Stela Valuasi Ekonomi Sumberdaya Lahan

VALUASI EKONOMI
SUMBERDAYA
LAHAN

Diabstraksikan : soemarno, jtnh fpub 2014
LAND IS THE ECONOMIC RESOURCE
Diunduh dari Sumber: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/economic-definition-four-factors-production-3941.html ....................
3/11/2012 .
LAHAN merupakan sumberdaya ekonomi yang mencakup sumberdaya alam
yang ada di dalam ekonomi nasional.
SDA ini meliputi hutan kayu, lahan, perikanan, usahatani dan sumberdaya alam
lainnya.

LAHAN merupakan sumberdaya yang langka untuk berbagai kegiatan
ekonomi.
Walaupun sampai batas-batas tertentu dapat diperbaharui, namun fisik-lahan
biasanya dianggap sebagai sumberdaya yang terbatas.

Nations harus hati-hati memanfaatkan sumberdaya lahannya, yaitu dengan
menciptakan penggunaan campuran antara ekologi dan ekonomi.
Menggunakan lahan untuk tujuan ekonomi memungkinkan negara untuk
memperbaiki proses produksi yang mengubah sumberdaya alam menjadi
barang/jasa konsumsi.

SUMBERDAYA LAHAN
Diunduh dari Sumber: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/329078/land .................... 3/11/2012 .
Dalam konteks ekonomi, sumberdaya lahan mencakup sumberdaya
alam yang digunakan dalam proses produksi.
Dalam sistem ekonomi klasik, ada tiga macam faktor produksi, yaitu
lahan, tenagakerja dan kapital.

Land was considered to be the original and inexhaustible gift of
nature. In modern economics, it is broadly defined to include all that
nature provides, including minerals, forest products, and water and
land resources.
While many of these are renewable resources, no one considers them
inexhaustible. The payment to land is called rent.

LAND QUALITY INDICATOR (LQI)
Diunduh dari Sumber: http://www.mpl.ird.fr/crea/taller-colombia/FAO/AGLL/pdfdocs/landqual.pdf .................... 3/11/2012 .
Beberapa indikator generik yang mencerminkan Kualitas Lahan
yang harus dipantau dinamikanya adalah:

1. Condition of land resources, both positive and negative;
2. Areas arising from different land uses;
3. Rates of adaptation and adoption of recommended/suggested practices;
4. Farm management practices;
5. Yields and other outputs resulting from project interventions or other
development;
6. Rural development issues such as land tenure, population density;
7. Water resources;
8. Fisheries and aquaculture;
9. Forest management;
10. Land-soil nutrients.
KONSEP HOLISTIK TENTANG LAHAN (FAO ,1976; FAO, 1995) :

"Land is a delineable area of the earth's
terrestrial surface, encompassing all
attributes of the biosphere immediately
above or below this surface, including
those of :
1. The near-surface climate,
2. The soil and terrain forms,
3. The surface hydrology (including
shallow lakes, rivers, marshes and
swamps),
4. The near-surface sedimentary layers
and associated groundwater reserve,
5. The plant and animal populations,
6. The human settlement pattern and
physical results of past and present
human activity (terracing, water
storage or drainage structures, roads,
buildings, etc.).

Fungsi-fungsi Lahan:

1. Fungsi produksi
2. Fungsi lingkungan biotik
3. Fungsi regulasi iklim
4. Fungsi hidrologi
5. Fungsi Simpanan
6. Fungsi kontrol limbah &
pencemaran
7. Fungsi ruang kehidupan
8. Fungsi Arsip atau Warisan
9. Fungsi ruang penghubung.

Atribut, Karakteristik, Sifat-Ciri dan Kualitas Lahan
1. ATTRIBUTE, or variable, is a neutral, over-arching term for a single
or compound aspect of the land;

2. CHARACTERISTIC is an attribute which is easily noticed and
which serves as a distinguishing element for different types of
land; it may or may not have a practical meaning (e.g., soil colour
or texture, or height of forest cover are characteristics without
giving direct information on land quality);

3. PROPERTY is an attribute that already gives a degree of
information on the value of the land type;

4. LAND QUALITY (or limitation) is a complex attribute of land which
acts in a manner distinct from the actions of other land qualities in
its influence on the suitability of land for a specified kind of use.
KERANGKA-KERJA EVALUASI LAHAN FAO-1976
Kualitas Lahan untuk Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas Tanaman

