L IMBAH NUKL IR

Dari PL TN
Dosen : Ir.Syariffuddin Mahmudsyah,M.Eng.

Is Nuclear Energy Safe?

Chernobyl Accident- April 26, 1986

Worlds worst nuclear power
plant accident Chernobyl in U raine on !ripyat "i#er !opulation 12,$%%& 12%,%%% in '% ( radius ) reactors *2 built in 19+%s, 2 in 198%s, Co(bination o- desi.n and operator error durin. electrical power sa-ety chec resulted in cascade o- e#ents leadin. to core breach o- "eactor ) with subse/uent che(ical *not nuclear, e0plosion
Che(istry in Conte0t, Chapter + http122www3world-nuclear3or.2in-o2chernobyl2in-%+3ht(

Chernobyl- "eactor ) 7ite

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Chernobyl Accident
5low o- coolant water interrupted, insu--icient 8 control rods, core breach 9raphite used to slow neutrons in reactor cau.ht -ire3 Water sprayed on .raphite, resultin. in hydro.en .as -or(ation- che(ical co(bustion reaction and e0plosion 2:2;*l, < C*.raphite, 2 :2*., < C;2*., 2:2*., < ;2*., 2:2;*., =ar.e a(ount o- radioacti#e -ission products dispersed into at(osphere -or 1% days *about 1%%> .reater than :iroshi(a24a.asa i, 1$%,%%% people in 6% ( radius per(anently e#acuated ?oll1 se#eral wor ers i((ediately, about '% -ire-i.hters2e(er.ency wor ers -ro( acute radiation e0posure, and a s(aller 8 -ro( subacute e--ects *o#erall, about 6% deaths, About 2$% (illion people e0posed to radiation le#els which (ay reduce li-espan, includin. about 2%%,%%% in the clean-up crew *@li/uidatorsA, who buried the waste and built a concrete @sarcopha.usA around "eactor ) Che(istry in Conte0t, Chapter + http122www3world-nuclear3or.2in-o2chernobyl2in-%+3ht(

Chernobyl Accident
Bnitial radiation released pri(arily B-1'1 *hal- li-eC 8
days,, later Cs-1'+ *hal- li-eC '% years, Children particularly susceptible to B-1'13 ?hyroid ta es up B- to produce the hor(one thyro0ine *?), .rowth2(etabolis(,3 B-1'1 decays be beta e(ission with acco(panyin. .a((a ray B- in.ested, can cause thyroid cancer About )%%% cases o- thyroid cancer in e0posed children *2%%%,, nine related deaths in this .roup !reli(inary e#idence *2%%6, su..ests increased ris oleu e(ia and possibly other cancers in @li/uidatorA .roup and others with hi.her e0posure in the -irst year- @A(on. so(e 6%%,%%% wor ers e0posed in the -irst year, the possible increase in cancer deaths due to this radiation e0posure (i.ht be up to a -ew percent3A
Che(istry in Conte0t, Chapter + http122www3world-nuclear3or.2in-o2chernobyl2in-%+3ht(

Chernobyl Accident
;therwise, U4 report *2%%%,- @there is no scienti-ic e#idence o- any si.ni-icant radiation-related health e--ects to (ost people e0posedA 4o e#idence o- increase in birth de-ects, abnor(al pre.nancies, or reduced -ertility 7econdary e--ects- -atalis(, (ental health proble(s, s(o in., alcohol abuse, .eneral poor health and nutrition 7urroundin. -ar(land *1%%% s/uare (iles, not -ar(able due to hi.h Cs-1'+ *e0ception, one s(all area in Delarus, :i.h le#els o- Cs-1'+ -ound down wind in reindeer (eat in 7candina#ia Conta(ination e--ects on plants2ani(als within '% ( Conta(ination o- nearby water bodies and -ish

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4uclear Hner.y- U7 H0perience

Three Mile Island- March 28, 19 9 4ear :arrisbur., !ennsyl#ania Eost serious U7 nuclear plant incident Fal#e (al-unction and lost coolant with partial (eltdown 7o(e radioacti#e .as released, no -atalities 4o si.ni-icant increase in cancer deaths in e0posed population Ga(a.e lar.ely contained China 7yndro(e released 12 days be-ore Construction o- new nuclear plants shortly a-ter "esulted in broad chan.es in the nuclear power industry and 4"C re.ardin. e(er.ency response, operator trainin., en.ineerin.2desi.n criteria, radiation protection, and o#ersi.ht to enhance sa-ety
Che(istry in Conte0t, Chapter + http122www3nrc3.o#2readin.-r(2doc-collections2-act-sheets2'(ile-isle3ht(l http122en3wi ipedia3or.2wi i2?hree6Eile6Bsland6accident

 !a"ural sources #81$% include radon *$$I,,

e0ternal *cos(ic, terrestrial,, and internal *J-)%, C-1), etc3, Man-made sources #19$% include (edical *dia.nostic 0-rays- 11I, nuclear (edicine- )I,, consu(er products, and other *-allout, power plants, air tra#el, occupational, etc3,
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7a-ety o- 4uclear !lants

7teel-rein-orced concrete and a do(e-shaped
contain(ent buildin.s surround all U7 reactors *inner wall se#eral -eet thic and outer wall at least 1$ inches thic , Gesi.ned to withstand hurricanes, earth/ua es, hi.h winds "eactors ha#e detectors to /uic ly shut down in e#ent o- tre(or *about 2%I are in re.ions with seis(ic acti#ity li e !aci-ic "i(, Bn considerin. sa-ety, (ust addressK 5aults in plant desi.n :u(an error "is s associated with terroris(2political instability

Che(istry in Conte0t, Chapter +

a. JUSTIFIKASI setiap pemanfaatan tenaga nuklir harus mempunyai manfaat le ih esar !i an!ing !engan risik" yang !itim ulkan# . LIMITASI penerimaan !"sis ra!iasi terha!ap peker$a atau masyarakat ti!ak mele ihi nilai atas !"sis yang !itetapkan "leh %a!an &enga'as# (. )&TIMASI kegiatan pemanfaatan tenaga nuklir harus !iren(anakan !an sum er ra!iasi harus !iran(ang !an !i"perasikan untuk men$amin agar paparan ra!iasi yang ter$a!i !itekan seren!ah * ren!ahnya.

ASAS KESELAMATAN :

I&TE' !(')I*
'E&E!TI!+,! !,SI-!,)

MANFAAT
SEBESARBESARNYA

RESIKO
SEKECILKECILNYA

IPTEK NUKLIR

%A&ETEN
%A

KESELAMATAN KEAMANAN KE+AMAIAN

TA

LIT,%AN+EM)NST.ASI +ISEMINASI

PARTISIPASI dan BANTUAN

MASYARAKAT dan LUAR NEGERI
SEBESAR-BESARNYA

Efek Radiasi terhadap Manusia Langsung : molekul, organ tubuh, atau sel terjadi kerusakan, tergantung besarnya dosis
radiasi radiasi radiasi

Tidak langsung : molekul air dalam tubuh terjadi peroksida dan radikal bebas akibat (H2O2)
radiasi
H2O

OHH+

H2O2

Bicara NUKLIR, terbayang

Kota Hantu CHERNOBY L

Damage cos"s in . /er 01h

Euria *nuclear, 0.006 Damage cos"s #. /er 01h% 0.074 9resi *.as,

Euara Jaran. *.as,

0.081

0.097 ?anLun.Lati *coal, 0.646 7uralaya *coal,

2.34

%32

%3)

%36

%38

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