Module-Eccentric Connections

Unit No.II
Course-Design of Advanced Steel Structures Max. Marks. =25

Asst. Prof. Suryawanshi S.R.

In the frame of steel building, a beam may be attached to another beam or to a column. In such cases design of connections under system of loads on the elements depends on understanding of the behavior of the elements The beam column connections expected to resist transferred end reactions only are termed as shear connections or flexible connections ,permits free rotations of the beam end and do not have mmt restraint Other connection which do not permit any relative rotation between beam and column and expected to resist mmt in addition to end reaction are termed as mmt connections or rigid connections

Moment Diagram for Beams with different End Conditions

Types of Connections
A. Shear connections (Flexible Connection)
a)Riveted Shear connections 1. Bracket ConnectionsType I &II 2. Seated Connections-Stiffened and Unstiffened 3.Framed Connections b)Welded Shear Connections 1. Bracket ConnectionsType I &II 2. Seated Connections-Stiffened and Unstiffened 3.Framed Connections

B. Moment Resistant connections (Rigid Connections)

a) Riveted mmt connection:- i.Heavy mmt connection ii. Light mmt Connections b) Welded mmt connections

C. Semi-Rigid Connections

WELDED SHEAR CONNECTIONS

Welded connection are often subjected to shear & torsion or shear & bending Bracket type I is an example of weld subjected to shear and torsion Bracket type II is an example of weld subjected to shear and bending Seated and framed also be implemented depends on designers choices.

Bracket Connections
1.Bracket Connection Type -I When twisting mmt acting is in the plane of weld i.e. C.G.of weld group lies in the plane of line of action of applied load, weld is subjected to shear and torsion.

Let ,
M = Twisting mmt P = eccentric load acting over the joint e = eccentricity of load, t=effective throat thickness of the weld l = length of fillet weld (2a+d) as shown in fig. d = depth of the bracket r = the distance of extreme weld from CG of weld group, = shear stress in wled , J = polar mmt. of Inertia

Weld group subjected to 1)Direct shear stress due to load P 2) Shear stress due to twisting mmt.
For Direct shear stress 1 = Load/Effective area of weld

= P/(2a+d)t------------(1)
For shear stress due to twisting mmt.

Can be computed using torsion equation. T/J= /r 2= T.r/J= P.e.r/J-------------(2) The resultant Shear stress can be given as

< 108 N/mm2

Allowable shear stress in weld

 The design of Connection is done as follows:1. Assume overlap of bracket & work out the length of fillet weld. 2. Compute C. G. Of weld group (x) 3. Compute polar Mmt. of Inertia (J) 4. Calculate dist. of extreme weld from C.G. Of weld group(r) 5. Calculate 1, 2 6. Calculate and equate it with Allowable shear stress. 7. Weld size can be given as, t=0.7S, t is throat thk.

2.Bracket Connection Type II

When moment is perpendicular to the weld i.e. C. G. of the weld group lies in a plane perpendicular to the plane of line of action of the applied load, the weld is subjected to shear and bending. The eccentric load can be made concentric along with a bending moment. The weld in such a case is subjected to--a)Direct stress due to a concentric load P and b) Bending stress due to bending moment(P.e) Either butt weld or a fillet weld can be used in such connections.

1. For Direct shear stress in weld : 1 = Load/(Eff.Area of weld)

For fillet weld 1 = P/2d.t For butt weld 1 = P/d.t

2. For bending stress in the weld: b = moment/(section modulus)

For fillet Weld
Fillet weld when subjected to flexure the common relationship b = M.y/I ,used to evaluate stresses. b = {P.e(d/2)}/{2.td3/12} = P.e/(2td2/6) (Critical stresses exist on the throat of the weld at 450) The throat stresses then treated as a shear since,450 line of failure is indicative of a shear fracture 2 = P.e/(2td2/6) Combined stress in fillet weld

For butt Weld

b = P.e/(td2/6) Combined stresses and shear stress in butt weld may be checked by the interaction formula as,

