfor)
/ Deci+ion )a-er+ are re0uired to co))unicate 5ith
the DSS in it+ &an,ua,e or interface )ode
/ DSS are often narro5 in their area of a''&ication
DSS Le1e&+ 7 Ty'e+
* Per)anent ; In+titutiona& DSS
/ De1e&o'ed for an on%,oin, deci+ion +ituation. !ay 4e
refined or u'dated a+ needed.
* Ad%Hoc DSS
/ #ui&t for one +'ecific deci+ion re0uirin, i))ediate
+u''ort. Often ra'id&y a++e)4&ed u+in, DSS
,enerator+ 7 too&+. !ay e1entua&&y re+u&t in
'er)anent DSS.
THE ARCHITECTURE FOR DECISION
SUPPORT APPLICATIONS
Part =
Data #a+e Re0uire)ent+ for In+titutiona&
and Ad Hoc DSS
Dr. Ir. Sudaryanto !Sc.
Ir. "IP# 1@AEF !Sc AIT 1@@GF Dr. rer.'o&. Aachen =>>H$
/ntroduction /ntroduction
*Financia& '&annin,
*Portfo&io )ana,e)ent
*!ar-etin, )i8
*Ca'acity '&annin,
*?oint 1enture ana&y+i+
*Conce'tua& fra)e5or- "(arry and !orton$
* co)4ine cate,ory of )ana,eria& acti1ity "o'eration contro&
* +trate,ic '&annin,$ 5ith conce't of +tructured % un+tructured
* deci+ion )a-in,
*The u+e of DSS for o'eration contro& and +trate,ic '&annin,
*Recurrin, 4a+e+ I In+titutiona& DSS "e8'. re+ource a&&ocation$
*One ti)e deci+ion I Ad Hoc DSS "e8'. Pricin, ac0ui+ition$
/nstitutional
DSS
Ad 8oc
DSS
*Nu)4er of deci+ion occurrence+ for a deci+ion ty'e
*Nu)4er of deci+ion ty'e
*Nu)4er of 'eo'&e )a-in, deci+ion+ of +a)e ty'e
*Ran,e of deci+ion+ +u''orted
*Ran,e of u+er+ +u''orted
*Ran,e of i++ue+ addre++ed
*S'ecific data needed -no5n in ad1ance
*Pro4&e) of recurrin,
*I)'ortance of o'erationa& efficiency
*Duration of +'ecific ty'e of 'ro4&e) 4ein, addre++ed
*Need for ra'id de1e&o')ent
)any
fe5
)any
narro5
narro5
narro5
u+ua&&y
u+ua&&y
hi,h
&on,
&o5
fe5
)any
fe5
5ide
5ide
5ide
rare&y
rare&y
&o5
+hort
hi,h
Comparison of /nstitutional and Ad 8oc DSS
Source: Donovan and S. Madnic! Institutional and ad hoc DSS and their effective use! Database! "!no.#! $inter %&''! "(.
* Su''ort for )e)orie+
* Data reduction
* Jaryin, &e1e& of detai&
* Jaryin, a)ount of data
* !u&ti'&e +ource+
* Cata&o, of +ource+
* Kide ti)e fra)e
* Pu4&ic and 'ri1ate data 4a+e+
* 1aryin, de,ree+ of accuracy
* Set o'eration+
* Rando) acce++
* Su''ort for re&ation+hi' and 1ie5+
* Perfor)ance
* Interface to other DSS co)'onent+
* End%u+er interface
(eneral Re5uirements for DSS Data ases
Source: S)rague and *arlson! +uilding effective decision su))ort systems! Englewood *liffs! ,.-! .rentice /all! %&"(
Pur'o+e+
* To ,ather and ana&y.e data a4out the data4a+e co)'onent of
in+titutiona& and ad hoc DSS
!ethodo&o,y
* Structured inter1ie53 4ac-,round infor)ation data 4a+e co)'onent
Sa)'&e+
* Four co)'anie+
* !ain criteria
* +u''ort+ 4ut doe+ not re'&ace deci+ion )a-in,
* directed to5ard +e)i%+tructured and or un+tructured
deci+ion )a-in,
* data and )ode&+ or,ani.ed around the deci+ion
* Ea+y to u+e +oft5are interface
* Additiona& criteria
* interacti1e 'roce++in,
* DSS contro& and u+e deter)ine 4y the u+er
* f&e8i4&e and ada'ta4&e to chan,e in the en1iron)ent and
deci+ion )a-in, +ty&e
* 0uic- ad hoc DSS 4ui&din, ca'a4i&itie+
Case Stud!
* Norfo&- Southern Cor'oration de+i,n 4y o'erationa& re+earch +taff
* On &ine rea& ti)e dai&y 4a+i+ o'erationa& DSS
* To a++i+t di+'atcher in A&a4a)a Norfo&- and Southern Rai&5ay
* Each di+'atcher re+'on+i4&e for => %H> train+
* H>> % L>> )i&e+ trac- )o+t of the) +in,&e trac-
