1

PETE 411
Well Drilling
Lesson 26
* Well Control *
* Variable Geometry *
2
Well Control-Variable Geometry
Initial Shut-In Conditions
Drillers Method
Kick at Casing Seat
Kick at Surface
Wait and Weight Method
Kick at Casing Seat
Kick at Surface
3
Read:
Applied Drilling Engineering, Ch. 4
Quiz B
Thursday, Nov. 14, 7 - 9 p.m. Rm. 101
Closed Book
1 Equation sheet allowed, 8 1/2x 11 (both sides)
HW #14: Drillers Method - due 11-11-02
HW #15: W&W Method - due 11-15-02
4
Example Problem
1. Determine the pressure at the casing seat
at 4,000 when using the old mud
(Drillers) versus using the kill mud
(Wait and Weight) to circulate a gas
kick out of the hole.
2. Determine the casing pressure at the
surface when the top of the gas
bubble has just reached the surface,
for the same two mud weights used
above.
5
Example Problem
Well depth = 10,000
Hole size = 10.5
Drill pipe = 4.5, 16.60 #/ft
Drill Collars = 8 * 3.5 * 500 ft
Surface casing = 4,000, 13-3/8, 68 #/ft
Mud Weight = 10 ppg

Fracture gradient @ 4,000 = 0.7 psi/ft
6
Example Problem
Shut in Annulus Pressure, SICP = 400 psi
Shut in Drillpipe Pressure, SIDPP = 200 psi
Pit level increase = 20 barrels (kick size)

Drop the Z terms but consider Temperature
T at surface = 70 deg. F
Temperature gradient = 1.2 deg.F/100 ft
7
Initial (Closed-In) Conditions:
/gal # 10 Weight Mud Initial
bbl 20 Increase Level Pit
psi 400 SICP
psi 200 SIDPP
=
=
=
=
Initial mud gradient = 0.520 psi/ft
(0.052 * 10 = 0.520)
8
Initial (Closed-In) Conditions:
Pressure, Hole Bottom
psi 5,400 )
ft
psi
520 . 0 ( * ) ft 000 , 10 ( 200 P
10,000
= + =
Collars, Drill outside Vol/ft Annular
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|

t
=
gal 42
bbl
in 231
gal
) in 12 ( in ) 8 5 . 10 (
4
v
2
2 2 2
DC_Ann
bbl/ft 04493 . 0 V
DC_Ann
=
( 20.28 ft/bbl )
9
4,000




9,500

10,000
v
dp.csg
= 0.13006 bbl/ft
v
dc,hole
= 0.04493 bbl/ft
v
dp,hole
= 0.08743 bbl/ft
10
Fluid, Kick of Height
ft 445
bbl/ft 0.04493
bbl 20
h
10,000
= =
Fluid, Kick across Pressure c Hydrostati
555 , 9 * 520 . 0 400 400 , 5 P
0 kick_10,00
= A
psi 4 31. P
0 kick_10,00
= A
Annulus, the in cs Hydrostati
0 kick_10,00
P 9,555 * 0.520 400 5,400 A + + =
11
Drillers Method - kick at bottom
F = AP * A = W
(2) - - - P P P BHP
MA K0 0
+ + =
area * Pressure Fluid Kick of Weight =
2 2 2
2
in ) 8 5 . 10 (
4
*
in
lb
31.4
t
=
lb 1,141 W =
12
4,000
9,500
10,000
9,555
P
B
= P
10,000
= 5,400 psi
445
SIDPP = 200 psi
SICP = 400 psi
31.4
psi
13
Drillers Method - kick at csg. seat
What is the pressure at 4,000 ft when the
top of the kick fluid first reaches that point?
4,000
4,000
P
1,098,444
h =
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
650
460 48 70
*
P
5,400
* 20 h * 0.08743
4,000
4,000
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
10,000
4,000
4,000
10,000
10,000 4,000
T
T
*
P
P
* V V
14
4,000




9,500

10,000
Drillers
Method

Top of
Kick at
Casing
Seat
P = 5,400 psi
15
Drillers Method - kick at csg. seat
Again,
( ) in 4.5 10.5
4
lbs 1,141
area
weight
P
2 2
K_4,000

