You are on page 1of 19

Presented by

Prof. K. V. Rao
Programme Director
Petroleum Courses
JNTUK
III Year, I Sem., B. Tech. Petrochemical Engineering

Petroleum Refinery Engineering
Overview -Continued
Summary of the history of refining processing
Year Process name Process purpose Process by-products
1862 Atmospheric distillation Produce kerosene Naphtha, tar, etc.
1870 Vacuum distillation Lubricants (original)
Cracking feedstocks
(1930s)
Asphalt, residual
Coker feedstocks
1913 Thermal cracking Increase gasoline Residual, bunker fuel
1916 Sweetening Reduce sulphur and
odour
Sulphur
1930 Thermal reforming Improve octane number Residual
1932 Hydrogenation Remove sulphur Sulphur
1932 Coking Produce gasoline base
stocks
Coke
1933 Solvent extraction Improve lubricant
viscosity index
Aromatics
1935 Solvent dewaxing Improve pour point Waxes
1935 Catalytic polymerization Improve gasoline yield
and octane number
Petrochemical
feedstocks
Summary of the history of refining processing .. Continued
Year Process name Process purpose Process by-products
1937 Catalytic cracking Higher octane gasoline Petrochemical
feedstocks
1939 Visbreaking Reduce viscosity Increased distillate,
tar
1940 Alkylation Increase gasoline octane
and yield
High-octane aviation
gasoline
1940 Isomerization Produce alkylation
feedstock
Naphtha
1942 Fluid catalytic cracking Increase gasoline yield
and octane
Petrochemical
feedstocks
1950 Deasphalting Increase cracking
feedstock
Asphalt
1952 Catalytic reforming Convert low-quality
naphtha
Aromatics
1954 Hydrodesulphurization Remove sulphur Sulphur
1956 Inhibitor sweetening Remove mercaptan Disulphides
Summary of the history of refining processing .. Continued
Year Process name Process purpose Process by-products
1957 Catalytic
isomerization
Convert to molecules
with high octane number
Alkylation feedstocks
1960 Hydrocracking Improve quality and
reduce sulphur
Alkylation feedstocks
1974 Catalytic dewaxing Improve pour point Wax
1975 Residual
hydrocracking
Increase gasoline yield
from residual
Heavy residuals
Principal products of crude oil refining
Hydrocarbon gases Uses
Liquified gases Cooking and industrial gas
Motor fuel gas
Illuminating gas
Ammonia
Synthetic fertilizer
Alcohols
Solvents and acetone
Plasticizers
Resins and fibres for plastics and textiles
Paints and varnish
Chemical industry
feedstock
Rubber products
Carbon black Printing inks
Rubber industry
Principal products of crude oil refining .. Continued
Hydrocarbon gases Uses
Light distillates
Light naphthas Olefins
Solvents and diluents
Extraction solvents
Chemical industry feedstocks
Intermediate naphthas Aviation and motor gasoline
Dry-cleaning solvents
Heavy naphthas Military jet fuel
Jet fuel and kerosene
Tractor fuel
Gas oil Cracking stock
Heating oil and diesel fuel
Metallurgical fuel
Absorber oil-benzene and gasoline recovery
Principal products of crude oil refining .. Continued
Hydrocarbon gases Uses
Heavy distillates
Technical oils Textile oils
Medicinal oils and cosmetics
White oil-food industry
Lubricating oils Transformer and spindle oils
Motor and engine oils
Machine and compressor oils
Turbine and hydraulic oils
Transmission oils
Equipment and cable insulation oils
Axle, gear and steam engine oils
Metal treating, cutting and grinding oils
Quenching and rust inhibitor oils
Heat transfer oils
Lubricating greases and compounds
Printing ink oils
Paraffin wax Rubber industry
Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics
Food and paper industries
Candles and matches
Hydrocarbon gases Uses
Residues
Petrolatum Petroleum jelly
Cosmetics
Rust inhibitors and lubricants
Cable coating compounds
Residual fuel oil No. 6 boiler and process fuel oil
Asphalts Paving asphalt
Roofing materials
Asphaltic lubricants
Insulating and foundation protection
Waterproof paper products
Refinery by-products
Coke Electrodes and fuel
Sulphonates Emulsifiers
Sulphuric acid Synthetic fertilizer
Sulphur Chemicals
Hydrogen Hydrocarbon reformation
Principal products of crude oil refining .. Continued
As of June, 2011 there are a total of 21 refineries in the country
comprising 17 (seventeen) in the Public Sector, 3 (three) in the Private
Sector and 1 (one) as a joint venture of BPCL & Oman Oil Company.

The country is not only self sufficient in refining capacity for its domestic
consumption but also exports petroleum products substantially.

The total refining capacity in the country as on 1.6.2011 stands at
193.386 MMTPA.

The company-wise location and capacity of the refineries as on 1.6.2011
is given in Table 1:

REFINERIES IN INDIA
Table 1. Petroleum Refineries in India
Table 1 .. Continued
Table 1 .Continued
* Million Metric Tonnes per Annum
EXPANSION OF EXISTING REFINERIES
Capacity expansion planned during XIth Five Year Plan has been indicated in
Table 2.

Table 2
Million Metric Tonnes Per Annum

NEW REFINERIES
New grassroots refineries coming up in the near future are indicated in Table 3.
Table 3
World's Largest Refiners
Rank by
Capacity
1
Company
Crude Capacity,
Thousand Barrels per
Calendar Day
1 Exxon Mobil Corporation 5,783
2 Royal Dutch/Shell (Netherlands) 4,509
3 Sinopec (China) 3,971
4 BP (United Kingdom) 3,325
5 ConocoPhillips 2,778
6 Chevron Corp. 2,756
7 Petroleos de Venezuela.S.A. (Venezuela) 2,678
8 Valero Energy Corporation 2,616
9 China National Petroleum Company (China) 2,615
10 Total (France) 2,451

You might also like