< yield stress of steel used

< 108N/mm2

The design of connection is done as follows:Size of weld is assumed and the length is computed. If the length of the weld is more than twice the depth of the bracket, the size of weld is revised:1. Assume the size of the weld and compute the throat thickness. Calculate depth of the bracket from either of the following appropriate equations. In case of butt weld where b =165 N/mm2

In case of fillet weld

where 1 = 108 N/mm2 2. Direct shear stress is computed in terms of throat thk. (1)

3. the stress due to bending moment is computed I terms of throat thk. (2 or b) 4. The equivalent stress is computed as appropriate

Welded Seated Connections

Two types of seated connections used i.e. 1.Unstiffened Seat Connection 2. Stiffened Seat Connection In welded unstiffened seat connection two angles are used. one angle is welded to the column in the shop and forms the beam seat. A Cleat angle of nominal size (100x100x6 )mm is welded to the top of beam in the shop and to the column in the field. vertical welds are provided to connect the seat angle and these are turned at the ends. the resultant stress in the vertical weld is not uniform. resultant shear comprising of horizontal shear per mm and vertical shear per mm, is computed and should be less than allowable shear per mm of the weld.

Design steps:A) A Seat angle is chosen suitably from following considerations 1. the seat angle is assumed to have a length B,equal to the width of the beam flange (B) 2. length of outstanding leg of seat angle b

The seat leg length is kept more than the calculated bearing length equation may yield negative value for large beam with small reaction therefore a minimum bearing length is specified as

where, R=end reaction in N , p=Permissible bearing stress in Mpa (0.75fy) t= thk. Of the web of beam in mm, h2=depth of the root of fillet weld from extreme fibre of flange for the beam in mm

3. thk. of seat angle is chosen such that the outstanding leg does not fail in bending on a section at the toe of the fillet (t)

bending stress t2 = 6.R.e1 /B.bc e1= the distance from the critical section to the reaction R
acting at the centre of the bearing length =10+0.5b-t-radious of root of fillet

M=mmt at critical section=R.e1

B=length of seat angle equal to width of flange

bc=bending stress in comp. assumed to bending stress in slab

base i.e.185Mpa

B)Calculate the vertical shear per mm 1 = R/2dt(t is unity) C)Calculate the eccentricity of the reaction and compute the bending mm t. D)Calculate the horizontal Shear per mm due to the bending mmt. 2 = M/(2.d2 .16) (t is unity) d=length of weld E) Calculate resultant shear stress

F)This resultant shear per mm is equated to the strength of the weld per mm to find the size of the weld =0.7xSx1x , =Allowable shear stress =108Mpa

Q. Design an unstiffened welded seat connection for a beam I. S. M. B. 500@86.9Kg/m, transmitting 170 Kn to the I. S. H. B. 350@367.4Kg/m (SRTMUN June13)8mks Soln. the relevant properties of the section from IS Handbook No.1(SP 6(1964))
ISMB 500 Beam
B tw h2 tf 180 10.2 37.95 17.2

ISHB 350 Column

250 8.3 27 11.6

A) Design of seat angle

1. Length of seat angle B =Width of beam flange=180mm 2. for bearing length b

b=23.157 mm

b=45.045mm ,providing b=100mm Provide 10 mm clearance between beam and column Provide (ISA 200x100x12) mm r1 =12mm, t=12mm 3.for thickness of seat angle (t)

t2 = 6.R.e1 /B.bc
e1 = 10+45.045/2-12-12=8.52mm

Try another section as (200x150x18)mm r1 =13.5mm t=18mm Therefore e1 = 10+45.045/2-18-13.5=1.0225mm