= = A

MA K_4,000 4,000
P P P BHP + + =
AP
K_4,000
= 16.1 psi
16
Drillers Method - kick at csg. seat
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
4,000
4,000
P
1,098,444
* (0.52) P 2,264
4,000 4,000
h * 0.52 3,120 P 5,384 + =
) h (6,000 * 0.52 16 P 5,400
4,000 4,000
+ + =
MA K_4,000 4,000
P P P BHP + + =
17
Drillers Method - kick at csg. seat
0.7 psi/ft 0.6233 psi 2,493 P
4,000
< => =
( )
2
571,191 * 4 2,264 2,264
P
0.5
2
4,000
+
=
0 571,191 P 2,264 P
4,000
2
4,000
=
This results in the quadratic Eqn:
With the solutions:
18
Drillers Method - Top of Kick at Casing Seat
4,000
9,500
10,000
BHP = 5,400 psi
P
4,000
= 2,493 psi
h
4,000
= 441 ft
AP = 16 psi
(

=
4,000
4,000
P
1,098,444
h
P
0,ann
= ?
19
4,000




9,500

10,000
Drillers
Method

Top of
Kick at
Surface
We need two
equations
P
0
= ?
BHP = 5,400 psi
20
Drillers Method - kick at surface
When the bubble rises, it expands. The
volume of the bubble at the surface is given by:
(1) - - -
P
084 , 677
h
o
0
=
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
460 120 70
460 70
P
5400
20 h ) 13006 . 0 (
0
0
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
000 , 10
0
0
000 , 10
000 , 10 0
T
T
P
P
V V
(Z = const.)
21
Drillers Method - kick at surface
psi 11 10.85 P
K0
~ =
( )
2 2 2
K,0
in 4.5 12.415
4
lb 1,141
area
weight
P

= =

22
Drillers Method - kick at surface
From Eq. (2),




But, from Eq. (1),
0
0
0 0
P
677,084
h

) h (10,000 * 0.52 11 P 5,400
=
+ + =
MA K0 0
P P P BHP + + =
23
Drillers Method - kick at surface
0 084 , 352 P 189 P
0
2
0
=
Quadratic equation . . .
( ) 352,084 P P 11 5,200 5,400
2
0 0
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + =
0
0
P
677,084
10,000 0.52 11 P 5,400
So,
MA K0 0
P P P BHP + + =
24
Drillers Method - kick at surface
| |
2
) 084 , 352 )( 4 ( 189 189
P
2
1
2
0
+
=
psi 695 psi 34 . 695 P
0
~ =
ft 974 h
0
~
74 . 973
34 . 695
084 , 677
h
0
= =
4,000
9,500
10,000
25
Drillers Method - kick at surface
psi 2,280
11 1,574 695
P 974) (4,000 * 0.52 P P
KO 0 4,000
=
+ + =
+ + =
psi 2,280
3,120 - 5,400
) 000 , 4 000 , 10 ( * ) 52 . 0 ( P P
, ely Alternativ
000 , 10 4,000
=
=
=
( = 0.57 psi/ft )
4,000
9,500
10,000
26
Drillers Method. Top of Kick at Surface
4,000
9,500
10,000
h
0
= 974 ft
AP
K,0
= 11 psi
P
0,ann
= 695 psi
P
4,000
= 2,280 psi
P
10,000
= ?
27
Calculate the pressure at 4,000 ft when the
top of the bubble reaches this point.

Volume of bubble at 4,000 ft
Wait and Weight Method
- kick at casing seat
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
10,000
4,000
4,000
10,000
10,000 4,000
T
T
P
P
V V
28
Wait and
Weight
Method

Top of
Kick at
Casing
Seat
Kill Mud
Old Mud
4,000
9,500
10,000
BHP = 5,400 psi
29
W&W - Pressure at top of kick at 4,000 ft
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
650
578
P
5,400
20 h (0.08743)
4,000
4,000
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
10,000
4,000
4,000
10,000
10,000 4,000
T
T
P
P
V V
(7) - - - P P P P BHP
M1 M K_4,000 4,000
+ + + =
(6) - - -
P
1,098,444
h
4,000
4,000
=
Also,
30
Wait and Weight Method
- kick at surface
Capacity inside drill string
= DP_cap. + DC_cap.