* Coordination route of o''o+in, train+ 5or- and in+'ection cre5
* Con+tant contact 5ith frei,ht ter)ina&
* S'ecia&i.ed a&,orith) and )ode&+ 5ere de1e&o'ed for train di+'atchin,
* In1o&1e thou+and of 'o++i4&e co)4ination 4ut 'ro1ide o'ti)a& +o&ution
* Ne5 o'ti)a& +o&ution i+ a&5ay+ 're+ented if there i+ chan,e in condition
* Inc&ude 'ro6ection of future condition o1er +i8 to ei,ht hour+
* A&& infor)ation i+ current and chan,e a+ condition chan,e
* The di+'atcher ha+ the a4i&ity to o1erride each '&an accordin, to hi+
e8'erience and 6ud,e)ent
* Di+'&ay 3 four )onitor to di+'&ay trac- &ayout )o1e)ent of train
5or-+heet for u'datin, rain data and ho5 train +hou&d 4e routed
Case Stud! of an /nstitutional DSS
Train Dispatching S!stem
* #e&&+outh te&e'hone +er1ice co)'any to the +outhern USA
* There 5a+ need an an e8ten+i1e )ana,e)ent +u''ort +y+te)
* Aid for )ana,e)ent contro& deci+ion )a-in,
* A ,rou' of +y+te) ana&y+t 5a+ for)ed
* Fir+t 'rototy'e of AI!S in L 5ee-+
* A cor'orate '&annin, )ode& for 4ud,etin, re+ource a&&ocation and
+trate,ic '&annin,
* U+e foreca+tin, ,ra'hic+ and +'read+heet data 4a+e )ana,e)ent 'ac-a,e
* G>>> u+er+ dai&y o'eration at di+trict &e1e& to ana&y.e 'erfor)ance
* At cor'orate &e1e& to con+o&idate the +tate 4ud,et+ and de1e&o' a cor'orate
4ud,et and cor'orate re+ource foreca+t
* co)4ine feature+ of office auto)ation infor)ation re+ource )ana,e)ent
and deci+ion +u''ort
* Cor'orate )ana,er+ +er1e a+ inter)ediarie+ for the CEO3 're'arin,
re'ort identifyin, 'ro4&e) e8'&orin, 'erfor)ance and 4ud,etin, +cenario+
Case Stud! of an /nstitutional DSS
Automated /nformation Management S!stem 4A/MS6
Pricin, !ode&
* At Coca co&a USA
* +u''&y 4e1era,e +yru' and +5eetenin, a,ent
* Price deter)ination for Diet co-e +yru' and A+'arta)e in 1@AH
* Creation of )ode& that a&&o5 to )ani'u&ate )ode& 'ara)eter+
in order to e1a&uate 'o++i4&e 'ricin, co)4ination
* Tea) of three3 financia& ana&y+t 4ui&der JP for +trate,ic '&annin,
* JP for +trate,ic '&annin, deter)ined the nece++ary 'ara)eter
* JP i+ the u&ti)ate u+er
* !ode& created u+in, EMPRESS3 A DSS ,enerator
* EMPREESS3 A hi,h &e1e& 'ro,ra))in, &an,ua,e 5ith financia&
+tati+tica& ,ra'hic+ and data4a+e )ana,e)ent ca'a4i&itie+
* Initia& creation in one 5ee- &ater refined
Case Stud! of an Ad 8oc DSS
Pricing Model
Ac0ui+ition !ode&
* (o&d 9i+t Inc. A,ri4u+ine++ co)'any
* P&an to ac0uire of a co)'any in a re&ated 4u+ine++ area
* Khat the 4e+t co)'any for the ac0ui+ition
* #a+ic 'ara)eter+3
* 'rice
* 1o&u)e of 4u+ine++
* 'rofit contri4ution
* DSS ,enerator3 PROFIT II
* A hi,h &e1e& 'ro,ra))in, &an,ua,e
* financia& +tati+tica& ,ra'hic+ ca'a4i&itie+
* data4a+e )ana,e)ent ca'a4i&itie+
* De1e&o' in one 5ee-
* Out'ut3 +tate)ent for inco)e ca+h f&o5 5or-in, ca'ita&
+ource and u+e of fund+ financia& ratio etc.
Case Stud! of an Ad 8oc DSS
Ac5uisition Model
* !u&ti'&e +ource+
* Kide ti)e fra)e
* Data reduction
* Jariou+ &e1e& of detai&
* Jaryin, a)ount of data
* Jaryin, de,ree of accuracy
* Su''ort for )e)orie+
* Su''ort for re&ation+hi'+ and 1ie5+
* Rando) acce++
* Security and 'ri1ate data4a+e+
* End%u+er interface
Case Stud!H the "indings
The components /nstitutional ;S Ad 8oc DSS
Case Stud!H The "indings
/ nstitutional Ad 8oc Criteria
TDS A/ MS Pricing Ac5&
Source of Data
Tran+action

