1

3GPP TSG CT Chairman

Hannu Hietalahti
3GPP presentation
Architecture evolution
Moscow, October 2008
2
Migration from GSM to multi-access IP multimedia
From GSM to multi-access
SIM/USIM/ISIM support
Security evolution
System Architecture Evolution (SAE)
IMS
Multi-mode terminals and networks
Service continuity
Multiple registration
Voice Call Continuity
CS Fallback
Network selection
Contents
3
Continuous improvement of access technologies
Provision of services over any access network
...and lets make it IP all the way to the terminal !
Common Core network
GSM 900
3G HSPA
WLAN E-UTRAN EDGE
GSM 1800
GPRS
GSM 1900
GSM ph.1 R97 R98 R99 Rel-5/6 Rel-6/7 Rel-8 and onwards
WiMAX?
?

Evolved RA N
S 1
GERAN
UTRAN
GPRS Core
G b
I u
S 3
S 8
S 2
S7
Rx +
Home EPC
MME
UP E
S 6
Op . IP
Serv
(IMS,
PSS,
etc.)
Home
Inter AS
Anchor
HSS
S 6
non 3GPP WLAN
S4
S 2
vPCRF
S 7
hPCR F
Visited
Network
Home
Network
S 9
Visited EPC
Evolved RA N
S 1 SGi
UTRAN
I u
S 3
S 8
S 2
Rx +
Home EPC
MME
UP E
S 6
Op . IP
Serv
(IMS,
PSS,
etc.)
Home
Inter AS
Anchor
HSS
S 6
non 3GPP WLAN
S 2
vPCRF
S 7
hPCR F
Visited
Network
Home
Network
S 9
* Color coding: red indicates new functional element / interface
3GPP
Anchor
SGSN
S5a
From GSM to multi-access
Fixed
Packet
Cable
4
SIM / USIM / ISIM support
GSM Ph.2 R98 R99 Rel-4 Rel-5 Rel-7 Rel-8 ->



GSM phone UMTS 3G phone IP Multimedia SAE
GSM phase 2
Mandatory SIM
No USIM support
Optional GPRS
(R97 ->)
WCDMA or EDGE
Mandatory SIM
USIM support is:
Mandatory for
WCDMA
Optional for
GSM/EDGE
IMS
Mandatory USIM
No SIM specs
Optional support of
legacy SIM
ISIM support
mandatory for IMS
ME
WLAN (Rel-6)
SAE
USIM mandatory
for SAE access
3G AKA security
SIM access not
allowed any more
No need to update
legacy USIM
IMC as alternative
to ISIM for non-
3GPP access
???
5
Security evolution
Phase 2 SIM
2G
AKA
SIM
SRES
Kc
RAND
RES
Ck
Ik
RES
Ck
Ik
USIM Application
3G
AKA
ISIM Appl
UICC Smartcard, R99 ->
2G
AKA
RAND RAND
SRES
Kc
2G
AKA
SIM Appl
SRES
Kc
RAND
3G
AKA
Authentication Request (RAND )
SIP 401
Unauthorise
d
, AUTN
GSM
security
SIM
application
in UICC
3G AKA
in UICC
IMS 3G
AKA in
ISIM
+AUTN
SIM
security
in USIM
RAND+
AUTN
6
LTE = E-UTRAN = evolved radio network
Megabit class data rates
Short delays
Short transition from idle to active
SAE = System Architecture evolution
Evolved IP oriented multi access architecture
E-UTRAN integrates only to SAE, A/Gb or Iu not possible
Strongly IP based PS only network
SAE covers both 3GPP and non-3GPP access technologies
Seamless roaming between E-UTRAN, 2G and 3G (tight interworking)
Loose interworking with non-3GPP accesses
Currently work is progressing on GTP for intra-3GPP mobility and
IETF based mobility for non-3GPP mobility
The main Architecture specifications 23.401 and 23.402 frozen in June 2008
Protocol work is ongoing with the goal to freeze it in December 2008
System Architecture Evolution
(SAE)
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Deployments are expected to start with overlapping
cellular coverage
E-UTRAN overlapping with legacy 3GPP GERAN / UTRAN coverage
E-UTRAN overlapping with legacy 3GPP2 coverage
Multi-mode networks and terminals
E-UTRAN is a packet-only radio with no CS capacity
Initially E-UTRAN is foreseen as islands in the sea of
legacy cellular access
Mobility between E-UTRAN and legacy access is required
Mobility between PS and CS domains is required
Multi-mode terminals expect to use PS coverage where available
Desire to keep the connectivity and services

