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RFID Based Car

Parking System
Submitted By:- Project Supervisor:-

Krishna Kant (11008939) Mr. Amanjot Singh
Shamim Akhtar (11012419) Asst. Professor , ECE dept.
Kishore Kunal (11008558)

20 MAY 2014
Contents
Introduction
Objectives
Flow Chart
RFID System
Block diagram
Circuit Diagram
Component list
Applications
Advantages
Future Scopes
Problem faced
Conclusion

INTRODUCTION
Automatic Car Parking System deals with maintenance of parking slots
automatically using IR Sensor.
First step begins with the module of RFID which provides wireless
identification of subscriber.

A RFID tag is attached to an object and contains information about that object
and displays it on LCD. In this system, RFID tag and RFID reader used are
operating at 125 KHz.
After passing the card over the reader, the reader quickly looks up the identifier
from the card in the database, checks to see whether the user is allowed to
pass the boomer and automatically unlocks the Boomer.
The second stage is used to determine the number of free slots inside the car
parking area with help of IR Transmitter and IR Receiver.
The Boomer at entry & exit gate gets raised when RFID Tag is authenticated by
RFID Reader.



OBJECTIVE
To develop and implement RFID and IR based car parking system for
subscriber in a parking area.
To replace the old and ineffective parking system.
To be able to monitor and update the free parking slots on LCD.
To provide security For Unauthorized subscriber.



Flow Chart
RFID System
Based on radio frequency.
Low- frequency
(30 khz-500 khz) 3 to 5 m.
Mid-frequency
(900 khz 1500Mhz) 5 to 17 m.
High-frequency
(2.4 Ghz 2.5 Ghz) 5 to 90 ft.

Consists two main components-
RFID Reader.
RFID Tags (with antenna coil).
RFID Reader
Two way radio Tx-Rx called reader.
EM-18 RFID Reader Module.
9 pin module.
In my project Low-frequency
RFID Reader is used.
Operating Frequency is 125Khz.
Electronically programmed with
unique information.
Powered up with 12V & 1A.


Reader collision is a problem with RFID Reader.
RFID TAGS
Used to uniquely identify object they are
attached to.
Made of a microchip with a tinny antenna.
Containing a identifying information.
Passive type.
Types Read only & read write.
Only focus on read only RFID tag.
2 kb product data.

AT89S52


8051
MICROCONTROLLER
IR SENSOR
IR SENSOR
IR SENSOR
IR SENSOR
POWER
SUPPLY
RFID
MODULE
LCD
DISPLAY
MOTOR
BLOCK DIAGRAM
IR SENSOR
IR SENSOR
ENTRY
EXIT
P
A S
R L
K O
I T
N S
G


Circuit Diagram
Components List
Power Supply Circuit
IC MAX 232
Opto-isolator
IR (Infrared) Sensors
H-Bridge circuit
DC Motor
Microcontroller
LCD


POWER SUPPLY
Convert AC to DC voltage.
Transformer ( 9-0-9) 750 ma
Regulated output voltage.
Output voltage = 5V (DC)
MAX232 Driver
Converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to signals suitable for use
in TTL compatible digital logic circuits.
This makes it useful for implementing RS-232 in devices that otherwise
do not need any voltages outside the 0 V to + 5 V range such as
Microcontroller.
IR Sensor
Here is the circuit diagram of an infrared sensor. Infrared sensors come in the pair
of transmitter and receiver.
Transmitter is basically an LED, which emits the light of infrared wavelength.



Receiver is basically is a photodiode

.

Optocoupler
Pc 347
Consists of LED, IR LED or Laser
diode for signal transmission.
Provide electrical isolation
between its input and output.
prevent high voltages or rapidly
changing voltages.

H-BRIDGE Circuit
Containing 4 switching element , with the load at the centre in a
H like configuration.
DC MOTOR
Type of motor that runs on direct current.
DC Motor consists of an Stator, an Armature,
a rotator and a commutator with brushes.
DC and AC Motor.
Focus only DC Motor.
Converts electrical in to mechanical energy.
Based on electromagnetism.

MICROCONTROLLER
Called as computer on a chip.
ROM (4 kb)
8 bit microcontroller
40 pin IC
RAM (128 bytes)
32 Programmable I/O Lines
Operating Range (4 5.5 V)
PORT0 , PORT1 , PORT2 , PORT3
Timer/Counters
Interrupts
RST
ALE / PROG

RST (Reset) Circuit
I/P and active high.
Reset when high.
Lost all values at reset.
Set when low.
LCD
Stand for Liquid Crystal Display.
Used in digital electronics and many
portable computer.
VDD GND
VCC and VEE (+5 V)
Control pins(4 , 5 , 6)
RS=0 , Command
RS=1 , data
R/W=0 , write
R/W=1 , read
EN =High to Low
Data pin s(7 to 15)

APPLICATIONS

In car parking management.
Toll Tax collection.
Vehicles rental lots.





ADVANTAGES
It is fully automated system.
Slots known in advance.
Save time & fuel wastage.
Not waiting at entry & exit point.
Pollution problem avoided.
Providing security & controlling.
Eliminates manual records.
Reducing man powers.
Gives automatic notifications about free parking slots.

FUTURE SCOPE
The project can be developed using advanced microcontroller like ARM 7,
ARM 9, AVR etc.
Video surveillance can be implemented.
The Database has all the vehicle information stored in it such as:
Vehicle type, model etc.
The transferred data can be saved and stored in computer as a database
using specific software.
The range of the RFID reader can be increased, so the reader can detect
the tag from far distance.
GSM module to send the parking lot subscribers notifications via SMS
informing about the availability of parking slots.


Power supply: power level decreases due to low current rating of transformer.
Difficulties faced in motor driven circuit.
Back emf is produced using relays.
Trouble shooting of IR Module is very difficult task.



PROBLEM FACED
CONCLUSION
The integration of RFID with IR sensor technology has enhanced the security
level in the Parking Area. The objectives have been fulfilled. This system is
fully automated and it does not require any human interaction therefore
eliminated the paper work. This system is accurate and can avoid theft . Power
saving is also one of the important aspect of this system.
The projects has been successfully implemented to park the vehicle automatically.
In this projects IR Sensor section is used to detect the parking slots and basic
component in this projects is the micro controller which controls all the actions
performed by various devices.

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