Therefore provide seat angle (200x100x18)mm

B) Vertical Shear /mm

d=200mm i.e. length of weld 1 =R/2dt=170x103 / 2x200x1=425N/mm

C)Horizontal Shear/mm

2 = M/(2.d2 .16) (t is unity) =170x103x1.0225/(2x2002 6)=13.036N/mm

D) Resultant shear E)For size of weld

=0.7xSx1x =Allowable shear stress =108Mpa 425.2=0.7xSx108 S=5.62mm, therefore providing S=6mm

2. Stiffened Seat Connection

 In the stiffened seat connection ,a T-section built up of two plates is used . The bearing length of the seat plate is calculated as in case of the unstiffened seat connection. thk. Of seat plate is kept equal to the thk, of flange of beam thk. Of stiffening plate is kept equal to thk. Of web of the beam. The depth of the stiffening plate is decided depending upon the length of the vertical weld required. Seat plate kept wider than flange of the beam by atleast twice of the weld on each side of the beam flange to facilitate welding

 Design steps:1. Calculate width of seating plate 2. thk. of the seat plate is assumed equal to the thk. of beam flange. 3. thk. of stiffening plate is assumed equal to the thickness of the web of the beam 4. The eccentricity of load & mmt. due to it are calculated 5. vertical and horizontal shear per mm length of weld 1 & 2 are computed 6. the resultant shear per mm of weld length is computed by the vector sum of 1 & 2 7. calculate size of weld from = 0.7xsx1x

Welded Double Plate Framed Connections

 One plate is shop welded to the supported beam while other plate is welded to plate element of supporting structure /girder/column. In field beam is properly aligned, both plates are brought in position and erection bolts are inserted to hold them together ,welding is then completed in field. There are two line of weld (weld A&B) provided for design purposes. For Weld A:-designed for vertical shear and mmt. For Weld B:- designed for only vertical shear Check for vertical shear stress in column flange Check for stress in web.

 Design steps:-

A)For weld A:1. Assume width of plate as 50 mm wide so e=50mm 2. Calculate length of weld or depth of plate as:Where M=R.e & t=0.7x s

3. Calculate vertical shear/mm 1 = P/2d.t t is unity 4. Calculate horizontal shear/mm 2 = R.e/(2td2/6) 5. Calculate resultant

6. Strength of weld=0.7xSx1x > Resultant shear .hence ok

B)For weld B: Vertical shear1 = R/2d For field weld per=allowable stress=0.8 =0.8x108 Equate vertical shear to strength of weld as 1 = 0.7xsx0.8x Calculate size of weld

C)Check for vertical shear stress in column flange:=V/2tf .d <0.4 fy = V/tw.d <0.4 fy tf = thk.of flange of beam tw =thk. Of web of column

D)Check for stress in web:-

Welded double angle framed connections

 Beams are connected to columns or to the other beams by means of framing angles or plates. A pair of angles or plates are placed one on each side of the web of the beam to be connected. These angles or plates used to transmit shear and mmt. One of the leg of angle is welded to the beam in the shop and the other leg is welded to the column in the field. Seats are only provided for erection and can be removed afterwards. Seat angle is set back from the beam web by 10-12 mm as shown in fig. Welds connecting the angles to the column are subjected to vertical shear and to bending mmt.

A)For weld connecting the framing angle leg to column Calculate V=R/2 For vertical shear per mm 1= V/d For horizontal shear per mm 2 = 1.8.R.e1/d2 For Resultant shear For size of weld =0.7xSx1x , =Allowable shear stress
=108Mpa

B)Weld connecting the angle with web of the beam Max.horizontal shear in field weld occurs at the bottom of the angle section. N.A. passes at distance of d/6 from top of the angle , d-depth of section Vertical shear =R/2, bending mmt.=R.e2/2 Find out CG of weld group to connect the angle section to web of beam. Calculate polar mmt. of Inertia. Compute twisting mmt. For vertical shear 1 = V/Effective area of weld=V/(2a+d)t For horizontal shear 2 = T.r/J=V.e2.r /J=R.e2.r/2J

For Resultant shear

 For size of weld =0.7xSx1x , =Allowable shear stress=108Mpa