SAE/LTE Deployment
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Internet
IP Multimedia Subsystem
(IMS)
PS domain IP Multimedia service platform
Based on open IETF standards
End to end IP (SIP)
Multi access
GPRS, I-WLAN, fixed xDSL, Packet Cable defined
More access technologies to follow...
Circuit-switched
network
(2G or 3G)
IP Multimedia
Core
PSTN
IP connectivity
(GPRS, 3G,...)
Find & route
to destination
User data
Any IP connectivity
(3G, WLAN,...)
End-to-End IP
services
9
3GPP members, 3GPP2, WiMAX forum, ETSI TISPAN and CableLabs
contribute to 3GPP common IMS specifications
Different requirements are supported in common implementation
All IMS specifications are harmonized to 3GPP specifications
Common parts are defined in 3GPP specifications only
Core IMS entities (CSCFs, AS, UE IMS client,...) + agreed common functions
Other organisations either reference or re-use 3GPP specification as it stands
Any changes or additions in the Common IMS area are made in 3GPP
All 3GPP members can contribute on their favourite work items
Ongoing work initiated by 3GPP members, CableLabs, 3GPP2 and ETSI TISPAN
The scope and coverage of Common IMS have been agreed by the SDOs
Common version of IMS specifications in Rel-8
Business or architecture specific additions to 3GPP Common IMS are possible
outside the agreed Common IMS area
Common IMS
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Call control protocols
E-UTRAN is a PS only radio, speech and other services are IMS based
PS domain IMS uses SIP protocol for call control (3GPP TS 24.229)
CS domain uses Call Control defined in 3GPP TS 24.008
Voice Call Continuity
Domain transfer of ongoing call
Typically from E-UTRAN to 2G or 3G access
CS fallback
Paging the mobile in E-UTRAN to start CS service in 2G or 3G access
Not an E-UTRAN service, but fallback to existing service via 2G/3G
IMS service continuity
IMS service between E-UTRAN and other PS only, such as WLAN
IMS Centralized Service Control (ICS)
Common telephony services between CS and PS domain
Multi-mode,
Service continuity
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Multi-mode,
IMS registration in Rel-7
When S-CSCF detects that the same UE registers again, it considers
this as an update and overwrites existing registration
In some cases it may not be possible to de-register when changing
from one access technology to another
UE might lose radio coverage before being able to de-register
S-CSCF detects that the registration is from the same UE based on the
same privateID, which is practically a device-ID
UE (privateID-A) S-CSCF
REGISTER 1 (privateID-A, IPaddress: 1.2.3.4)
loss of
radio
UE registered with 1.2.3.4
REGISTER 2 (privateID-A, IPaddress: a.b.c.d)
UE registered ONLY with
a.b.c.d REGISTER 1 got
overwritten with REGISTER 2
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Multi-mode,
IMS Multiple registration, Rel-8
A UE is able to register the same public user identity with multiple IP
addresses at the same time
Used e.g. for IMS Service Continuity (e.g. handing over from I-WLAN
to GPRS)
No gap in reachability of the mobile
S-CSCF
P-CSCF 1
P-CSCF 2
GPRS
IP: 1.2.3.4
UE-A
HSS
I-WLAN
IP: a.b.c.d
user1 / 1.2.3.4 / UE-A
user1 / a.b.c.d / UE-A
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Multi-mode,
Single Radio Voice Call Continuity
Transfer from E-UTRAN to GERAN with active call
(not all entities shown)
PLMN serving
remote user
MSC server
IMS
MSC
E-UTRAN
2G or 3G
measurements
HO required
MME
relocation
request
prepare HO
relocation
response
session
transfer
HO command
HO complete
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Multi-mode, CS fallback
Directing the UE from E-UTRAN to 2G/3G for CS service
PLMN serving
remote user
MSC
E-UTRAN
2G or 3G
MME
SETUP
call setup
paging
paging
paging resp.
SETUP
15
Multi-mode,
Network selection
Network selection comprises two parts
Network operator selection (the goal, based on commercial agreement)
Home operator determines which visited operators are preferred
Access technology selection (the means, based on technical criteria)
Serving visited operator determines access technology, frequency band and cell
Multi-mode phones supporting many access technologies are a new
challenge
Network selection within each technology is defined for 3GPP and
non-3GPP accesses
The combination of multiple technologies is undefined
Two approaches are foreseen in Rel-8
3GPP network selection procedures are extended to cover any non-3GPP
system that supports ITU-T defined concepts of MCC and MNC
For others the ANDSF can (optionally) download network selection policy
Access technology preference, policy for changing access technology, etc.
MCC = Mobile Country Code
MNC = Mobile Network Code
ANDSF = Access Network Discovery and Selection Function
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PLMN
Selector
(USIM):
VPLMN5
VPLMN2
VPLMN1
Multi-mode network selection,
Outbound roaming example
HPLMN
VPLMN1
VPLMN2
VPLMN1
CDMA
VPLMN2
GERAN
VPLMN1
E-UTRAN
?
HPLMN has
not configured
RAT priority for
this VPLMN
HPLMN is not available
Prioritized VPLMNs are
listed with no associated
RAT in PLMN selector
with access technology:
VPLMN5 is not
available
VPLMN1 is available
VPLMN2 is available
VPLMN2 is selected via
2G, 3G or E-UTRAN
USIM configured RAT
preference possible
After PLMN selection
normal idle mode is
resumed
Cell & RAT may change
within the selected
PLMN
Background scan for
higher priority network
RAT = Radio Access Technology, PLMN = Public Land Mobile Network
VPLMN2
UTRAN
VPLMN2
E-UTRAN
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18
19