% %
I nterna&

E8terna& %

Time "rame of Data
Hi+torica&

%
Current %

% %
Pro6ected %

Memor! Aids
Kor-+'ace+

Li4rarie+

Lin-+

% %
Tri,,er+

% %
* !u&ti'&e +ource+
* Kide ti)e fra)e
* Data reduction
* Jariou+ &e1e& of detai&
* Jaryin, a)ount of data
* Jaryin, de,ree of accuracy
* Su''ort for )e)orie+
* Su''ort for re&ation+hi'+ and 1ie5+
* Rando) acce++
* Security and 'ri1ate data4a+e+
* End%u+er interface
Summar!
Database Re5uirement for /nstitutional and Ad 8oc DSS
* interna&
* no re&ation+hi'
* e8ten+i1e
* )any
* &ar,e
* hi,h
* 4road
* &i)ited
* co)'&e8
* co))on
* fi8ed
* e8terna&
* %
* )inor
* fe5
* +)a&&
* &a5
* narro5
* e8ten+i1e
* +i)'&e
* rare
* 1aria4&e
/nstitutional Ad 8oc Component
$%ecutive from different division
*
+a&e+
*
'roduction )a-e 0uic- 4ut infor)ed deci+ion
*
finance
* )ar-etin,
* It i+ not 'o++i4&e to 'ro1ide e8ecuti1e+ 5ith a +in,&e +tatic
* re'ort +uch a+ +a&e+ data 4y area or re1enue 4y 0uarter
* Need a )u&ti di)en+iona& data ana&y+i+ too&
* Re0uire )u&ti di)en+iona& data 4a+e+
* To )eet end u+er+ de)and for co)'&e8 ad hoc 0uerie+
* Tran+&ate D#!S+ into on&ine tran+action 'roce++in, +y+te)
*
ena4&e On&ine Ana&ytica& Proce++in, "OLAP$
*
)u&tidi)en+iona& +'read+heet+
*
)u&tidi)en+iona& 0uery too&+
*
)u&tidi)en+iona& D#!S+
!u&tidi)en+iona& Data #a+e+ for DSS
Multidimensional Spreadsheets
* CA%Su'erCa&c for Kindo5+ "CA Inc.$
* co)4ine I+&andia +'read+heet+ 5ith Co)'eteN
* !u&tidi)en+iona& ana&ytica& too&
* I)'ro1e "Lotu+$
* E8ce& <.> inc&ude )u&tidi)en+iona& too&+ and inte&&i,ent
*
0ueryin, ca'a4i&itie+
*
!u&tidi)en+iona& Re&ation+hi' in +e'arate Data #a+e
* Pa4&o "Andyne Co)'utin,$ Pri+) "Co)+hare$
* u+in, )u&tidi)en+iona& 1ie5 of data re+idin, in RD#!S
* f&at fi&e +y+te)
* financia& and hu)an re+ource a''&ication
* Pri+) on&y 5or- on co)'any IES Pa4&o for a&)o+t any
* RD#!+
!u&tidi)en+iona& Data #a+e+
The A''&ication
*
#u+ine++O46ect+ "#u+ine++ O46ect+ Inc.$
* Ordinary RD#!S in the +er1er
* Inc&ude a )u&tidi)en+iona& c&ient data ana&y+i+ too& and
* re'ort 5riter
*
eSS#a+e "Ar4or Soft5are$ E8're++ "IRI Soft5are Acu)ate
* Enter'ri+e So&ution "9enan techno&o,y$ Li,ht+hi' Ser1er
* "Pi&ot Soft5are$
* Incor'orate +er1er )u&tidi)en+iona& data4a+e 5ith c&ient front%end too&+
* Pro1ide 'otentia& for OLAP
* Data ea+y and 0uic- to acce++ a,,re,ate and ana&y.e
* eSS#a+e "Ar4or Soft5are$
* One of the ea+ie+t OLAP too& to confi,ure
* !u&tidi)en+iona& D#!S in+ta&&ed in a +er1er runnin, 5ith OS;= or
* 5indo5+ NT
* Kor- 5ith +'read+heet+ &i-e Lotu+ 1%=%H and a''ear+ a+ a )enu choice
* Re&ationa& data 4a+e are or,ani.e to )ini)i.e +'ar+e data
* RD#!S data are nor)a&i.ed re're+ented on&y once
!u&tidi)en+iona& Data #a+e+
The A''&ication+
END