bubble. the below mud
gal
#
10.0 of Quantity
bbl 141
ft 500 *
ft
bbl
0.0119 ft 9,500 *
ft
bbl
0.01422
=
=
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
=
4,000
9,500
10,000
BHP = 5,400 psi
31
W&W - Pressure at top of kick
- kick at 4,000 ft
bbl/ft 0.08743
bbl 141
* 10 * 052 . 0 P
M
= A
psi 839 P
M
= A
psi 16 P before, As
K_4,000
= A

10,000 * 0.052
SIDPP
Wt. Mud Old Mud Kill of Density + =
gal
#
10.38 0.38 10.00 KWM = + =
32
W&W - Pressure at top of kick
- kick at 4,000 ft
4,000 4,000
4,000 M1
h (0.5398) 2,368 839 16 P 5,400

0.08743
141
h 6,000 * 10.38 * 0.052 P
+ + + =
|
.
|

\
|
=
P P P P BHP
M1 M K_4,000 4,000
+ + + =
33
W&W - Pressure at top of kick
- kick at 4,000 ft
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
4,000
000 4
P
1,098,444
(0.5398) P 2,177
0 592,940 P 2,177 P
4,000
2
4,000
=
2
940 , 592 * 4 177 , 2 177 , 2
P
5 , 0
2
000 , 4
+
=
psi/ft 0.61 psi 2,422 P
4,000
=> =
34
4,000




9,500

10,000
Wait and
Weight
Method

Top of
Kick at
Surface
Kill Mud
Old Mud
35
Wait and Weight Method
- kick at surface
Volume of gas bubble at surface:
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
10,000
0
0
10,000
10,000 0
T
T
P
P
V V
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
650
530
P
5,400
20 h * 0.13006
0
0

P
677,084
h
0
0
=
36
Wait and Weight Method
(Engineers Method) - kick at surface
Assume all 10 lb/gal mud is inside the
13 3/8 csg. Then the height of 10 lb mud:
M1 M K0 0 10,000
P P P P P + + + =
ft 1,084
bbl/ft 0.13006
bbl 141.0
h
M
= =
psi 11 P
K,0
= As before,
37
Wait and Weight Method
(Engineers Method) - kick at surface
psi 564 1,084 * 10 * 0.052 P
M
= =
Hydrostatic head across the mud columns:
Old Mud:
Kill Mud:
1,084) h (10,000 * 10.38 * 0.052 P
0 1 M
= A
38
Hydrostatics in Annulus
W&W Method - kick at surface
0 0
0 0
M1 M K0 0 10,000
h (0.5398) P 12.14
) h (8,916 * 0.5398 564 11 P 5,400
P P P P P
=
+ + + =
+ + + =
39
Wait and Weight Method
kick at surface
psi 611 610.59 P
2
365,490 * 4 12 12
P
0 365,490 12P P
P
677,084
(0.5398) P 12
0
2
1

2
0
0
2
0
0
0
~ =
+
=
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
From Eq. 4, substituting for h
0

40
Height of Bubble at Surface
ft 1,109

610.59
677,084
P
677,084
h
0
0
=
= =
Wait and Weight Method
- kick at surface
41
Check Pressure at 4,000 ft
- kick at surface
psi/ft 0.54 psi 2,161
1,093) - 1,109 - (4,000 * 10.38 * 0.052
569 11 611

P P P P P
M1 M K0 0 4,000
=> =
+
+ + + =
+ + + =
Looks OK
42
Wait and Weight Method
Top of Kick at Surface
Kill Mud
Old Mud
4,000
9,500
10,000
h
0
= 1,109 ft
AP
K,0
= 11 psi
P
0,ann
= 611 psi
P
4,000
= 2,161 psi
P
10,000
= ?
AP
Old Mud
= 569 psi
43
Summary
Drillers Engineers
Method Method
Bubble at 10,000 ft
400 400 P
2,480 2,480 P
0
4,000
44
Summary
Drillers Engineers
Method Method
Top of Bubble at 4,000 ft
342 413 P
2,422 2,493 P
0
4,000
45
Summary
Drillers Engineers
Method Method
Top of Bubble at surface
611 695 P
2,161 2,280 P
0
4,000
46
47
Why the difference?
48
Wait and Weight Method
Kick Intensity, ppg
49
Pump Strokes
Kick Intensity, ppg
50
Volume of Mud Pumped, bbl