S6a
HSS
S8
S3
S1-MME
S10
UTRAN
GERAN
SGSN
MME
S11
Serving
Gateway
UE
LTE - Uu

E-UTRAN
S12
HPLMN
VPLMN
PCRF
S
7
Rx
+
SGi Operators IP
Services
(e.g. IMS, PSS
etc.)

PDN
Gateway
S1-U
S4
Mobility anchor
Packet routing
Idle mode packet
buffering & DL
initiation
Legal interception
UE IP address allocation
Packet screening & filtering
Policy enforcement
Charging support
Legal interception
NAS signaling+sign. security
Mobility between 3GPP ANs
Idle mode UE reachability
P-GW and S-GW selection
SGSN selection at HO
Authentication
Bearer establishment
SAE architecture (23.401)
User plane
security
(UMTS AKA)
Signaling
security
(UMTS AKA)
20
Trusrted*
Non-3GPP IP Access
or 3GPP Access
SGi
PCRF
S7
S6a
HSS
ePDG
S2b
Serving
Gateway
Wn*
3GPP AAA
Server

Operators IP
Services
(e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)

Wm*

Wx*

Untrusted
Non-3GPP IP
Access
Trusted
Non-3GPP IP
Access
Wa*

Ta*

HPLMN
Non-3GPP
Networks
S1-U
S1-MME
EUTRAN
2G/3G
SGSN
S4
S3
S5
S6c
Rx+
Rx+
S2a
PDN
Gateway
MME
S11
S10
UE
S2c
* Untrusted non-3GPP access requires ePDG in the data path
UE
Wu*
S2 for
connectivity
via non-
3GPP acces
Trusted IP
access directly
to P-GW
Untrusted IP
access via
ePDG
SAE non-3GPP access
(23.402)