Lewis Structure of Polyatomic

Ions and Metallic Bonding

Lewis Structure of Polyatomic Ions
Polyatomic Ion- group of ions that has a
charge
from the word poly w/c means many,
polyatomic ions pertains to an ion made up of
many atoms more than one atom
Common polyatomic ions
Polyatomic Ion Charge = +1
ammonium - NH
4
+

Polyatomic Ion Charge = -1
acetate - C
2
H
3
O
2
-

bicarbonate (or hydrogen carbonate) - HCO
3
-

bisulfate (or hydrogen sulfate) - HSO
4
-

chlorate - ClO
3
-

chlorite - ClO
2
-

cyanate - OCN
-

cyanide - CN
-

dihydrogen phosphate - H
2
PO
4
-

hydroxide - OH
-

nitrate - NO
3
-

nitrite - NO
2
-

perchlorate - ClO
4
-

permanganate - MnO
4
-

thiocyanate - SCN
-

Polyatomic Ion Charge = -2

carbonate - CO
3
2-

chromate - CrO
4
2-

dichromate - Cr
2
O
7
2-

hydrogen phosphate - HPO
4
2-

peroxide - O
2
2-

sulfate - SO
4
2-

sulfite - SO
3
2-

thiosulfate - S
2
O
3
2-

Polyatomic Ion Charge = -3

borate - BO
3
3-

phosphate - PO
4
3-



How to do the Lewis Structure of
polyatomic ions
Determine if its an ionic or covalent bond
Take the sum of its valence electrons
Do the structure by placing the ion needing the
most electrons in the center
Distribute the computed sum of valence
electrons in the bond
Determine the number of ions needed to attain
the octet rule
Now place the structure inside a bracket with its
corresponding superscript.

Metallic bonding
As the name suggests, this type of bonding is between
metals. In this type of bonding many positive metal
ions occupy a fixed position in a lattice (a bit like ionic).
Its outer electron energy level become delocalised,
creating what is known as a sea of electrons since they
are not fixed and free to move throughout the lattice.

The metallic bond is the electrostatic attraction
between the cations and delocalised electrons. This
bond is very strong. And below are its properties and
explainations for why they are so.

Property
High melting and boiling points -There are very strong
forces between the cations and electrons so a lot of
enerequired to break the bonds.
Very good electrical and thermal conductivity.-The
delocalised electrons are able to move freely in the 'sea'.
These mobile electrons are therefore able to carry charge
or heat energy.
Poor Solubility-The electrostatic attraction between ions
and electrons is too strong to be broken by the solvent.

The physical properties of solid metals are:
conduct heat
conduct electricity
generally high melting and boiling points
strong
malleable (can be hammered or pressed out of shape
without breaking)
ductile (able to be drawn into a wire)
metallic lustre
opaque (reflect light)