To identify the information flow, and to

manipulate the material and energy flow of

the given process in a desired optimal way.
Response time, computing power, flexibility
and fault tolerance-crucial ON LINE
Requirements
Objective of CCP
Digital computer control
in Process Industries
Active Applications

Manipulation of
process and
Optimisation
Passive Applications
Acquisition and
manipulation of
process data.

Monitoring ,alarming

Smart sensors, smart transmitters and smart
actuators(final control elements) has inbuilt
microcomputer.

To get real time process measurement information
and automatic transmission in required form.

To ensure that the actuator ,transmitter or sensor
function according to the design.


Smart Instruments


Video display terminals to supervise the
whole plant from control room.

A few keyboards and screens replace large
panel of instruments, switches and knobs.

Control rooms are much smaller and few
people are required to monitor the plant.

Sophisticated mathematical models can be
implemented.



Modernisation





Modernisation
Plant managers and engineers can be provided
with comprehensive information concerning the
status of plant operations to aid effective
operation.

Automatic tuning of controller parameters for the
best performance.

Model based Predictive technique-optimisation
of process operation



PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY-
CONTROL ROOM
NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY-
CONTROL ROOM
BASIC FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTER AIDED
PROCESS
Measurements and data acquisition
Data conversion with scaling and checking
Data accumulation and formatting
Visual display
Comparing with limits and alarm raising
Recording and monitoring of events,
sequences and trends
Data logging
Control Actions
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER
AIDED PROCESS CONTROL
The control strategy is repeated at some
predetermined frequency to achieve closed loop
computer control system.
Computer Controlled Process-
Mode of Operations
Batch or Sequential control
Continuous Control
Supervisory Control
Direct digital control
BATCH PROCESS
CONTINUOUS PROCESS

Supervisory Control

Comprehensive picture of the status of the
plant operations.
To optimize the plant operations by
maximizing the plant yield, production
rates,minimising energy consumption, etc.
Computing set points-reorganise the control
algorithm
Review the operating conditions periodically.
Direct digital control
Computer directly controlled the process.
Loop control-Functions of Comparator,
controller, safe guarding operations
Large computer-to implement hundreds of
control loops
Control equation is chosen to suit dynamic
characteristic of the process.
Not only limited to the 3 term PID control
action.
Drawback One processor used.
A single failure affect a large no.of controlled
variables and disable the entire process
Architecture of Computer Aided Process
Control

Centralized controlled system-Large
computer system both Supervisory
and DDC

Distributed controlled system (DCS)
-Total work is divided and spread
across several computers.