1. Hasil Tanaman (a resultant of many qualities listed below).
2. Ketersediaan air.
3. Ketersediaan hara.
4. Ketersediaan oksigen dalam zone akar tanaman.
5. Adequacy of foothold for roots.
6. Conditions for germination.
7. Workability of the land (ease of cultivation).
8. Salinity or sodicity.
9. Soil toxicity.
10. Resistance to soil erosion.
11. Pests and diseases related to the land.
12. Flooding hazard (including frequency, periods of inundation).
13. Temperature regime.
14. Radiation energy and photoperiod.
15. Climatic hazards affecting plant growth (including wind, hail, frost).
16. Air humidity as affecting plant growth.
17. Drying periods for ripening of crops.
Kualitas Lahan untuk Produksi Ternak

1. Productivity of grazing land.
2. Climatic hardships affecting animals.
3. Endemic pests and diseases.
4. Nutritive value of grazing land.
5. Toxicity of grazing land.
6. Resistance to degradation of vegetation.
7. Resistance to soil erosion under grazing conditions.
8. Availability of drinking water.

Kualitas Lahan untuk Produksi Hutan

1. The qualities listed may refer to natural forests, forestry
plantations, or both.
2. Mean annual increments of timber species
3. Types and quantities of indigenous timber species.
4. Site factors affecting establishment of young trees.
5. Pests and diseases.
6. Fire hazard.

Kualitas Lahan Pengelolaan Input

1. The qualities listed may refer to arable use, animal production or
forestry.
2. Terrain factors affecting mechanization (trafficability).
3. Terrain factors affecting construction and maintenance of access-roads
(accessibility).
4. Size of potential management units (e.g. forest blocks, farms, fields).
5. Location in relation to markets and to supplies of inputs.

1. FAO. 1976. A framework for land evaluation. Soils Bulletin 32, FAO, Rome. 72 p. Also,
Publication 22, (R. Brinkman and A. Young (eds.), ILRI, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
2. FAO. 1995. Planning for sustainable use of land resources: towards a new approach, W.G.
Sombroek and D. Sims. Land and Water Bulletin 2, FAO, Rome.
Kualitas Atmosferik

1. Atmospheric moisture
supply: rainfall, length of
growing season, evaporation,
dew formation.
2. Atmospheric energy for
photosynthesis: temperature,
daylength, sunshine
conditions.
3. Atmospheric conditions for
crop ripening, harvesting and
land preparation: occurrence
of dry spells.
Kualitas Tutupan Lahan
1. Value of the standing vegetation as "crop", such as
timber.
2. Value of the standing vegetation as germ plasm:
biodiversity value.
3. Value of the standing vegetation as protection
against degradation of soils and catchment.
4. Value of the standing vegetation as regulator of
local and regional climatic conditions.
5. Regeneration capacity of the vegetation after
complete removal.
6. Value of the standing vegetation as shelter for crops
and cattle against adverse atmospheric influences.
7. Hindrance of vegetation at introduction of crops
and pastures: the land "development" costs.
8. Incidence of above-ground pests and vectors of
diseases: health risks of humans and animals.
Kualitas lahan yang berhubungan dengan komponen vertikal dari
suatu unit lahan alamiah
Kualitas Permukaan Lahan dan TERRAIN
1. Surface receptivity as seedbed: the tilth condition.
2. Surface treatability: the bearing capacity for cattle, machinery, etc.
3. Surface limitations for the use of implements (stoniness, stickiness, etc.): the
arability.
4. Spatial regularity of soil and terrain pattern, determining size and shape of
fields with a capacity for uniform management.
5. Surface liability to deformation: the occurrence or hazard of wind and water
erosion.
6. Accessibility of the land: the degree of remoteness from means of transport.
7. The presence of open freshwater bodies for use by humans, animals or
fisheries.
8. Surface water storage capacity of the terrain: the presence or potential of
ponds, on-farm reservoirs, bunds, etc.
9. Surface propensity to yield run-off water, for local water harvesting or
downstream water supply.
10. Accumulation position of the land: degree of fertility renewal or crop
damaging by overflow or overblow.
KUALITAS TANAH

1. Physical soil fertility: the net moisture storage capacity in the rootable zone.
2. Physical soil toxicity: the presence or hazard of waterlogging in the rootable
zone (i.e. the absence of oxygen).
3. Chemical soil fertility: the availability of plant nutrients.
4. Chemical soil toxicity: salinity or salinization hazard; excess of exchangeable
sodium.
5. Biological soil fertility: the N-fixation capacity of the soil biomass; and its
capacity for soil organic matter turnover.
6. Biological soil toxicity: the presence or hazard of soil-borne pests and diseases.
7. Substratum (and soil profile) as source of construction materials.
8. Substratum (and soil profile) as source of minerals.
9. Biological soil toxicity: the presence or hazard of soil-borne pests and diseases.

