CHAPTER-5

Force and Motion-1

Ch 5 Physics
Physics: Study of cause of acceleration of an object Cause: Force Force is said to act on the object to change its velocity

Ch 5 Newtons First Law If no force acts on a body, then the bodys velocity cannot change i.e. the body cannot accelerate. If body is at rest, it stays at rest, if it is in motion, it continues to move with the same velocity

Ch 5 Force
A force F is measured by the acceleration a it produces. Principal of superposition of forces: When two or more forces are acting on a body resultant force or net force Fnet can be obtained by adding the forces individually Fnet = F If no net force acts on a body (Fnet =0), the body velocity cannot change.

Ch 5 Mass
Mass is an intrinsic characteristic of a body Mass of a body relates a force acting on a body to the resulting acceleration The ratio of the masses of two bodies m0 and mx is equal to inverse of their acceleration a0 and ax when same force is applied to both bodies mx/m0 = a0/ax

Ch 5 Newtons Second Law

The net force Fnet acting on a body is equal to the product of the body mass m and its acceleration a Fnet = ma; a= Fnet / m

Acceleration component along a given axis is caused only by sum of forces component along that axis ax = Fnet,x /m ; ay = Fnet,y /m ; az = Fnet,z /m
SI unit of force Newton (N) 1N= 1kg.m/s2

Ch 5: Some Particular Forces

Gravitational Force Fg: The force with which a body is pulled towards earth. Downward force Fg= m(-|g|)

Weight: Equals the magnitude of a net force required to prevent the body from falling freely, as measured on the ground. weight |W| = |Fg|

Some Particular Forces (FN)

Normal Force FN :
When a body presses against a surface, the surface pushes the body with a normal force FN, that is to the surface For a block resting on a table FN = mg

Some Particular Forces T

Tension Force T: It is the force applied to a body through a cord, pulled taut opposite to object. For a mass less cord , the pulls at both ends of the cord has same magnitude T

problem
The suspended body in the figure (c) weighs 75 N. Is T equal to greater than, less than 75 N when body is moving upward at (a) constant speed (b) at increasing speed (c) at decreasing speed
(a) For constant speed Fnet=0= T mg=0 T = mg = 75 N
(b) For increasing speed Fnet=ma = T mg T = ma + mg T > mg (c) For decreasing speed Fnet=-ma = T mg T = mg - ma T < mg

Ch 5 Newtons Third Law

Newtons Third Law:
When two bodies interact, the forces on the bodies from each other are always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. For the book and crate FBC=-FCB FBC and FCB are called third-law force pair FBC and FCB are also called action and reaction forces pair

Ch 5 Applying Newtons Laws

Problem-solving strategy:
Draw a simple and neat diagram of the system Isolate the object whose motion is being analyzed. Draw free-body diagram for this object for the external forces acting on the object Establish convenient coordinate axes for each object. Find component of forces along these axes. Apply Newtons Second Law F=ma in component form. Solve the component equations for the unknowns

Ch 5 Applying Newtons Laws

For (a)
Fy=FN-Fgs=May=0; FN= Fgs Fx=Max=T=Ma; T=Ma

For (b)
Fx=0 Fy=T-FgH=T-mg=-ma T=m(g-a) and T=Ma Solve for a a =mg/(m+M)

Ch 5 Applying Newtons Laws Sample Problem 5-6

Find T1, T2 and T3 ?; For (a) Fy=T3-Fg=0; T3= Fg=mg and Fx=0 For (b) Fx=T2cos 47-T1cos 28=0 T2cos 47=T1cos 28 (1) Fy= T2 sin 47+T1 sin 28-T3=0 T2 sin 47+T1 sin 28=T3 .(2) Solve eq. (1) and (2) to get T1 and T2

Problem Find T and FN if = 27

Problem

Problem
Find a? Introduce action and reaction par forces FAB and FBA Fapp=(mA+mB)a a= Fapp/(mA+mB) Then FBA =mBa