Kualitas SUBSTRATUM atau Bawah-Permukaan

1. Groundwater level and quality in relation to (irrigated)
land use.
2. Substratum potential for water storage (local use) and
conductance (downstream use).
3. Presence of unconfined freshwater aquifers.
4. Substratum (and soil profile) suitability for foundation
works (buildings, roads, canals, etc.)

EVALUASI LAHAN

Land evaluation is the process of
assessment of land performance when
used for specific purposes, involving
the execution and interpretation of
surveys and studies of land forms,
soils, vegetation, climate and other
aspects of land in order to identify and
make a comparison of promising kinds
of land use in terms applicable to the
objectives of the evaluation.

EVALUASI LAHAN .
LUT

A land utilization type (FAO,
1976) is a kind of land use
described or defined in a
higher degree of detail than
that of a major kind of land
use (such as rainfed agriculture
or forestry), as an abstraction
of actual land-use systems
(which may be single,
compound or multiple).

Ketahanan suatu
Lahan :

The capacity of the land
to recover quickly to
former levels of
productivity - or to
resume the trend to
increased productivity -
after an adverse
influence such as
drought, floods, or
human abandonment or
mismanagement.

KETAHANAN LAHAN
Some concepts of resilience of land and its productivity,
comparing the situation in someindustrialized countries (A)
with that of most developing countries (B). (Sombroek, 1993)
1. Decline in quality of soils as rooting environments;
2. Erosion and loss of topsoil by wind and water;
3. Loss of vegetation cover, including woody perennials;
4. Acidification, soil fertility decline and plant nutrient
depletion;
5. Salinity and salinization, particularly in irrigated
systems.

ISU-ISU MANAJEMEN LAHAN ...
Qualitative relationships between gradually increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration, soil
characteristics and medium-term processes in soils, and biomass or crop productivity.
Tipe-tipe Indikator:

1. Physical soil condition;
2. Diversity or density of vegetation cover;
3. Thickness of topsoil (by erosion or, conversely, by good management);
4. Salinity or sodicity (alkaline conditions);
5. Terracing;
6. Establishment of contour vegetation strips.

Unit in which the indicator is measured: areal extent and magnitude of change
of the indicator types , with improvement and deterioration reported
separately.
INDIKATOR : Perubahan Kualitas Lahan
I. Above the soil surface, as related with yields:
1. Cover close to the ground: its density, distribution, duration, timing.
2. Stress in plants: growth rates; timing and frequency of wilting; visible nutrient
deficiencies or imbalances.

II. On the soil surface, as affecting particularly soil moisture and runoff+erosion:
Porosity of at least topsoil layers, in millimetric bands: proportions of incident
rainfall becoming infiltrated;

III. Below the soil surface:
Organic matter content and biological activity, as affecting multiple features:
Soil architecture:
. structural stability;
. gas exchange
. water movement and retention/release;
Cation exchange capacity:
. nutrient capture and retention;
. pH buffering;
. nutrient availability;
. source of small amounts of recycled nutrients.
LAND QUALITY INDICATOR (LQI)
1. NUTRIENT BALANCE: describes nutrient stocks and flows as related to different
land management systems used by farmers in specific AEZs and specific
countries.
2. YIELD TRENDS AND YIELD GAPS: describes current yields, yield trends and
actual:potential farm-level yields for the major food crops in different countries.
3. LAND USE INTENSITY: describes the impacts of agricultural intensification on
land quality. Intensification may involve increased cropping, more value-added
production, and increased amounts and frequency of inputs; emphasis is on the
management practices adopted by farmers in the transition to intensification.
4. LAND USE DIVERSITY (agrodiversity): describes the degree of diversification of
production systems over the landscape, including livestock and agroforestry
systems; it reflects the degree of flexibility (and resilience) of regional farming
systems, and their capacity to absorb shocks and respond to opportunities.

5. LAND COVER: describes the extent, duration and timing of vegetative cover on
the land during major erosive periods of the year. It is a surrogate for erosion
and, along with land use intensity and diversity, it will increase understanding on
the issues of desertification.

Lima macam LQI untuik Pertanian dan Kehutanan :
Diunduh dari Sumber: http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/HC270799/LM/SUSLUP/KeySpeakers/ADumanski.pdf ....................
3/11/2012 .

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